Density currents in the deeper zones of clarifiers and currents in the clear water zone have a significant influence on clarifier performance. Measurements of flow velocity profiles were conducted in full-scale horizontally flown circular secondary clarifiers. Relations between the hydraulic load and the development of density currents could be detected. Those patterns are not taken into account in current design procedures. Stationary design approaches are mainly based on the overflow rate. Novel design methods based on the dynamic behavior of flow and density distribution in clarifiers are needed in order to improve the efficacy of wastewater treatment systems.
