520YS , Encoding an Ankyrin Repeat Protein, is Involved in Chloroplast Development in Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingrong Wang ◽  
Fuliang Xiao ◽  
San Wang ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Ankyrin Repeat ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Plastid Differentiation ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract BackgroundThe ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins are widely distributed in organisms ranging from viruses to plants, which play key roles in plastid differentiation, embryogenesis, chloroplast biogenesis and so on. However, only a few ANK genes have been identified in rice.ResultsIn this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 520ys, from japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare through ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis. The mutant exhibited a yellow-green leaf phenotype throughout the life cycle, arrested development of chloroplasts, reduced levels of photosynthetic pigments, and accumulated reactive oxide species. Map-based cloning suggested that the candidate gene was LOC_Os07g33660, which encodes an expressed protein containing one ankyrin repeat and showing sequence similarity with the Arabidopsis LTD/GDC1 (At1g50900). Transgenic complementation experiment confirmed that LOC_Os07g33660 is the causal gene for the mutant type of 520ys. 520YS (LOC_Os07g33660) is mainly expressed in green tissues and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. In 520ys mutant, expression levels of four light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein translocation-related genes and eight photosynthesis-related genes were significantly down-regulated.ConclusionWe characterized a novel ANK gene, 520YS, which plays a key role in chloroplast development in rice.

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of a Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant in Birch (Betula platyphylla × B. Pendula)

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixin Gang ◽  
Guifeng Liu ◽  
Su Chen ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Antenna Proteins ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chl Biosynthesis

Chlorophyll (Chl)-deficient mutants are ideal materials for the study of Chl biosynthesis, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis. Although the genes encoding key enzymes related to Chl biosynthesis have been well-characterized in herbaceous plants, rice (Oryza sativa L.), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and maize (Zea mays L.), yellow-green leaf mutants have not yet been fully studied in tree species. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanism of the leaf color formation in a yellow-green leaf mutant (yl). We investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between yl and control plants (wild type birch (WT) and BpCCR1 overexpression line 11, (C11)) by transcriptome sequencing. Approximately 1163 genes (874 down-regulated and 289 up-regulated) and 930 genes (755 down-regulated and 175 up-regulated) were found to be differentially expressed in yl compared with WT and C11, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs revealed that photosynthesis antenna proteins represent the most significant enriched pathway. The expressions of photosynthesis antenna proteins are crucial to the leaf color formation in yl. We also found that Chl accumulate, leaf anatomical structure, photosynthesis, and growth were affected in yl. Taken together, our results not only provide the difference of phenomenal, physiological, and gene expression characteristics in leaves between yl mutant and control plants, but also provide a new insight into the mutation underlying the chlorotic leaf phenotype in birch.

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys . Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys . OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys ( lil3 chlp ) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys . Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys . OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys ( lil3 chlp ) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

scholarly journals A lil3 chl p double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHL P gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys. Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys. OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys (lil3 chl p) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: Taken together, we succeeded to identify OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys. Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys. OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys (lil3 chlp) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys . Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys . OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys ( lil3 chlp ) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

scholarly journals Two Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membrane Proteins That Facilitate ER-to-Golgi Transport of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Proteins

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang P. Barz ◽  
Peter Walter
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Golgi Transport ◽  
Er Membrane

Many eukaryotic cell surface proteins are anchored in the lipid bilayer through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). GPI anchors are covalently attached in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The modified proteins are then transported through the secretory pathway to the cell surface. We have identified two genes inSaccharomyces cerevisiae, LAG1 and a novel gene termed DGT1 (for “delayed GPI-anchored protein transport”), encoding structurally related proteins with multiple membrane-spanning domains. Both proteins are localized to the ER, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Deletion of either gene caused no detectable phenotype, whereas lag1Δ dgt1Δ cells displayed growth defects and a significant delay in ER-to-Golgi transport of GPI-anchored proteins, suggesting thatLAG1 and DGT1 encode functionally redundant or overlapping proteins. The rate of GPI anchor attachment was not affected, nor was the transport rate of several non–GPI-anchored proteins. Consistent with a role of Lag1p and Dgt1p in GPI-anchored protein transport, lag1Δ dgt1Δ cells deposit abnormal, multilayered cell walls. Both proteins have significant sequence similarity to TRAM, a mammalian membrane protein thought to be involved in protein translocation across the ER membrane. In vivo translocation studies, however, did not detect any defects in protein translocation in lag1Δ dgt1Δcells, suggesting that neither yeast gene plays a role in this process. Instead, we propose that Lag1p and Dgt1p facilitate efficient ER-to-Golgi transport of GPI-anchored proteins.

Identification and Fine Mapping of a Gene Related to Pale Green Leaf Phenotype near the Centromere Region in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Rice Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ZHU ◽  
Wen-zhen LIU ◽  
Chao WU ◽  
Wei-jiang LUAN ◽  
Ya-ping FU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Centromere Region ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Pale Green

scholarly journals Seedling Populations Produced by Colored-leaf Genotypes of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) Contain Seedlings with Green Leaf Phenotype

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Lehrer ◽  
Mark H. Brand ◽  
Jessica D. Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Green Leaf ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Berberis Thunbergii ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Japanese Barberry ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Purple Leaf ◽  
Color Phenotype

Abstract The leaf color of seedling populations derived from ornamental genotypes of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) was evaluated to determine whether nursery selections of this important landscape plant could be expected to produce green-leaf progeny or seedlings with leaf color resembling the purple-leaf or yellow-leaf parent. This is a compelling inquiry since nearly all B. thunbergii plants found within invasive populations possess green foliage and the potential contribution of seedlings by ornamental purple-and yellow-leaf genotypes is unknown. Seed lots collected from cultivated barberry genotypes located in landscape settings were processed and raised in a greenhouse to observe leaf color phenotype. It was found that all genotypes studied produced at least some green seedlings. The percentage of green progeny produced varied widely by genotype. Green-leaf cultivars yielded close to 100% green seedlings and all purple-and yellow-leaf forms produced at least 20% green offspring. Among purple-leaf genotype accessions located adjacent to potential purple-leaf pollen donors, var. atropurpurea produced significantly fewer green seedlings (18.5%) than ‘Crimson Pygmy’ (71%) and ‘Rose Glow’ (45%). ‘Rose Glow’ individuals growing adjacent to other purple Japanese barberry forms produced significantly fewer green seedlings (45%) than ‘Rose Glow’ accessions that were isolated from additional purple Japanese barberry (88%). This study demonstrates that some invasive green-leaf B. thunbergii could be derived from popular garden forms since purple- and yellow-leaf genotypes readily produce green-leaf offspring which resemble feral barberry. These findings do not, however, provide any definitive link between cultivated and naturalized Japanese barberry.

scholarly journals Characterization and Candidate Gene Analysis of the Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant ygl16 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Phyton ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1117
Author(s):  
Linjun Cai ◽  
Junhua Liu ◽  
Han Yun ◽  
Dan Du ◽  
Xiaolong Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gene Analysis ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Candidate Gene Analysis ◽  
Leaf Mutant
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