scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of a Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant in Birch (Betula platyphylla × B. Pendula)

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixin Gang ◽  
Guifeng Liu ◽  
Su Chen ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Antenna Proteins ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chl Biosynthesis

Chlorophyll (Chl)-deficient mutants are ideal materials for the study of Chl biosynthesis, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis. Although the genes encoding key enzymes related to Chl biosynthesis have been well-characterized in herbaceous plants, rice (Oryza sativa L.), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and maize (Zea mays L.), yellow-green leaf mutants have not yet been fully studied in tree species. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanism of the leaf color formation in a yellow-green leaf mutant (yl). We investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between yl and control plants (wild type birch (WT) and BpCCR1 overexpression line 11, (C11)) by transcriptome sequencing. Approximately 1163 genes (874 down-regulated and 289 up-regulated) and 930 genes (755 down-regulated and 175 up-regulated) were found to be differentially expressed in yl compared with WT and C11, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs revealed that photosynthesis antenna proteins represent the most significant enriched pathway. The expressions of photosynthesis antenna proteins are crucial to the leaf color formation in yl. We also found that Chl accumulate, leaf anatomical structure, photosynthesis, and growth were affected in yl. Taken together, our results not only provide the difference of phenomenal, physiological, and gene expression characteristics in leaves between yl mutant and control plants, but also provide a new insight into the mutation underlying the chlorotic leaf phenotype in birch.

scholarly journals De novo transcriptome sequencing and anthocyanin metabolite analysis reveals leaf color of Acer pseudosieboldianum in autumn

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Fu Gao ◽  
Dong-Hui Zhao ◽  
Jia-Qi Zhang ◽  
Jia-Shuo Chen ◽  
Jia-Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Metabolite Analysis ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Content Change ◽  
Final Color

Abstract Background Leaf color is an important ornamental trait of colored-leaf plants. The change of leaf color is closely related to the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves. Acer pseudosieboldianum is a colored-leaf tree native to Northeastern China, however, there was less knowledge in Acer about anthocyanins biosynthesis and many steps of the pathway remain unknown to date. Results Anthocyanins metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted using HPLC and ESI-MS/MS system and high-throughput RNA sequencing respectively. The results demonstrated that five anthocyanins were detected in this experiment. It is worth mentioning that Peonidin O-hexoside and Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside were abundant, especially Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside displayed significant differences in content change at two periods, meaning it may be play an important role for the final color. Transcriptome identification showed that a total of 67.47 Gb of clean data were obtained from our sequencing results. Functional annotation of unigenes, including comparison with COG and GO databases, yielded 35,316 unigene annotations. 16,521 differentially expressed genes were identified from a statistical analysis of differentially gene expression. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H were selected. Also, we screened out the regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40. Combined with the detection of metabolites, the gene pathways related to anthocyanin synthesis were analyzed. Conclusions Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside played an important role for the final color. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H and regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40 were selected. This study enriched the available transcriptome information for A. pseudosieboldianum and identified a series of differentially expressed genes related to leaf color, which provides valuable information for further study on the genetic mechanism of leaf color expression in A. pseudosieboldianum.

520YS , Encoding an Ankyrin Repeat Protein, is Involved in Chloroplast Development in Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingrong Wang ◽  
Fuliang Xiao ◽  
San Wang ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Ankyrin Repeat ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Plastid Differentiation ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract BackgroundThe ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins are widely distributed in organisms ranging from viruses to plants, which play key roles in plastid differentiation, embryogenesis, chloroplast biogenesis and so on. However, only a few ANK genes have been identified in rice.ResultsIn this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 520ys, from japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare through ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis. The mutant exhibited a yellow-green leaf phenotype throughout the life cycle, arrested development of chloroplasts, reduced levels of photosynthetic pigments, and accumulated reactive oxide species. Map-based cloning suggested that the candidate gene was LOC_Os07g33660, which encodes an expressed protein containing one ankyrin repeat and showing sequence similarity with the Arabidopsis LTD/GDC1 (At1g50900). Transgenic complementation experiment confirmed that LOC_Os07g33660 is the causal gene for the mutant type of 520ys. 520YS (LOC_Os07g33660) is mainly expressed in green tissues and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. In 520ys mutant, expression levels of four light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein translocation-related genes and eight photosynthesis-related genes were significantly down-regulated.ConclusionWe characterized a novel ANK gene, 520YS, which plays a key role in chloroplast development in rice.

scholarly journals Seedling Populations Produced by Colored-leaf Genotypes of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) Contain Seedlings with Green Leaf Phenotype

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Lehrer ◽  
Mark H. Brand ◽  
Jessica D. Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Green Leaf ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Berberis Thunbergii ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Japanese Barberry ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Purple Leaf ◽  
Color Phenotype

Abstract The leaf color of seedling populations derived from ornamental genotypes of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) was evaluated to determine whether nursery selections of this important landscape plant could be expected to produce green-leaf progeny or seedlings with leaf color resembling the purple-leaf or yellow-leaf parent. This is a compelling inquiry since nearly all B. thunbergii plants found within invasive populations possess green foliage and the potential contribution of seedlings by ornamental purple-and yellow-leaf genotypes is unknown. Seed lots collected from cultivated barberry genotypes located in landscape settings were processed and raised in a greenhouse to observe leaf color phenotype. It was found that all genotypes studied produced at least some green seedlings. The percentage of green progeny produced varied widely by genotype. Green-leaf cultivars yielded close to 100% green seedlings and all purple-and yellow-leaf forms produced at least 20% green offspring. Among purple-leaf genotype accessions located adjacent to potential purple-leaf pollen donors, var. atropurpurea produced significantly fewer green seedlings (18.5%) than ‘Crimson Pygmy’ (71%) and ‘Rose Glow’ (45%). ‘Rose Glow’ individuals growing adjacent to other purple Japanese barberry forms produced significantly fewer green seedlings (45%) than ‘Rose Glow’ accessions that were isolated from additional purple Japanese barberry (88%). This study demonstrates that some invasive green-leaf B. thunbergii could be derived from popular garden forms since purple- and yellow-leaf genotypes readily produce green-leaf offspring which resemble feral barberry. These findings do not, however, provide any definitive link between cultivated and naturalized Japanese barberry.

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys . Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys . OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys ( lil3 chlp ) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

De novo transcriptome sequencing and anthocyanin metabolite analysis reveals leaf color of Acer pseudosieboldianum in autumn

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-fu Gao ◽  
Dong-hui Zhao ◽  
Jia-qi Zhang ◽  
Jia-shuo Chen ◽  
Liping Rong
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Metabolite Analysis ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Content Change ◽  
Final Color

Abstract Background Leaf color is an important ornamental trait of colored-leaf plants. The change of leaf color is closely related to the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves. Acer pseudosieboldianum is a colored-leaf tree native to Northeastern China, however, there was less knowledge in Acer about anthocyanins biosynthesis and many steps of the pathway remain unknown to date. Results Anthocyanins metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted using HPLC and ESI-MS/MS system and high-throughput RNA sequencing respectively. The results demonstrated that five anthocyanins were detected in this experiment. It is worth mentioning that Peonidin O-hexoside and Cyanidin 3 5-O-diglucoside were abundant, especially Cyanidin 3 5-O-diglucoside displayed significant differences in content change at two periods, meaning it may be play an important role for the final color. Transcriptome identification showed that a total of 67.47 Gb of clean data were obtained from our sequencing results. Functional annotation of unigenes, including comparison with COG and GO databases, yielded 35,316 unigene annotations. 16,521 differentially expressed genes were identified from a statistical analysis of differentially gene expression. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H were selected. Also, we screened out the regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40. Combined with the detection of metabolites, the gene pathways related to anthocyanin synthesis were analyzed. Conclusion Cyanidin 3, 5-O-diglucoside played an important role for the final color. The genes related to leaf color formation including PAL, ANS, DFR, F3H and regulatory genes such as MYB, bHLH and WD40 were selected. This study enriched the available transcriptome information for A. pseudosieboldianum and identified a series of differentially expressed genes related to leaf color, which provides valuable information for further study on the genetic mechanism of leaf color expression in A. pseudosieboldianum.

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys . Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys . OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys ( lil3 chlp ) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes related to the physiological changes of yellow-green leaf mutant of maize

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10567
Author(s):  
Tingchun Li ◽  
Huaying Yang ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Qing Dong ◽  
Guihu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Chlorophylls, green pigments in chloroplasts, are essential for photosynthesis. Reduction in chlorophyll content may result in retarded growth, dwarfism, and sterility. In this study, a yellow-green leaf mutant of maize, indicative of abnormity in chlorophyll content, was identified. The physiological parameters of this mutant were measured. Next, global gene expression of this mutant was determined using transcriptome analysis and compared to that of wild-type maize plants. The yellow-green leaf mutant of maize was found to contain lower contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid compounds. It contained fewer active PSII centers and displayed lower values of original chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than the wild-type plants. The real-time fluorescence yield, the electron transport rate, and the net photosynthetic rate of the mutant plants showed reduction as well. In contrast, the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII of the mutant plants was similar to that of the wild-type plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the mutant plants and wild-type plants led to the identification of differentially expressed 1,122 genes, of which 536 genes were up-regulated and 586 genes down-regulated in the mutant. Five genes in the chlorophyll metabolism pathway, nine genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and seven genes related to the conversion of sucrose to starch displayed down-regulated expression. In contrast, genes encoding a photosystem II reaction center PsbP family protein and the PGR5-like protein 1A (PGRL1A) exhibited increased transcript abundance.

scholarly journals Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with the Cabbage Yellow-Green-Leaf Mutant in the ygl-1 Mapping Interval with Recombination Suppression

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
Hailong Yu ◽  
Fengqing Han ◽  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Zhiyuan Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Recombination Suppression ◽  
Leaf Mutant ◽  
Positional Mapping ◽  
Two Populations

Although the genetics and preliminary mapping of the cabbage yellow-green-leaf mutant YL-1 has been extensively studied, transcriptome profiling associated with the yellow-green-leaf mutant of YL-1 has not been discovered. Positional mapping with two populations showed that the yellow-green-leaf gene ygl-1 is located in a recombination-suppressed genomic region. Then, a bulk segregant RNA-seq (BSR) was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using an F3 population (YL-1 × 11-192) and a BC2 population (YL-1 × 01-20). Among the 37,286 unique genes, 5730 and 4118 DEGs were detected between the yellow-leaf and normal-leaf pools from the F3 and BC2 populations. BSR analysis with four pools greatly reduced the number of common DEGs from 4924 to 1112. In the ygl-1 gene mapping region with suppressed recombination, 43 common DEGs were identified. Five of the DEGs were related to chloroplasts, including the down-regulated Bo1g087310, Bo1g094360, and Bo1g098630 and the up-regulated Bo1g059170 and Bo1g098440. The Bo1g098440 and Bo1g098630 genes were excluded by qRT-PCR. Hence, we inferred that these three DEGs (Bo1g094360, Bo1g087310, and Bo1g059170) in the mapping interval may be tightly associated with the development of the yellow-green-leaf mutant phenotype.

scholarly journals A lil3 chl p double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background: Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHL P gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results: In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys. Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys. OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys (lil3 chl p) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions: Taken together, we succeeded to identify OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

scholarly journals A lil3 chlp double mutant with exclusive accumulation of geranylgeranyl chlorophyll displays a lethal phenotype in rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jihong Pan ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Mutant ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Leaf Mutant

Abstract Background Phytyl residues are the common side chains of chlorophyll (Chl) and tocopherols. Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR), which is encoded by CHLP gene, is responsible for phytyl biosynthesis. The light-harvesting like protein LIL3 was suggested to be required for stability of GGR and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in Arabidopsis. Results In this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 637ys, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant accumulated majority of Chls with unsaturated geranylgeraniol side chains and displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype through the whole growth period. The development of chloroplasts was suppressed, and the major agronomic traits, especially No. of productive panicles per plant and of spikelets per panicle, dramatically decreased in 637ys. Besides, the mutant exhibited to be sensitive to light intensity and deficiency of tocopherols without obvious alteration in tocotrienols in leaves and grains. Map-based cloning and complementation experiment demonstrated that a point mutation on the OsLIL3 gene accounted for the mutant phenotype of 637ys. OsLIL3 is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the 637ys 502ys (lil3 chlp) double mutant exclusively accumulated geranylgeranyl Chl and exhibited lethality at the three-leaf stage. Conclusions We identified the OsLIL3 gene through a map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that OsLIL3 is of extreme importance to the function of OsGGR, and that the complete replacement of phytyl side chain of chlorophyll by geranylgeranyl chain could be fatal to plant survival in rice.

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