scholarly journals Retrieving Similar Substructures on 3D Neuron Reconstructions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
Yishan He ◽  
Xuefeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Neuron Morphology ◽  
Neuron Reconstruction ◽  
Large Neuron ◽  
And Function

Abstract An accurate neuron reconstruction is very important to understand neuron morphology and function, but it is still a challenging task due to the time consuming of manual tracing and the unsatisfactory accuracy of automatic tracing. One way to address the challenge is generating a reconstruction automatically and then checking and amending the result manually. Aiming at implementing this process efficiently, we propose a pipeline to retrieve substructures on one or more neuron reconstructions, which are very similar to a marked problematic substructure and need to be checked one by one. The pipeline consists of four steps: getting a marked substructure, constructing a query substructure, generating candidate substructures and retrieving most similar substructures. The retrieval procedure was tested on 163 gold standard reconstructions provided by the BigNeuron project and a reconstruction of a mouse’s large neuron. Experimental results showed that the implementation of the proposed methods is very efficient and all retrieved substructures are very similar to the marked one in numbers of nodes and branches, and degree of curvature.

scholarly journals Retrieving similar substructures on 3D neuron reconstructions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
Yishan He ◽  
Xuefeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Neuron Reconstruction ◽  
Large Neuron

Abstract Since manual tracing is time consuming and the performance of automatic tracing is unstable, it is still a challenging task to generate accurate neuron reconstruction efficiently and effectively. One strategy is generating a reconstruction automatically and then amending its inaccurate parts manually. Aiming at finding inaccurate substructures efficiently, we propose a pipeline to retrieve similar substructures on one or more neuron reconstructions, which are very similar to a marked problematic substructure. The pipeline consists of four steps: getting a marked substructure, constructing a query substructure, generating candidate substructures and retrieving most similar substructures. The retrieval procedure was tested on 163 gold standard reconstructions provided by the BigNeuron project and a reconstruction of a mouse’s large neuron. Experimental results showed that the implementation of the proposed methods is very efficient and all retrieved substructures are very similar to the marked one in numbers of nodes and branches, and degree of curvature.

scholarly journals Temporal identity establishes columnar neuron morphology, connectivity, and function in a Drosophila navigation circuit

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F Sullivan ◽  
Timothy L Warren ◽  
Chris Q Doe
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Neuronal Diversity ◽  
Neuron Morphology ◽  
Neuron Number ◽  
Developmental Origin ◽  
Celestial Navigation ◽  
Transient Loss ◽  
Control Adult ◽  
And Function

The insect central complex (CX) is a conserved brain region containing 60 + neuronal subtypes, several of which contribute to navigation. It is not known how CX neuronal diversity is generated or how developmental origin of subtypes relates to function. We mapped the developmental origin of four key CX subtypes and found that neurons with similar origin have similar axon/dendrite targeting. Moreover, we found that the temporal transcription factor (TTF) Eyeless/Pax6 regulates the development of two recurrently-connected CX subtypes: Eyeless loss simultaneously produces ectopic P-EN neurons with normal axon/dendrite projections, and reduces the number of E-PG neurons. Furthermore, transient loss of Eyeless during development impairs adult flies’ capacity to perform celestial navigation. We conclude that neurons with similar developmental origin have similar connectivity, that Eyeless maintains equal E-PG and P-EN neuron number, and that Eyeless is required for the development of circuits that control adult navigation.

Bone Grafts: An Overview of Bone Remodeling, Types and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
pp. 6101-6105
Author(s):  
Gopala Krishna Ganta ◽  
Rama Krishna Alla ◽  
Kamala Cheruvu ◽  
Bharathi Ram Guduri
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

Bone grafts are often used to retrieve the lost bone in the most acceptable, technical and skilful manner that enables to restore the form and function of the bone. Numerous bone graft materials have been developed to fill and/or remodel the bony defects. Though, autografts were considered to be the gold standard among the grafts available; they have got some inherent disadvantages. The current research is more focused on allografts, which addressed the problems associated with autografts. This article provides an insight into the remodeling process, and various types of bone grafts currently available. Also, the emphasis was given on the recent advances of the bone grafts.

Design of diversified teaching platform of college aerobics course based on artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fengping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Network Teaching ◽  
Teaching Platform ◽  
Student Grouping ◽  
Function Module ◽  
And Function

In order to improve the diversified teaching effect of a college aerobics course, effectively improve the accuracy of student grouping on the teaching platform, a diversified teaching platform of college aerobics course based on artificial intelligence is designed. First of all, it puts forward the construction idea and design process of the network teaching platform, then designs the interface and function module of the teaching platform, and finally designs the grouping function of teaching objects, so as to complete the design of the diversified teaching platform of a college aerobics course based on artificial intelligence. The experimental results show that the grouping accuracy of students on the diversified teaching platform of college aerobics course based on artificial intelligence is greater than 75%, and the average score of students studying on the platform is 74.66. This explains why the designed platform can effectively provide the accuracy of grouping and the students’ performance.

scholarly journals Long-Term Neuroinflammation Induced by Influenza A Virus Infection and the Impact on Hippocampal Neuron Morphology and Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 3060-3080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Hosseini ◽  
Esther Wilk ◽  
Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse ◽  
Ingo Gerhauser ◽  
Wolfgang Baumgärtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Hippocampal Neuron ◽  
Neuron Morphology ◽  
Influenza A Virus Infection ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Wavelet transformed Gaussian network model

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhan ◽  
Suhong Li ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Protein Dynamics ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Gaussian Network Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gaussian Network

Accurate prediction of the Debye–Waller temperature factor of proteins is of significant importance in the study of protein dynamics and function. This work explores the utility of wavelets for improving the performance of Gaussian network model (GNM). We propose two wavelet transformed Gaussian network models (wtGNM), namely a scale-one wtGNM and a scale-two wtGNM. Based on a set of 113 protein structures, it shows that the mean correlation with experimental results for the scale-one wtGNM is 0.714 and that for the scale-two wtGNM is 0.738. In contrast, the mean correlation for the original GNM is 0.594. Therefore, the wtGNM is a potential algorithm for improving the GNM prediction of protein B-factors.

scholarly journals Temporal identity establishes columnar neuron morphology, connectivity, and function in a Drosophila navigation circuit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Sullivan ◽  
Timothy L. Warren ◽  
Chris Q. Doe
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Neuronal Diversity ◽  
Neuron Morphology ◽  
Neuron Number ◽  
Developmental Origin ◽  
Celestial Navigation ◽  
Transient Loss ◽  
Control Adult ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe insect central complex (CX) is a conserved brain region containing 60+ neuronal subtypes, several of which contribute to navigation. It is not known how CX neuronal diversity is generated or how developmental origin of subtypes relates to function. We mapped the developmental origin of four key CX subtypes and found that neurons with similar origin have matching axon/dendrite targeting. Moreover, we found that the temporal transcription factor (TTF) Eyeless/Pax6 regulates the development of two recurrently-connected CX subtypes: Eyeless loss simultaneously produces ectopic P-EN neurons with normal axon/dendrite projections, and reduces the number of E-PG neurons. Furthermore, the transient loss of Eyeless during development impairs adult flies’ capacity to perform celestial navigation. We conclude that neurons with similar developmental origin have similar connectivity, that Eyeless maintains equal E-PG and P-EN neuron number, and that Eyeless is required for the development of circuits that control adult navigation.

scholarly journals Better synonyms for enriching biomedical search

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Yeganova ◽  
Sun Kim ◽  
Qingyu Chen ◽  
Grigory Balasanov ◽  
W John Wilbur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Similarity Score ◽  
Isotonic Regression ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Cosine Similarity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Embedding Method ◽  
Embedding Methods

Abstract Objective In a biomedical literature search, the link between a query and a document is often not established, because they use different terms to refer to the same concept. Distributional word embeddings are frequently used for detecting related words by computing the cosine similarity between them. However, previous research has not established either the best embedding methods for detecting synonyms among related word pairs or how effective such methods may be. Materials and Methods In this study, we first create the BioSearchSyn set, a manually annotated set of synonyms, to assess and compare 3 widely used word-embedding methods (word2vec, fastText, and GloVe) in their ability to detect synonyms among related pairs of words. We demonstrate the shortcomings of the cosine similarity score between word embeddings for this task: the same scores have very different meanings for the different methods. To address the problem, we propose utilizing pool adjacent violators (PAV), an isotonic regression algorithm, to transform a cosine similarity into a probability of 2 words being synonyms. Results Experimental results using the BioSearchSyn set as a gold standard reveal which embedding methods have the best performance in identifying synonym pairs. The BioSearchSyn set also allows converting cosine similarity scores into probabilities, which provides a uniform interpretation of the synonymy score over different methods. Conclusions We introduced the BioSearchSyn corpus of 1000 term pairs, which allowed us to identify the best embedding method for detecting synonymy for biomedical search. Using the proposed method, we created PubTermVariants2.0: a large, automatically extracted set of synonym pairs that have augmented PubMed searches since the spring of 2019.

scholarly journals Geometrical models for cardiac MRI in rodents: comparison of quantification of left ventricular volumes and function by various geometrical models with a full-volume MRI data set in rodents

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. H709-H715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke van de Weijer ◽  
Petronella A. van Ewijk ◽  
H. Reinier Zandbergen ◽  
Jos M. Slenter ◽  
Alfons G. Kessels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiac Mri ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cine Mri ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Lv Volumes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Full Volume

MRI has been proven to be an accurate method for noninvasive assessment of cardiac function. One of the current limitations of cardiac MRI is that it is time consuming. Therefore, various geometrical models are used, which can reduce scan and postprocessing time. It is unclear how appropriate their use is in rodents. Left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) were quantified based on 7.0 Tesla cine-MRI in 12 wild-type (WT) mice, 12 adipose triglyceride lipase knockout (ATGL−/−) mice (model of impaired cardiac function), and 11 rats in which we induced cardiac ischemia. The LV volumes and function were either assessed with parallel short-axis slices covering the full volume of the left ventricle (FV, gold standard) or with various geometrical models [modified Simpson rule (SR), biplane ellipsoid (BP), hemisphere cylinder (HC), single-plane ellipsoid (SP), and modified Teichholz Formula (TF)]. Reproducibility of the different models was tested and results were correlated with the gold standard (FV). All models and the FV data set provided reproducible results for the LV volumes and EF, with interclass correlation coefficients ≥0.87. All models significantly over- or underestimated EF, except for SR. Good correlation was found for all volumes and EF for the SR model compared with the FV data set ( R2 ranged between 0.59–0.95 for all parameters). The HC model and BP model also predicted EF well ( R2 ≥ 0.85), although proved to be less useful for quantitative analysis. The SP and TF models correlated poorly with the FV data set ( R2 ≥ 0.45 for EF and R2 ≥ 0.29 for EF, respectively). For the reduction in acquisition and postprocessing time, only the SR model proved to be a valuable method for calculating LV volumes, stroke volume, and EF.

scholarly journals STUDY OF CUTTING AND LABELING OF POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE USING A CO2 LASER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Nikolay Todorov Dolchinkov ◽  
Lyubomir Lazov ◽  
Jordan Shterev Ivanov ◽  
Deyan Dimitrov Nedyalkov ◽  
Lyubomir Ivanov Linkov
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Laser Materials ◽  
Laser Marking ◽  
Laser Equipment ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
And Function

Progress in direct laser marking when processing plastics with unmatched quality of markings, contrast and speed. This article presents the latest generation of laser materials and laser equipment systems. When properly applied, laser marking can provide quality for production and add value to the appearance and function of the product.Describe the parameters influencing the depth of the laser marking of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) products. Experimental results are presented for determining the quality of cuts on the polymer surface at specific parameters - power and speed.

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