scholarly journals Multilayer Site Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya): Preliminary Results of the Study of Cultural Layers 3 and 4

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-140
Author(s):  
Vikulova Natalia O. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Man In The Middle ◽  
Middle Period ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Cultural Layers

The Chikoy archaeological expedition led by M. V. Konstantinova has been studying the Ust-Menzinsky archaeological complex in the territory of Western Transbaikalia since 1980. Particular attention is paid to the study of Paleolithic monuments within the framework of multilayer objects. They represent a unique opportunity for reconstructing the variability and continuity of paleotechnologies, as well as paleogeographic and paleoclimatic conditions of the Late Pleistocene. Of particular interest is the settlement of Ust-Menza-5, located on the IV terrace with a height of 20–22 m. In 2012, a systematic study of even higher levels of Ust-Menza began. As a result of these works, the sites Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya) and Ust-Menza 15 (Kedrovaya) were studied. In the framework of this article, we will consider the preliminary results of the study of cultural layers 3 and 4 of the multilayer site Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya). As a result of studies of the site, carried out at an altitude of 32 m above the Menza river edge, within the framework of an excavation of 100 m2, 7 cultural layers were identified, deposits 8 m thick were studied. Cultural layers 3 and 4 were attributed to two generations of ancient man in the middle pore of the upper Paleolithic in the range of 19–27 thousand years ago. This period is the least studied within the periodization of the Stone Age of Transbaikalia. The results of the study of cultural layers 3 and 4 of Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdeva) make it possible to actualize and significantly supplement the ideas about the variability of the stone industries of Transbaikalia in the final of MIS 3 ‒ the first half of MIS 2. The author took an active part in fieldwork, office processing, preparation of scientific reports and analysis of the revealed materials. Keywords: Western Transbaikal, Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya), multilayer site, Middle period of the Upper Paleolithic, stone inventory, stratigraphy, absolute dating

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene age and archaeological context for the hominin calvaria from GvJm-22 (Lukenya Hill, Kenya)

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 2682-2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Tryon ◽  
Isabelle Crevecoeur ◽  
J. Tyler Faith ◽  
Ravid Ekshtain ◽  
Joelle Nivens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Middle And Late Pleistocene ◽  
Age Range

Kenya National Museums Lukenya Hill Hominid 1 (KNM-LH 1) is a Homo sapiens partial calvaria from site GvJm-22 at Lukenya Hill, Kenya, associated with Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological deposits. KNM-LH 1 is securely dated to the Late Pleistocene, and samples a time and region important for understanding the origins of modern human diversity. A revised chronology based on 26 accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates on ostrich eggshells indicates an age range of 23,576–22,887 y B.P. for KNM-LH 1, confirming prior attribution to the Last Glacial Maximum. Additional dates extend the maximum age for archaeological deposits at GvJm-22 to >46,000 y B.P. (>46 kya). These dates are consistent with new analyses identifying both Middle Stone Age and LSA lithic technologies at the site, making GvJm-22 a rare eastern African record of major human behavioral shifts during the Late Pleistocene. Comparative morphometric analyses of the KNM-LH 1 cranium document the temporal and spatial complexity of early modern human morphological variability. Features of cranial shape distinguish KNM-LH 1 and other Middle and Late Pleistocene African fossils from crania of recent Africans and samples from Holocene LSA and European Upper Paleolithic sites.

scholarly journals Paleoclimatic Implications of Radiocarbon Dating Of Speleothems from the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, Southern Poland

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Mieczysław F. Pazdur ◽  
Jacek Pawlyta ◽  
Andrzej Górny ◽  
Michał Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
Geological Museum ◽  
Paleoclimatic Records ◽  
Age Range

We report preliminary results of a long-term systematic study intended to gather paleoclimatic records from precisely dated speleothems. The research project is limited to speleothems deposited in caves of the Cracow-Wieluń Upland, the largest and best-explored karst region in Poland, covering ca. 2900 km2 with >1000 caves. Speleothem samples were selected from collections of the Geological Museum of the Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Cracow. Radiocarbon dates of these samples from ca. 45–20 ka bp almost exactly coincide with age range of the Interplenivistulian. A break in speleothem formation between ca. 20 and 10 ka bp may be interpreted as a result of serious climatic deterioration associated with the maximum extent of the last glaciation. We observed differences among 14C, U/Th and AAR dating results. Changes of δ13C and δ18O in speleothems that grew between ca. 30 and 20 ka bp may be interpreted as changes of paleoclimatic conditions.

scholarly journals Radiocaron Dates and Archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese Islands

Radiocarbon ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Ono ◽  
Hiroyuki Sato ◽  
Takashi Tsutsumi ◽  
Yuichiro Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
New World ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Japanese Islands ◽  
Late Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Early Upper

We discuss the radiocarbon chronology of Late Pleistocene archaeology in the Japanese islands. In sum, 429 samples from more than 100 archaeological sites were compiled and then divided into three periods and four stages. The Early Upper Paleolithic, characterized by Trapezoid industries, lasted during approximately 34-26 ka. The Late Upper Paleolithic period includes both the backed-blade stage and point-tool stage, the latter appearing chronologically later than the former. This stage covers ~25–15 ka. The Final Upper Paleolithic and Incipient Jomon are distinguished by the appearance of microblade industries and the emergence of pottery at the end of this period. This period covers approximately 14-12 ka. The microblade tradition, in the broadest sense, is strongly connected to the background of peopling of the New World. New data on the transitional stage from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic are also discussed in regards to three archaeological sites. Issues on the application of the 14C calibration to the whole Japanese Upper Paleolithic are critically evaluated.

scholarly journals Phytolith Palaeoenvironments at Mumba Rock Shelter

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Mercader ◽  
Siobhán Clarke ◽  
Makarius Itambu ◽  
Abdallah Mohamed ◽  
Musa Mwitondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Later Stone Age ◽  
Rock Shelter ◽  
Shelter Site ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Plant Habitat

The rock shelter site of Mumba in northern Tanzania plays a pivotal role in the overall study of the late Pleistocene archaeology of East Africa with an emphasis on the Middle to Later Stone Age transition. We used phytolith analysis to reconstruct general plant habitat physiognomy around the site from the onset of the late Pleistocene to recent times, tallying 4246 individual phytoliths from 19 archaeological samples. Statistical analysis explored phytolith richness, diversity, dominance, and evenness, along with principal components to compare phytolith distributions over the site’s sequence with known plant habitats today. Generally, the phytolith record of Mumba signifies paleoenvironments with analogs in the Somalia – Masai bushland and grassland, as well as Zambezian woodlands.

scholarly journals Topical issues in the study of the early Aeneolithic of the Don forest-steppe (chronology, periodization, synchronization)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Andrey Mikhailovich Skorobogatov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
East European ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Tripolye Culture

For a long time, the Eneolithic of the Don forest-steppe remained one of the least studied epochs in the archaeological scheme of the region. However, since the late 1960s, sites with materials of the Eneolithic have been actively explored on the territory of the Voronezh and Lipetsk Regions. By the 1980s, researchers had a concept for the development of copper-stone age cultures within the system of the Mariupol cultural-historical region of the Dnieper-Don-Ural interfluve, which is still relevant today. The criteria for distinguishing the Eneolithic era in the steppe and forest-steppe spaces of the East European steppe and forest-steppe were substantiated. The idea of their synchronization with complexes of the Tripolye A period was designated. The early Eneolithic in the Don forest-steppe was marked by the appearance of a population with specific ceramics of Nizhnedonskaya culture. Questions of the chronology of the early Eneolithic were solved exclusively by methods of analogies with the materials of neighboring territories and synchronization with the local Neolithic complexes. The paper deals with the problems of chronology, periodization and synchronization of materials from the early Aeneolithic of the territory of the Don forest-steppe. The focus is on the absolute dating of the Nizhnedonskaya culture of the Mariupol cultural-historical region and its synchronization with the early Tripolye Culture. According to all the data available to date, the regions early Eneolithic can be dated from 5300 to 4250 BC.

scholarly journals Human social organization during the Late Pleistocene: Beyond the nomadic-egalitarian model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manvir Singh ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Human History ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Social Variation

Many researchers assume that until 10-12,000 years ago, humans lived in small, mobile, relatively egalitarian bands composed mostly of kin. This “nomadic-egalitarian model” informs evolutionary explanations of behavior and our understanding of how contemporary societies differ from those of our evolutionary past. Here, we synthesize research challenging this model and propose an alternative, the diverse histories model, to replace it. We outline the limitations of using recent foragers as models of Late Pleistocene societies and the considerable social variation among foragers commonly considered small-scale, mobile, and egalitarian. We review ethnographic and archaeological findings covering 34 world regions showing that non-agricultural peoples often live in groups that are more sedentary, unequal, large, politically stratified, and capable of large-scale cooperation and resource management than is normally assumed. These characteristics are not restricted to extant Holocene hunter-gatherers but, as suggested by archaeological findings from 27 Middle Stone Age sites, likely characterized societies throughout the Late Pleistocene (until c. 130 ka), if not earlier. These findings have implications for how we understand human psychological adaptations and the broad trajectory of human history.

scholarly journals Combined use of relative and absolute dating techniques for detecting signals of Alpine landscape evolution during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene

Geomorphology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Favilli ◽  
Markus Egli ◽  
Dagmar Brandova ◽  
Susan Ivy-Ochs ◽  
Peter Kubik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Alpine Landscape

Hunter–gatherer subsistence at the end of the Pleistocene: preliminary results from Picareiro Cave, Central Portugal

Antiquity ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (285) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Ferreira Bicho ◽  
Bryan Hockett ◽  
Jonathan Haws ◽  
William Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Central Portugal ◽  
Preliminary Study

Excavation at the site of Picareiro Cave in Portugal provides an important and rare sample of animal remains. Preliminary study shows that late Pleistocene hunter–gatherers hunted rabbits, deer and a wide variety of fauna, perhaps during seasonal occupation of the cave.

scholarly journals Morphology and structure ofHomo erectushumeri from Zhoukoudian, Locality 1

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Xing ◽  
Kristian J. Carlson ◽  
Pianpian Wei ◽  
Jianing He ◽  
Wu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Multiple Regions

BackgroundRegional diversity in the morphology of theH. erectuspostcranium is not broadly documented, in part, because of the paucity of Asian sites preserving postcranial fossils. Yet, such an understanding of the initial hominin taxon to spread throughout multiple regions of the world is fundamental to documenting the adaptive responses to selective forces operating during this period of human evolution.MethodsThe current study reports the first humeral rigidity and strength properties of East AsianH. erectusand places its diaphyseal robusticity into broader regional and temporal contexts. We estimate true cross-sectional properties of Zhoukoudian Humerus II and quantify new diaphyseal properties of Humerus III using high resolution computed tomography. Comparative data for AfricanH. erectusand Eurasian Late PleistoceneH. sapienswere assembled, and new data were generated from two modern Chinese populations.ResultsDifferences between East Asian and AfricanH. erectuswere inconsistently expressed in humeral cortical thickness. In contrast, East AsianH. erectusappears to exhibit greater humeral robusticity compared to AfricanH. erectuswhen standardizing diaphyseal properties by the product of estimated body mass and humeral length. East AsianH. erectushumeri typically differed less in standardized properties from those of side-matched Late Pleistocene hominins (e.g., Neanderthals and more recent Upper Paleolithic modern humans) than did AfricanH. erectus, and often fell in the lower range of Late Pleistocene humeral rigidity or strength properties.DiscussionQuantitative comparisons indicate that regional variability in humeral midshaft robusticity may characterizeH. erectusto a greater extent than presently recognized. This may suggest a temporal difference withinH. erectus, or possibly different ecogeographical trends and/or upper limb loading patterns across the taxon. Both discovery and analysis of more adultH. erectushumeri are critical to further evaluating and potentially distinguishing between these possibilities.

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