Debunking Korunomyces

Abstract Korunomyces is a genus including fungi that produce stipitate, profusely branched, multicellular asexual reproductive structures (propagules) on leaves and in culture. Three species have been described in the genus: Korunomyces terminaliae – the type species, K. prostratus and K. zapatensis. No molecular studies have ever been conducted to elucidate the phylogenetic placement of Korunomyces. Recently, DNA sequences were obtained from pure cultures of K. prostratus and K. terminaliae, enabling an elucidation of their taxonomic placement. Isolates of K. prostratus obtained from diseased tissues of Miconia calvescens were observed for the first time to form pycnidial conidiomata in culture. A multi-gene phylogeny, including the large subunit of the nrDNA (nc LSU rDNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), placed K. prostratus and K. terminaliae within Coniella (Schizoparmaceae). As Korunomyces is younger than Coniella, it is reduced to synonymy, and a new name and a new combination are proposed for these two species, namely: Coniella ferreirense nom. nov. and Coniella prostrata comb. nov. An emended description of Coniella to include the occasional formation of distinct and elaborate asexual propagules is also provided.

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Survey, Identification, and Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-Like Asexual Morphs in Spanish Forest Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-18-0171-re ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (11) ◽

pp. 2083-2100 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Beatriz Mora-Sala ◽

Ana Cabral ◽

Maela León ◽

Carlos Agustí-Brisach ◽

Josep Armengol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Forest Nurseries ◽

Asexual Morphs ◽

Identification And Characterization ◽

Elongation Factor 1

Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs infect herbaceous and woody plants, mainly in agricultural scenarios, but also in forestry systems. The aim of the present study was to characterize a collection of Cylindrocarpon-like isolates recovered from the roots of a broad range of forest hosts from nurseries showing decline by morphological and molecular studies. Between 2009 and 2012, 17 forest nurseries in Spain were surveyed and a total of 103 Cylindrocarpon-like isolates were obtained. Isolates were identified based on DNA sequences of the partial gene regions histone H3 (his3). For the new species, the internal transcribed spacer and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS) region, β-tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) were also used to determine their phylogenetic position. Twelve species belonging to the genera Cylindrodendrum, Dactylonectria, and Ilyonectria were identified from damaged roots of 15 different host genera. The species C. alicantinum, D. macrodidyma, D. novozelandica, D. pauciseptata, D. pinicola, D. torresensis, I. capensis, I. cyclaminicola, I. liriodendri, I. pseudodestructans, I. robusta, and I. rufa were identified. In addition, two Dactylonectria species (D. hispanica sp. nov. and D. valentina sp. nov.), one Ilyonectria species (I. ilicicola sp. nov.), and one Neonectria species (N. quercicola sp. nov.) are newly described. The present study demonstrates the prevalence of this fungal group associated with seedlings of diverse hosts showing decline symptoms in forest nurseries in Spain.

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Baorangia duplicatopora (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.508.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 508 (1) ◽

Author(s):

XU ZHANG ◽

ZHI-QUN LIANG ◽

SHUAI JIANG ◽

CHANG XU ◽

XIN-HUA FU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Tropical China

Baorangia duplicatopora is described as a new species from Hainan Province, a tropical region of China. It is morphologically characterized by large to very large basidiomata with a dull rose red, rose pink to purplish red pileus, compound pores, pileus context near hymenophore and stipe context staining blue when injured, a red stipe, and cheilocystidia wider than those of other Baorangia species. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene, the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) also confirmed that B. duplicatopora forms an independent lineage within Baorangia. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microscopic features of the new species are presented. A key to species of Baorangia in the world is also provided.

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Characterization and pathogenicity of Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum species causing Botryosphaeria canker and dieback of apple trees in central Chile

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-21-1291-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽

Adrián Vinicio Valdez ◽

Francois Halleen ◽

Enrique Ferrada ◽

Mauricio A. Lolas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Central Chile ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

First Time ◽

Elongation Factor 1

In recent years, the number of apple trees affected by Botryosphaeria cankers and dieback has considerably increased in central Chile. This study aimed to identify the species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker and dieback symptoms, estimate disease incidence and distributions, and study their pathogenicity and virulence on apple and other fruit crops. A field survey of 34 commercial orchards of apple (7-to 30-year-old) was conducted in 16 localities obtaining 270 symptomatic branches and trunks samples in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The incidence of Botryosphaeria canker and dieback ranged between 5 and 40%, and a total of 255 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. were obtained from 238 cankers. Morphological identification along with phylogenetics studies of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rDNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and part of the beta tubulin (tub2) genes allowed to identify Diplodia mutila (n = 49 isolates), D. seriata (n = 136 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (n = 16 isolates) and Neofusicoccum arbuti (n= 54 isolates). L. theobromae was isolated mainly of apple dieback from northern localities. All pathogens tested were pathogenic, causing canker and dieback symptoms on lignified twigs of apple, pear, walnut, and green grapevine shoots in the field. Isolates of N. arbuti were the most virulent by reproducing more severe cankers on lignified tissues inoculated. This study reports D. mutila and L. theobromae for the first time associated with Botryosphaeria canker and dieback in Chile, and it is the first description of N. arbuti causing apple dieback worldwide.

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A new species and a new combination in the genus Aureoboletus (Boletales, Boletaceae) from southern China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.222.2.5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 222 (2) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nian-Kai Zeng ◽

MING ZHANG ◽

ZHI-QUN Liang

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Southern China ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Line Drawing ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Molecular Data ◽

New Combination ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

A New Species

Two lineages of Aureoboletus (Boletales, Boletaceae) from southern China were revealed by using molecular data based on combined dataset of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA (nrLSU), the translation elongation factor apha-1 (tef1-a) and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb1). One of them corresponds with the previous morphology-based taxon, viz. Boletellus longicollis, another one is different from those taxa described based on morphological features. And, thus, Auroboletus clavatus sp. nov. and A. longicollis comb. nov. were proposed. A detailed description, colour photos of fresh basidiomata, and a line-drawing of microscopic features of the two taxa were provided.

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Redefining genera of cereal pathogens: Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora

Fungal Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.3114/fuse.2021.07.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

P.W. Crous ◽

U. Braun ◽

B.A. McDonald ◽

C.L. Lennox ◽

J. Edwards ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Minor Importance ◽

Ammophila Arenaria ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽

Three New Species

The taxonomy of Oculimacula, Rhynchosporium and Spermospora is re-evaluated, along with that of phylogenetically related genera. Isolates are identified using comparisons of DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), actin (act), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest (rpb1) and second largest subunit (rpb2) genes, and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), combined with their morphological characteristics. Oculimacula is restricted to two species, O. acuformis and O. yallundae, with O. aestiva placed in Cyphellophora, and O. anguioides accommodated in a new genus, Helgardiomyces. Rhynchosporium s. str. is restricted to species with 1-septate conidia and hooked apical beaks, while Rhynchobrunnera is introduced for species with 1–3-septate, straight conidia, lacking any apical beak. Rhynchosporium graminicola is proposed to replace the name R. commune applied to the barley scald pathogen based on nomenclatural priority. Spermospora is shown to be paraphyletic, representing Spermospora (type: S. subulata), with three new species, S. arrhenatheri, S. loliiphila and S. zeae, and Neospermospora gen. nov. (type: N. avenae). Ypsilina (type: Y. graminea), is shown to be monophyletic, but appears to be of minor importance on cereals. Finally, Vanderaaea gen. nov. (type: V. ammophilae), is introduced as a new coelomycetous fungus occurring on dead leaves of Ammophila arenaria.

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New species of Echinoderma and Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.447.4.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 447 (4) ◽

pp. 221-236

Author(s):

YA-JUN HOU ◽

ZAI-WEI GE

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Translation Elongation Factor ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

The Tropics ◽

Elongation Factor 1

Three species of Lepiota sensu lato from China are described and illustrated based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. Echinoderma flavidoasperum and Lepiota omninoflava are new to science, while Lepiota echinacea is newly reported from China. Echinoderma flavidoasperum is characterized by a yellow pileus, nearly smooth stipe that discolors light red when bruised, and subcylindrical basidiospores. Lepiota omninoflava, so far only found in the tropics, is characterized by the yellow basidiomata, ellipsoid basidiospores and the absence of cheilocystidia. All three of the Chinese species are discussed and placed within a phylogeny based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal DNA, the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2).

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Type studies on two Paxillus species (Paxillaceae, Boletales) described from China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.4 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 530 (2) ◽

pp. 177-188

Author(s):

LI-RONG LIU ◽

GENG-SHEN WANG ◽

LIU-KUN JIA ◽

JU-QING KANG ◽

ZHU-LIANG YANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Type Studies ◽

Elongation Factor 1 ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Data

Types and recently collected samples of two Paxillus species namely P. rhytidophyllus and P. yunnanensis, originally described from southwestern China, were critically restudied based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic data of DNA sequences from the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (nrLSU), the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α). The results showed that these two species belong to Boletinellus and Tricholomopsis, respectively. Thus, two new combinations, Boletinellus rhytidophyllus and Tricholomopsis yunnanensis are proposed. Boletinellus rhytidophyllus is characterized by a deeply decurrent and shallow hymenophore which is poroid-lamellate to alveolate, slightly thick-walled (0.6–1 μm) basidiospores, occasionally 2- to 4-spored basidia, rare or infrequent hymenial cystidia, and a trichodermal pileipellis. Tricholomopsis yunnanensis is characterized by a convex pileus densely covered by red-violet to red-brown fibrillose squamules, a yellowish stipe sparsely covered with red to red-brown fibrillose squamules, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, prominent large cheilocystidia measuring 60–195 × 11–39 μm, and a palisadic pileipellis. New descriptions and line drawings of these two species and their comparisons with allied taxa are presented.

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Pleurostoma decline of olive trees caused by Pleurostoma richardsiae in California

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-20-1771-re ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel P. Lawrence ◽

Mohamed Taieb Nouri ◽

Florent P Trouillas

Keyword(s):

Elongation Factor ◽

Its Region ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Translation Elongation Factor ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Nuclear Loci ◽

Olive Trees ◽

First Time ◽

Elongation Factor 1

A single fungal pathogen was consistently isolated from symptomatic wood of olive trees (Olea europaea) displaying branch and trunk cankers in super-high-density orchards in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys of California. Morphological characters of the pathogen included two distinct types of conidia: 1) thick-walled, dark-brown, and globose and 2) thin-walled, hyaline, oblong to ellipsoid and three types of phialides, indicating a pleurostoma-like fungus. Phylogenetic results of four nuclear loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), and partial sequences of the actin, beta-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes confirmed the isolates as Pleurostoma richardsiae. Pathogenicity trials conducted in the field on 2- to 3-year-old branches of three widely planted oil olive cultivars (‘Arbequina’, ‘Arbosana’, and ‘Koroneiki’) satisfied Koch’s postulates and confirmed the pathogenic nature of this species, which is for the first time reported to cause decline of olive trees in California. All three cultivars were equally susceptible to Pl. richardsiae indicating no detectable resistance to the pathogen. Additional isolations from symptomatic hosts including almond, peach, pistachio, and plum also confirmed this species, suggesting that Pl. richardsiae is wide spread in agricultural systems and should be considered an emerging pathogen of fruit and nut crops in California.

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Sympodiomycopsis kandeliae sp. nov., a basidiomycetous anamorphic fungus from mangroves, and reclassification of Sympodiomycopsis lanaiensis as Jaminaea lanaiensis comb. nov.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.021865-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 469-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yu-Hui Wei ◽

Guey-Yuh Liou ◽

Hsin-Yi Liu ◽

Fwu-Ling Lee

Keyword(s):

Type Strain ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Its Region ◽

Hybridization Experiment ◽

New Combination ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

D2 Domain ◽

Anamorphic Fungus

Three ustilaginomycetous anamorphic strains were isolated from flowers of Kandelia candel in mangrove forests of Taiwan. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S-ITS2 and the D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit (LSU) rDNA indicated that the closest recognized species was Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili. The results of a DNA–DNA hybridization experiment and the physiological characteristics showed that the three strains represent a novel species within the genus Sympodiomycopsis. The name Sympodiomycopsis kandeliae sp. nov. is proposed, with FIRDI 007T (=BCRC 23165T =CBS 11676T) as the type strain. In addition, based on phenotypic characteristics and the phylogenetic analyses of the combined sequences of the ITS region and D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA, Sympodiomycopsis lanaiensis was clustered with the genus Jaminaea. A new combination, Jaminaea lanaiensis comb. nov. (type strain LM418T =DSM 18755T =ATCC MYA-4092T =NRRL Y-48466T =CBS 10858T =BCRC 23177T), is proposed.

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Cryptic Diversity, Molecular Systematics, and Pathogenicity of Genus Pestalotiopsis and Allied Genera Causing Gray Blight Disease of Tea in Taiwan, With a Description of a New Pseudopestalotiopsis Species

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-20-1134-re ◽

2020 ◽

pp. PDIS-05-20-1134

Author(s):

Ichen Tsai ◽

Chia-Lin Chung ◽

Shiou-Ruei Lin ◽

Ting-Hsuan Hung ◽

Tang-Long Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Systematics ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Tea Plants ◽

Blight Disease ◽

First Time ◽

Major Pathogens

Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, commonly known as tea, is widely cultivated around the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Tea is mainly manufactured using young shoots of tea plants. Therefore, it is essential to control foliar diseases. Gray blight disease is caused by pestalotiopsis-like taxa and is known as one of the most destructive tea diseases. Although several studies have provided the groundwork for the fungal diseases associated with C. sinensis in Taiwan, gray blight disease has not been characterized based on diversity, molecular systematics, or pathogenicity. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize the causative agents of tea gray blight disease. A total of 98 pestalotiopsis-like isolates associated with symptomatic leaves of C. sinensis from major tea fields in Taiwan were investigated. Based on phylogenies of single and concatenated DNA sequences (internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, translation elongation factor 1-α) together with morphology, we resolved most of the pestalotiopsis-like species in this study. The study revealed seven well-classified taxa and seven tentative clades in three genera: Pestalotiopsis, Pseudopestalotiopsis, and Neopestalotiopsis. One novel species, Pseudopestalotiopsis annellata, was introduced. Five new records, Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Pestalotiopsis camelliae, Pestalotiopsis yanglingensis, and Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola, were introduced for the first time in Taiwan. Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis was the taxon most frequently isolated from C. sinensis in this study. Furthermore, results of pathogenicity assessments exhibited that, with wound inoculation, all assayed isolates in this study were pathogenic on tea leaves. Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis and Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis were identified as the major pathogens associated with gray blight disease of tea in Taiwan. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the diversity, pathogenicity, and characterization of pestalotiopsis-like fungi causing tea gray blight disease in Taiwan.

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