Soil carbon and nitrogen regulation using organic and inorganic fertilizers for leaf physiological activity, grain yield and nutritional quality improvements in rice

Abstract Organic fertilizers are widely used in agriculture production and change the soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, thus improving crop production. The increased amount of soil C and N exhibit a greater potential to improve the leaf physiological activity, yields and grain quality of rice by improving soil fertility indices. To understand the relationship between soil C and N contents with leaf physiological activity and grain quality; organic fertilizers (i.e., cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM)) coupled with chemical fertilizer (CF) was applied at the different proportion. The recommended rate of N 150 (kg ha−1) was provided from manure and CF using six treatments, i.e., T1— CF0; T2—100% CF; T3—60% CM + 40% CF; T4—30% CM + 70%CF; T5—60% PM + 40% CF, and T6—30% PM + 70% CF. Results showed that soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), SPAD values, grain yield and grain quality attributes were significantly increased with combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application. Averaged over the years, T6 treatment significantly improved SOC, TN, Pn, starch content (SC), amylose content (AC), and grain yield by 16%, 12%, 9%, 7%, 12%, and 24%, respectively, compared to CF-only. However, no significant differences among T4 and T6 were observed for studied parameters. In addition, the linear regression exhibited that SOC (R2= 0.70** & R2=0.50*) and TN (R2= 0.62* & R2=0.58*) were positively correlated with grain SC and AC, respectively. Likewise, Pn (R2= 0.51* & R2=0.62*) were also positively associated with SC and AC, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that improving SOC and TN played a key role in enhancing leaf physiological activity and grain nutritional quality. Thus, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers at a 30:70 ratio is a promising option for the improvement of soil fertility and grain yield of rice as well as grain nutritional traits.

Download Full-text

Effects of prescribed burning on soil fertility and carbon dynamics in pre-littoral Mediterranean mountain pastures

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20289 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

José Manjón-Cabeza ◽

Mercedes Ibáñez ◽

Antonio Rodríguez ◽

Maria Josep Broncano ◽

Josepa Plaixats ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Prescribed Burning ◽

Management Tool ◽

Pteridium Aquilinum ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Sampling Point ◽

Soil C ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N ◽

Vegetation Patches

Prescribed burning is a management tool used in the last years to prevent the invasion of woody vegetation in pastureland, decreasing the risk of extensive wildfires in vulnerable areas. Nevertheless, the effect of this practice in the soil is not yet fully understood, and more information is needed to ameliorate management practices. In order to understand how prescribed fire affect soil fertility, and the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in pastures invaded by shrubs in Mediterranean areas, we carried out an experiment in Montseny, an acidic pre-littoral mountain range northern Barcelona (NE Iberian Peninsula). This area has experienced a decrease in traditional sheep stocks and therefore pastures endure strong shrub encroachment. We wanted to know: 1) what are the effects of prescribed burning on soil fertility in acidic Mediterranean pastures? and 2) are there legacy effects of the previous vegetation patches on the soil C and N cycles after prescribed burning? To answer those questions, we sampled soils before and after prescribed burning of a pasture heavily invaded by shrubs. Soils were sampled under six canopy types: Erica scoparia-dominated patches, Calluna vulgaris-dominated patches, Cytisus scoparius-dominated patches, Pteridium aquilinum-dominated patches and Cladonia-dominated biological crusts. The exact soil sampling point was recorded by a highly precise GPS, and each point resampled few days and six months after burning. As expected, soil fertility parameters varied with burning, including losses in soil phosphorus and nitrogen. In addition, several soil C and N parameters responded to the previous vegetation patches, including shifts in soil C and N concentration.

Download Full-text

Effect of Organic Amendments on the Productivity of Rainfed Lowland Rice in the Kilombero Floodplain of Tanzania

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1280

Author(s):

Julius Kwesiga ◽

Kristina Grotelüschen ◽

Kalimuthu Senthilkumar ◽

Daniel Neuhoff ◽

Thomas F. Döring ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Lowland Rice ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Soil C ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N

Organic amendments can reportedly sustain and increase lowland rice productivity in smallholder systems. Few studies have assessed locally-available substrates in hydrologically variable floodplain environments. We investigated the effects of green and farmyard manures on rice yields, and total soil C and N in the Kilombero floodplain, Tanzania. At both the fringe and the middle positions, five treatments were applied in 2016 and 2017, comprising (1) non-amended control, (2) farmyard manure, (3) pre-rice legumes, (4) post-rice legumes and (5) a combination of green and farmyard manures. Residual treatment effects were assessed in 2018 when rice plots were uniformly non-amended. Depending on the year and the position, organic amendments increased rice grain yields by 0.7–3.1 Mg ha–1 above the non-amended control. Sole green and farmyard manure applications had similar effects on grain yield, while a combination of green and farmyard manure led to a significant increase in grain yield above both the control and sole applications of organic amendments in both years. The contribution from biological N2 fixation by legumes ranged from 4 to 61 kg N ha–1. Despite partial N balances being mostly negative, we observed positive residual effects on the yield of the non-amended rice in the third year. Such effects reached up to 4 Mg ha−1 and were largest with post-rice legumes, sole or combined with farmyard manure. Irrespective of the position in the floodplain, manures significantly increased soil C and N contents after two years, hence enhancing soil fertility and resulting in increased rice grain yields. Comparable benefits may be obtained along the hydrological gradients of other large river floodplains of the region and beyond.

Download Full-text

INTERCROPPING AND N FERTILIZATION EFFECTS ON STRIGA INFESTATION, SOIL C AND N AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE IN THE SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA

Journal of Plant Development ◽

10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.876 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 97-108

Author(s):

Moses Samuel BASSEY ◽

Joy Ekaette ETOPOBONG ◽

Bigun Ishaku PONMAN ◽

Sheriff Adam BADOM ◽

Aliyu USMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Soil C ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N ◽

Fertilization Effects

Download Full-text

SOIL C AND N AS INDICATORS OF VINEYARD SOIL QUALITY IN THE RAVNI KOTARI REGION OF CROATIA

10.1130/abs/2020se-345231 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sonia C. Clemens ◽

◽

Mia Brkljaca ◽

Delaina Pearson ◽

C. Brannon Andersen

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Soil C ◽

Vineyard Soil ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N

Download Full-text

Spatially Related Sampling Uncertainty in the Assessment of Labile Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in an Irish Forest Plantation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11052139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2139

Author(s):

Junliang Zou ◽

Bruce Osborne

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variability ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Limited Information ◽

Sampling Area ◽

Soil C ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N ◽

Highly Correlated

The importance of labile soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil biogeochemical processes is now well recognized. However, the quantification of labile soil C and N in soils and the assessment of their contribution to ecosystem C and N budgets is often constrained by limited information on spatial variability. To address this, we examined spatial variability in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) in a Sitka spruce forest in central Ireland. The results showed moderate variations in the concentrations of DOC and DTN based on the mean, minimum, and maximum, as well as the coefficients of variation. Residual values of DOC and DTN were shown to have moderate spatial autocorrelations, and the nugget sill ratios were 0.09% and 0.10%, respectively. Distribution maps revealed that both DOC and DTN concentrations in the study area decreased from the southeast. The variability of both DOC and DTN increased as the sampling area expanded and could be well parameterized as a power function of the sampling area. The cokriging technique performed better than the ordinary kriging for predictions of DOC and DTN, which are highly correlated. This study provides a statistically based assessment of spatial variations in DOC and DTN and identifies the sampling effort required for their accurate quantification, leading to improved assessments of forest ecosystem C and N budgets.

Download Full-text

Impacts of irrigation on soil C and N stocks in grazed grasslands depends on aridity and irrigation duration

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 399 ◽

pp. 115109

Author(s):

Paul L. Mudge ◽

Jamie Millar ◽

Jack Pronger ◽

Alesha Roulston ◽

Veronica Penny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil C ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N

Download Full-text

C and N urban soil budget and its spatial differentiation in comparison with natural areas in the Wroclaw region of Poland

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184500085 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 00085

Author(s):

Izabela Sówka ◽

Yaroslav Bezyk ◽

Maxim Dorodnikov

Keyword(s):

Urban Soil ◽

Spatial Differentiation ◽

Clay Content ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Soil C ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N ◽

Natural Grassland

An assessment of C and N balance in urban soil compared to the natural environment was carried out to evaluate the influence of biological processes along with human-induced forcing. Soil C and N stocks were quantified on the samples (n=18) collected at 5 - 10 cm depth from dominated green areas and arable lands in the city of Wroclaw (Poland) and the relatively natural grassland located ca. 36 km south-west. Higher soil carbon and nitrogen levels (C/N ratio = 11.8) and greater microbial biomass C and N values (MBC = 95.3, MBN = 14.4 mg N kg-1) were measured in natural grassland compared with the citywide lawn sites (C/N ratio = 15.17, MBC = 84.3 mg C kg-1, MBN = 11.9 mg N kg-1), respectively. In contrast to the natural areas, the higher C and N concentration was measured in urban grass dominated soils (C = 2.7 % and N = 0.18 % of dry mass), which can be explained mainly due to the high soil bulk density and water holding capacity (13.8 % clay content). The limited availability of soil C and N content was seen under the arable soil (C = 1.23 %, N = 0.13 %) than in the studied grasslands. In fact, the significantly increased C/N ratios in urban grasslands are largely associated with land conversion and demonstrate that urban soils have the potential to be an important reservoir of C.

Download Full-text

Simulation of protozoa-induced mineralization of bacterial carbon and nitrogen

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss92-020 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 201-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P. M. Rutherford ◽

N. G. Juma

Keyword(s):

N Mineralization ◽

Ecological Research ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Glucose Addition ◽

Soil C ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N ◽

Typic Cryoboroll ◽

Bacterial C

Modelling in soil ecological research is a means of linking the dynamics of microbial and faunal populations to soil processes. The objectives of this study were (i) to simulate bacterial-protozoan interactions and flows of C and N in clay loam Orthic Black Chernozemic soil under laboratory condtions; and (ii) to quantify the flux of C and N (inputs and outputs) through various pools using the simulation model. The unique features of this model are: (i) it combines the food chain with specific soil C and N pools, and (ii) it simultaneously traces the flows of C, 14C, N and 15N. It was possible to produce a model that fitted the data observed for the soil. The simulated CO2-C evolved during the first 12 d was due mainly to glucose addition (171 μg C g−1 soil) and cycling of C in the soil (160 μg C g−1 soil). During this interval, bacterial C uptake was 5.5-fold greater than the initial bacterial C pool size. In the first 12 d protozoa directly increased total CO2-C evolution by 11% and increased NH4-N mineralization 3-fold, compared to soil containing only bacteria. Mineralization of C and N was rapid when bacterial numbers were increased as a result of glucose addition. Key words: Acanthamoeba sp., modelling, N mineralization-immobilization, organic matter, Pseudomonas sp., Typic Cryoboroll

Download Full-text

Soil C and N cycling in three semiarid vegetation types: Response to an in situ pulse of plant detritus

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.07.015 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 2678-2685 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Toby D. Hooker ◽

John M. Stark

Keyword(s):

N Cycling ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Soil C ◽

Plant Detritus ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N ◽

C And N Cycling

Download Full-text

Patterns of water infiltration and soil degradation over a 120-yr chronosequence from forest to agriculture in western Kenya

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-8-6993-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 6993-7015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Nyberg ◽

A. Bargués Tobella ◽

J. Kinyangi ◽

U. Ilstedt

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Degradation ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Native Forest ◽

Western Kenya ◽

Soil C ◽

Soil C And N ◽

C And N

Abstract. Soil degradation is commonly reported in the tropics where forest is converted to agriculture. Much of the native forest in the highlands of western Kenya has been converted to agricultural land in order to feed the growing population, and more land is being cleared. In tropical Africa, this land use change results in progressive soil degradation, as the period of cultivation increases. Sites that were converted to agriculture at different times can be evaluated as a chronosequence; this can aid in our understanding of the processes at work, particularly those in the soil. Both levels and variation of infiltration, soil carbon and other parameters are influenced by management within agricultural systems, but they have rarely been well documented in East Africa. We constructed a chronosequence for an area of western Kenya, using two native forest sites and six fields that had been converted to agriculture for varying lengths of time. We assessed changes in infiltrability (the steady-state infiltration rate), soil C and N, bulk density, δ13C, and the proportion of macro- and microaggregates in soil along a 119 yr chronosequence of conversion from natural forest to agriculture. Infiltration, soil C and N, decreased rapidly after conversion, while bulk density increased. Median infiltration rates fell to about 15 % of the initial values in the forest and C and N values dropped to around 60 %, whilst the bulk density increased by 50 %. Despite high spatial variability in infiltrability, these parameters correlated well with time since conversion and with each other. Our results indicate that landscape planners should include wooded elements in the landscape in sufficient quantity to ensure water infiltration at rates that prevent runoff and erosion. This should be the case for restoring degraded landscapes, as well as for the development of new agricultural areas.

Download Full-text