Inclusion double light refraction the apoplast in shoots development structure the Picea obovata and P. abies (Pinaceae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Б. Скупченко
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Young Shoot ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Light Refraction ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Development Structure ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Включения апопласта с двойным светопреломлением (ВАДС) обнаружены в паренхиме коры укороченного стебля зрелой почки. Исследование этих включений в электронном микроскопе показало, что они содержат электронопрозрачные компоненты, которые погружены в осмиофильную электроноплотную среду. Двойным светопреломлением включений оболочек клеток обладает липидный компонент, в кристаллической форме составляющий их наибольшую часть. В формирующихся побегах ВАДС появляются вначале ранней весной в зачатках хвои. Затем ВАДС накапливаются в меристеме коровой паренхимы укороченного стебля новой терминальной почки. В последующем ВАДС откладываются в паренхиме коры удлиненного стебля охвоенной части молодого побега, который при этом включается в активный продольный рост. ВАДС, появившиеся в зонах активного роста тканей, остаются в них продолжительное время. В мезофилле хвои ВАДС располагаются на оболочках клеток, в основном обращенных к полостям межклетников. Вероятно, в начале своего появления ВАДС образуют некоторый фонд метаболитов, участвующих в поддержании активных ростовых процессов меристем, расположенных под покровами почки. В дальнейшем, они могут представлять собой место депонирования метаболитов, выводимых из обмена веществ. Значительное накопление ВАДС, имеющих липофильное окружение, может вызвать торможение транспирации хвои и газообмена клеток мезофилла. Возможно, накопление ВАДС представляет собой один из факторов старения хвои и паренхимных тканей коры побегов. Inclusion double light refraction the apoplast (VADS) are discovered in parenchyma cortexes shortcut stem mature bud. The research of these inclusion in electronic microscope has shown that they contain the electrontransparent components, which are shipped in osmiofil electrondencity ambience. Double light refraction inclusion cell walls hutches possesses lipid component in crystalline form forming their most part. In development shoot VADS appear the early springtime in primordium needls. Then VADS are accumulated in meristem cortexes parenchyma shortcut stem new terminal bud. In the following VADS are postponed in parenchyma cortexes stem needls part of the young shoot, which is herewith included in active longitudal growing. VADS, come up for zone of the active growing fabric, remain long-lasting time in them. In mesophyll pine-needles VADS are situated on the walls of cells, basically turned to intercellular spaces. Probably, at the beginning initially its appearances VADS form certain fund a metabolities, participating in maintenance active growing processes meristems, located under cover of the bud. Hereinafter, they can present itself place of the deposition metabolities, taken out from metabolism. The Significant accumulation VADS, having lipophyl encirclement, can cause the braking an transpiration to pine-needles and gas exchange of the cells mesophyll. Possible, accumulation VADS presents itself one of the factor of the ageing to pine-needles and parenchym tissues of the shoot cortex.

Morphological peculiarities of seeds of some species of the genus Epipactis Zinn. (Orchidaceae Juss.) of Ukrainian flora

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
T Ljubka ◽  
O Tsarenko ◽  
I Tymchenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Generative Organs

The investigation of macro- and micromorphological peculiarities of seeds of four species of genus Epipactis (Orchidaceae) of Ukrainian flora were carried out. The genus Epipactis is difficult in the in in taxonomic terms and for its representatives are characterized by polymorphism of morphological features of vegetative and generative organs of plants and ability of species to hybridize. The aim of the research was to perform a comparative morphological study of seeds of E. helleborine, E. albensis, E. palustris, E. purpurata and to determine carpological features that could more accurately identify species at the stage of fruiting. A high degree of variation in the shape of the seeds in different populations within the species and overlap of most quantitative carpological characteristics of studied species are noted. There were no significant differences in micromorphological features of the structure of the testa at species or population level. The reticulate surface of the testa is characteristic of all species, the cells of testa are mostly elongated, penta-hexagonal, individual cells almost isodiametric-pentagonal. From the micropillary to the chalasal end, a noticeable change in the shape and size of the seed coat cells is not observed. There are no intercellular spaces, the anticlinal walls of adjacent cells are intergrown and the boundaries between them become invisible. The outer periclinal walls have a single, mainly longitudinal thin ribbed thickenings. Anticlinal cell walls are thick, dense, smooth. The longitudinal Anticlinal walls are almost straight, transverse - straight or sometimes curved in some cells. Epicuticular deposits on the periclinal walls are absent. It is concluded that the use of macro and micromorphological characteristics of seeds of these species for clearer diagnosis at the stage of fruiting is low informative.

MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF MOSO BAMBOO (Phyllostachys pubescens MAZEL) SURFACE AFTER UV RADIATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950090
Author(s):  
HAIXIA YU ◽  
XIN PAN ◽  
WEIMING YANG ◽  
WENFU ZHANG ◽  
XIAOWEI ZHUANG
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cell Walls

Bamboo material is widely used in outdoor applications. However, they are easily degraded when exposed to sunlight, their smooth surface will gradually turn to rough, and small cracks will appear and finally develop to large cracks. The paper presents a first-time investigation on the microstructure changes in the tangential section of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) radiated by artificial UV light. The results showed that the cracks mainly appeared at intercellular spaces of fibers where lignin content was high, the parenchyma cell walls and neighbor pits where the cell wall was very thin and more vulnerable than the other parts. In addition, the part of raised area and pit cavity tended to absorb more UV light radiation and showed more and larger cracks than the otherwhere. Cracks at the intercellular spaces of fibers were larger and bigger than those on the parenchyma cell walls. The cracks on the pits of the parenchyma cell walls normally appeared at one pit and then extended to the several surrounding pits. Bordered pits cavity showed more and larger cracks than the pits on the thin wall cells. The simple pits on the thick wall cells and the fiber cells were unaffected by UV radiation.

Astrosclereids In Needles Of Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1240-1241
Author(s):  
M. Apple ◽  
A. Soeldner ◽  
R. Hamill ◽  
K. Tiekotfer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Function ◽  
Development Structure

Old-growth Douglas-fir trees in the Pacific Northwest are venerable giants that often live for 500 years and reach heights of over 75 meters. Their needles are relatively ephemeral and small but have the important role of interacting with the atmosphere in order to transpire and photosynthesize. Within the photosynthetic mesophyll tissue of Douglas-fir needles, there are large, non-living cells with lignified secondary cell walls that are known as astrosclereids. Apparent channels in the secondary wall may provide a route for exchange or transport of materials between the astrosclereid lumen and mesophyll cells or the vascular cylinder. Astrosclereids may be involvev d in storage of secondary metabolites such as tannin and may develop in response to fungi, mistletoe, or other pathogens. More knowledge is needed about the development, structure and function of astrosclereids.Needles were collected from sapling and old-growth Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, (Mirb.) Franco, trees at the Wind River Canopy Crane in Carson, Washington and from three sites in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon in 1997 and 1998.

Bayoud disease of date palm: ultrastructure of root infection through pneumatodes

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Belarbi-Halli ◽  
François Mangenot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Main Root ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bayoud Disease ◽  
Root Apices

Young axenically grown plants of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera cv. Deglet-nour, were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. albedinis (Killian et Maire) Gordon, using conidia applied either on the pneumatode-free main root or on the pneumatodes of rootlets. After incubation for 15 days, infection was successful only in the latter case. The fungus grew inside the aerenchyma and clung tightly to the cell walls, the wartlike outgrowths, and the matrix present in the intercellular spaces. These structures were more or less altered in the presence of the hyphae. The fungus proceeded both intercellularly and intracellularly through the cortex. A dense hyphal sheet was observed facing the suberized endodermis, but the fungus somehow made its way into the stele. Penetrations of thick-walled cells commonly occurred through pits. Root colonization was slower toward the root apices than toward the base. After 15 days, the fungus was present at least 8 cm above the inoculation point at the base of the root.

Morphological stabilization of the glycocalyces of 23 strains of five Bacteroides species using specific antisera

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight W. Lambe Jr. ◽  
K. J. Mayberry-Carson ◽  
Kaethe P. Ferguson ◽  
J. William Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Heterologous Antiserum ◽  
Specific Antisera

Cells of five Bacteroides species were examined following treatment with homologous antisera and staining with ruthenium red. They were enveloped by glycocalyces and these extensive fibrous exopolysaccharide matrices were fully retained as an integral "capsule" by some cells, while other cells showed "capsule" as well as detached glycocalyx components forming an intercellular "slime." These extensive glycocalyces collapsed during dehydration for electron microscopy and formed electron-dense accretions on cell surfaces and electron-dense reticula in intercellular spaces when the cells were treated with heterologous antiserum or when antibody stabilization was omitted. The glycocalyces of all strains, both stabilized and unstabilized, were observed outside the outer membranes of cell walls that showed the "classic" gram-negative structural organization. Appropriate modifications of the indirect fluorescent antibody test demonstrated an integral "capsule" on all strains examined; detached glycocalyx and varying amounts of slime were demonstrated after stabilization with homologous, but not heterologous, antiserum.

Penetration and invasion of sunflowers by Sclerotium bataticola

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1002
Author(s):  
Y. H. Chan ◽  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Direct Penetration ◽  
Sclerotial Formation ◽  
Avirulent Isolate

Sclerotium bataticola forms appressoria on the epidermis of inoculated sunflower seedlings. The appressoria may aid both mechanical and chemical penetration. Penetration is direct. Penetration of adult plant stems is by mass action of hyphae.Invading hyphae are both intra- and inter-cellular. Longitudinal spread in the cortex is in the intercellular spaces. Hyphae are closely associated with cell walls and the walls of xylem vessels. Vessels are penetrated through the pits.A virulent isolate formed sclerotia on inoculated seedlings within 24 h. An avirulent isolate formed chlamydospore-like resting structures first, and sclerotia later. Sclerotial formation appeared to reflect level of nutrition rather than relationships of isolates.

V.—Observations on the Interruption of the Endodermis in a Secondarily Thickened Root of Dracæna fruticosa, Koch

1922 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette G. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Primary Function

It is generally accepted that the position and development of any one tissue in a plant is to be studied from the point of view of function: nevertheless the physiological need for it may alter as the plant develops. The endodermis is an illustration of this. Its primary function (1) is to restrict the passage of water and soluble substances to certain definite channels: it follows that its best development is in those parts nearest to the source of supply, e.g. in roots and young stems. The cell-walls are at first relatively thin, with the characteristic suberised strip on the radial and transverse walls. Its cells are in uninterrupted contact one with another, there being no intercellular spaces. This leads incidentally to its being also a barrier to gaseous interchange. The ventilating system of the cortex is limited by it internally, and cut off from such intercellular spaces as may lie within.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomy of Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae) in three phytophysiognomies of the Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Ramos ARIANO ◽  
Ivone Vieira da SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Dissociation Process ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Epidermal Tissue ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Anatomical Characters

ABSTRACT Leaves have a variety of morphological and anatomical characters mainly influenced by climatic, edaphic and biotic factors. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical leaf traits of Qualea parviflora from three phytophysiognomies. The studied phytophysiognomies were Amazon Savannah on rocky outcrops (ASR), Transition Rupestrian Cerrado (TRC), and Cerradão (CDA). Freehand sections of the leaf blade were made and stained with 0.5% astra blue and with basic fuchsin. From the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface, freehand paradermal sections were made for epidermis analysis. The Jeffrey´s method, with modifications, was used in the epidermis dissociation process. The samples from the TRC phytophysiognomy had relatively smaller ordinary epidermal cells, higher abundance of trichomes, and mesophyll with few intercellular spaces, in comparison to the other phytophysiognomies. The leaves from the ASR phytophysiognomy had higher stomatal index (SI = 21.02), and five to six layers of sclerenchyma surrounding the midrib vascular bundle. The secondary vascular bundles had thicker cell walls and the bundle sheath extended up to the epidermal tissue of both leaf sides. Leaves from the CDA phytophysiognomy had mesomorphic environmental traits, such as a thinner cuticle. It is concluded that trees from ASR and TRC phytophysiognomies have xeromorphic traits following the environmental conditions where they occur.

Peroxidases in Tobacco Abscission Zone Tissue

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. HENRY ◽  
T. E. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Structural Localization ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Peripheral Areas

The fine-structural localization of peroxidases during ethylene-induced abscission of flower pedicels of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. ‘Little Turkish’ has been investigated. Peroxidase activity has been localized in both the cell walls and intercellular spaces of ethylene-treated flower pedicels which were fixed in glutaraldehyde, incubated in diaminobenzidine (DAB) medium with postfixation in 2% osmium tetroxide. Peroxidase staining is present in the cell walls and intercellular spaces of control tissue but is not as intense as in ethylene-treated tissue. Increased peroxidase staining is evident in the intercellular spaces and cell walls after 2 h of exposure to ethylene and increases in intensity between 2 and 5 h. At 5 h, ethylene-induced abscission occurs. Fine-structural investigations revealed prominent staining in the middle-lamellar and peripheral areas of the cell walls in ethylene-treated tissue. The peroxidase staining appears to be due to peroxidase as prior incubation with potassium cyanide gives a marked reduction in the staining reaction. Incubation of the ethylene-exposed tissue in aminotriazole, a specific inhibitor of catalase, does not reduce peroxidase staining, except in the microbodies, which reportedly contain catalase.

scholarly journals The Sugar Content of Cell Walls and Intercellular Spaces in Sugar-Cane Stems and its Relation to Sugar Transport

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Hawker
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Storage Parenchyma

In sugar-cane stems which contain large amounts of sucrose the concentration of sucrose in the volume external to the vacuoles was found to approach the concentration present in the vacuoles (20%). It was shown that this sucrose is situated mainly in the aqueous phase of the cell walls and intercellular spaces of the storage parenchyma cells.

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