scholarly journals Seasonal changes in the pigment composition of needles of representatives of the genus spruce in the Nizhny Novgorod region

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
А.В. Кулькова ◽  
Н.Н. Бессчетнова ◽  
В.П. Бессчетнов
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Picea Jezoensis ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Picea Asperata ◽  
Picea Omorika ◽  
Picea Koraiensis Nakai ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Plastid Pigments

Изучали характер и масштаб сезонных изменений пигментного состава хвои разных видов ели (Picea A. Dietr.) в условиях интродукции в Нижегородскую область, выявляли содержание и баланс пластидных пигментов фотосинтеза. Объектами исследования выступали 13 видов ели, относящихся к аборигенам и экзотам: ель европейская (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.); ель сибирская (Picea obovata Ledeb.); ель Глена (Picea glehnii (F. Schmidt) Mast.); ель белая (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss); ель шероховатая (Picea asperata Masters); ель черная (Picea mariana Mill., Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg); ель колючая форма серебристая (Picea pungens Engelm., f. argentea); ель колючая форма голубая (Picea pungens Engelm., f. glauca Regel); ель сербская (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.); ель Энгельмана (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.); ель колючая (Picea pungens Engelm.); ель аянская (Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière); ель корейская (Picea koraiensis Nakai). Отбор проб осуществлен рендомизированно с соблюдением принципа единственного логического различия. Использовали спектрофотометр СФ-2000. Установлено, что содержание и соотношение пластидных пигментов в хвое динамично в течение года. Определена эффективность влияния фаз сезонного развития растений на характеристики пигментного состава: по содержанию хлорофилла-a – 18,86±0,32%; по содержанию хлорофилла-b – 21,26±0,31%; по сумме хлорофиллов – 16,13±0,33%; по каротиноидам – 37,43±0,25%; по доле хлорофилла-a – 39,74±0,24% и доле хлорофилла-b – 39,74±0,24%. Эффект влияния межвидовых различий по показателям содержания и соотношения разных форм хлорофилла и каротиноидов достоверен и в достаточной мере выравнен при максимуме 23,56±0,91%. При общих тенденциях в сезонной динамике представители рода ель обладают заметной видоспецифичностью пигментного состава. We studied the nature and scale of seasonal changes in the pigment composition of needles of different spruce species (Picea A. Dietr.) under the conditions of introduction to the Nizhny Novgorod region, and revealed the content and balance of photosynthetic plastid pigments. The objects of the study were 13 species of spruce belonging to aborigines and exotics: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.); Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.); Glen spruce (Picea glehnii (F. Schmidt) Mast.); white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss); Dragon spruce (Picea asperata Masters); black spruce (Picea mariana Mill., Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg); silver prickly spruce (Picea pungens Engelm., f. argentea); blue prickly spruce (Picea pungens Engelm., f. glauca Regel); Serbian spruce (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purk.); Engelman spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.); Blue spruce (Picea pungens engelm.); Ayan spruce (Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) carrière); Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis Nakai). Sampling was carried out in a randomized manner, following the principle of a single logical difference. A spectrophotometer SF-2000 was used. It was found that the content and ratio of plastid pigments in conifers is dynamic throughout the year. The effectiveness of the influence of the phases of seasonal plant development on the characteristics of the pigment composition is determined: by the content of chlorophyll-a-18.86±0.32%; by the content of chlorophyll-b-21.26±0.31%; by the sum of chlorophylls-16.13±0.33%; by carotenoids – 37.43±0.25%; by the proportion of chlorophyll-a – 39.74±0.24% and the proportion of chlorophyll-b – 39.74±0.24%. The effect of interspecific differences in the content and ratio of different forms of chlorophyll and carotenoids is significant and sufficiently equalized at a maximum of 23.56±0.91%. With General trends in seasonal dynamics, representatives of the spruce genus have a noticeable species-specific pigment composition.

A new hybrid between blue spruce and white spruce

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1693-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Hanover ◽  
Ronald C. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Controlled pollinations were made within and between blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in 1967 and 1968. Interspecific hybrids were obtained and verified by comparative measurements of several traits. The cross was successful when either species was used as the female parent. Hybrid seed germinated more rapidly than that of either species and hybrid seedlings showed some heterosis for early growth. Also, hybrid seedlings had needles intermediate between, and significantly different from, the parental seedlings. Growth form of the hybrid was quite variable compared with that of either species. Further evidence for the successful crossing of blue spruce and white spruce was provided by biochemical analyses of monoterpene compounds in the parents and progeny.

scholarly journals Multidimensional assessment of plus trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the pigment composition of needles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.В. Ершов ◽  
В.П. Бессчетнов ◽  
Н.Н. Бессчетнова
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Seed Progeny ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Character Plus ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Genetic Closeness ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Hereditary Character ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Исследовали многопараметрическую близость плюсовых деревьев ели европейской по комплексу показателей пигментного состава хвои. Изучены вегетативные потомства 21 плюсового дерева ели европейской в возрасте 34 лет. Они размещены по единой схеме в архиве клонов на территории Нижегородской области. Комплексная оценка генетической близости сравниваемых объектов дана с помощью методов кластерного и факторного анализа по 24 признакам пигментного состава 1-летней и 2-летней хвои. Вытяжки пигментов в 96% этаноле анализировали спектрофотометром «Grating 722». Выбор длин волн, соответствовал максимумам поглощения: хлорофилла-a (663 Нм), хлорофилла-b (645 Нм), каротиноидов (440 Нм). Определяли их раздельное и общее содержание, а также соотношение между ними. Обнаружена дифференциация ассортиментного состава плюсовых деревьев ели европейской. Масштаб проявления их фенотипической неоднородности по многочисленным признакам, введенным в схему опыта, неодинаков. Подтверждена устойчивость соотношений между исследованными плюсовыми деревьями. Их состав был организован в кластеры, в той или иной степени удалённые один от другого. Поскольку зафиксированные различия и отмеченный характер группировки плюсовых деревьев сформировались на выровненном экофоне, возникают все основания признать их наследственный характер. Контрастность проявления и генотипическая обусловленность многопараметрических различий между плюсовыми деревьями ели европейской по пигментному составу разновозрастной хвои может служить основанием для привлечения данных показателей для осуществления многомерной идентификации и классификации объектов лесной селекции. Плюсовые деревья, представляющие разные кластеры, имеют меньше шансов оказаться близкими родственниками, в то время как объекты, входящие в состав одного кластера или, тем более, микрокластера, потенциально сходны в генетическом плане. Полученная информация об их комплексной близости позволит формировать оптимальный состав лесосеменных плантаций, исключая риск возникновения негативного эффекта инбредной депрессии семенного потомства. Researched multi-parameter affinity plus trees of Norway spruce using a range of indicators of the pigment composition of needles. Studied vegetative progeny of 21 plus trees of Norway spruce at the age of 34 years. They are placed according to a uniform scheme in the clone archive in the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Cluster and factor analysis of 24 characteristics of the pigment composition 1-year and 2-year-old pine established the genetic closeness of objects. Extraction of pigments in 96% ethanol were analyzed with a spectrophotometer «Grating 722». The choice of wavelengths correspond to absorption maxima: chlorophyll-a (663 Nm), chlorophyll-b (645 Nm), carotenoids (440 Nm). Defined their separate and total contents, and the ratio between them. Discovered differentiation in assortment composition plus trees of Norway spruce. The extent of their phenotypic heterogeneity due to numerous features introduced in the scheme experience varies. Confirmed the stability of the ratios between the investigated plus trees. Their composition was organized into clusters, in varying degrees, distant from each other. As fixed differences and the nature of the groupings of plus trees was formed in aligned environmental conditions, there is every reason to recognize their hereditary character. Plus trees representing different clusters are less likely to be close relatives, while the objects included in the same cluster, potentially similar in genetic terms. Received information about their comprehensive reach allows to form the optimal composition of seed orchards, eliminating the risk of the negative effect of inbreeding depression in seed progeny.

RESPONSE OF CONIFER SEEDLINGS AND WEEDS TO SEEDBED FUMIGANTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
R. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Soil Fumigants ◽  
Better Than

Four soil fumigants at three rates each were field-tested in nursery seedbeds as pre-sowing treatments for effectiveness in controlling weeds and for tolerance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Colorado spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). The fumigants were: allyl alcohol, dazomet (3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2-thio-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine), metam (sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate) and methyl bromide containing 2% chloropicrin.Most of the fumigant treatments, especially at medium and high rates, provided 80 to 90% control of weeds, irrespective of the weed density. However, the weeds that escaped the treatment grew well. Hand-weeding stimulated the germination of more weed seeds.Most of the fumigant treatments, in 1963 or 1964, did not affect the emergence and stands of the three conifer species. The fresh weight of conifer seedlings in most instances was equal to or better than the weight of seedlings in the hand-weeded check plots. However, the emergence of the two spruce species tended to be reduced in non-weeded as well as in hand-weeded check plots when the weed density was high, and this was attributed to competitive effect of high weed-seedling emergence.

scholarly journals Application of stimulating treatment in rooting of conic spruce cuttings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Кулькова ◽  
Н.Н. Бессчетнова ◽  
В.П. Бессчетнов
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Regenerative Ability ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Использование представителей рода ель (Picea L.) многообразно, благодаря уникальному комплексу полезных признаков и свойств. Многие виды имеют в своем составе наследственно обусловленные формы. Их применение сдерживается отсутствием адаптированных технологий размножения посадочного материала. Цель исследования – сравнительная оценка эффективности применения биологически активных препаратов в черенковании ели Коника. Объектом исследования послужила декоративная форма ели сизой (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) с конической кроной (syn.: Picea canadensis cv. conica, Picea glauca f. albertiana cv. conica). Испытаны биологически активные препараты: гетероауксин, циркон, корневин, эпин, экофус, феровит, экстрасол, силиплант. Экспозиция для всех вариантов и контроля (вода) – 18 часов. В обработке материала использован дисперсионный анализ. Установлена различная степень влияния препаратов на регенерационную способность черенков и на показатели последующего развития надземной части и корневых систем. Реакция на применение стимуляторов заметна в оценках каллюсогенеза, количества и протяженности образованных придаточных корней. По общей протяженности корней лучшие результаты дало применение гетероауксина (99,85±6,46 см) и силипланта (99,23±6,36 см), что заметно больше контроля (42,39±4,36 см) и обобщенного среднего значения (65,81±2,06 см). Дисперсионный анализ подтвердил существенность различий между результатами стимулирующей обработки черенков. Наиболее чувствительной оказалась способность к ризогенезу: доля различий, формируемая вариантами опыта, достигла 34,17±0,94%. Результаты укоренения черенков ели Коника свидетельствуют о достаточном для вегетативного размножения потенциале роста и развития надземной массы экзотов в условиях Нижегородской области. The economic use of representatives of the genus spruce (Picea L.) is diverse, thanks to a unique set of useful features and properties. Many species have inherited forms in their composition. Their use is hindered by the lack of adapted technologies for propagation of planting material. The aim of the research is to compare the effectiveness of using biologically active drugs in conic spruce cuttings. The object of research was a decorative form of a blue spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) with a conical crown or spruce 'Conica' (syn.: Picea canadensis cv. conica, Picea glauca f. albertiana cv. conica). Biologically active drugs were tested: heteroauxin, zircon, kornevin, epin, ecofus, ferovit, extrasol, siliplant. Exposure for all options and controls (water) – 18 hours. In the statistical processing of the material, the analysis of variance is used. Various degrees of influence of preparations on the regenerative ability of cuttings and on the indicators of subsequent development of their aboveground part and root systems were established. To a greater extent, the reaction to the use of stimulants is noticeable in the estimates of callus formation, the number and extent of the formed adnexal roots. For the total length of the roots, the best results were obtained using heteroauxin (99.85±6.46 cm) and siliplant (99.23±6.36 cm), which is significantly higher than the control (42.39±4.36 cm) and the generalized average (65.81±2.06 cm). The ANOVA confirmed the significant differences between the results of stimulating treatment of conic spruce cuttings. The most sensitive was the ability to active rhizogenesis: percentage of differences generated by the actual variants, reached 34,17±0,94%, at Fh 2 = 36,21. The results of rooting cuttings indicate sufficient for the vegetative propagation potential of growth and development aboveground mass of exotics in the conditions of Nizhny Novgorod region.

scholarly journals The specifics of the tannin content in the wood of individuals of the genus spruce (Picea) in urban conditions (on the example of Izhevsk)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Urban Conditions

The article presents materials on the study of the peculiarities of the tannin content in the wood of Picea obovata Ledeb. and Picea pungens Engelm., growing in the urban ecosystem, as well as in natural plantings outside the city. The growing conditions of the trees were characterized by a complex index of atmospheric pollution and soil conditions. The content of tannins in wood was determined by the spectrophotometric method based on the optical density of the water extract at a wavelength of 277 nm. The correlation between the content of tannins of stem wood and the state of atmospheric air is revealed, which can be explained by damage to the assimilation apparatus of trees. The dependence of the tannin content on the pH of the soil environment was also revealed. There were no statistically significant differences in the species, as well as in the place of growth. The research was carried out with the financial support of the grant "Scientific Potential – 2020". Keywords: PÍCEA OBOVATA, PICEA PUNGENS, TANNINS, CONIFERS, SPRUCE, RESISTANCE

Dendrolimus superans sibiricus. [Distribution map].

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Picea Jezoensis ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Siberian Fir ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Dendrolimus Superans

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dendrolimus superans sibiricus (Tschetv). Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae. Hosts: Khingan, Sakhalin and Siberian fir (Abies nephrolepis, Abies sachalinensis, Abies sibirica), Dahurian and Siberian larch (Larix gmelinii, Larix sibirica), Yeddo and Siberian spruce (Picea jezoensis, Picea obovata), fruit pine (Pinus korainensis) and Pinus sibirica. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Russia, Central Russia, Eastern Siberia, Far East and Western Siberia) and Asia (China, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Kazakhstan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic and Mongolia).

Notes on the Biology of Griselda radicana (Wlshm.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 648-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Disease Survey ◽  
Spruce Stands

In the course of studles on different species of defoliators in field-spruce stands on the Gaspé coast of the Baie des Chaleurs, Griselda radicana (Wlshm.) occurred fairly commonly in such stands. Although the principal host tree of this insect is white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, records of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey show that it has been collected from black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., Colorado spruce, Picea pungens Engelm., and balsam fir, Abies halramea (L.) Mill. Although G. radicana is commonly found across Canada, there are no records that it has ever reached outbreak proportions. These investigations were undertaken since nothing was known on the life history and habits of this insect. The studies were carried out near New Richmond in the Gaspé Peninsula in the summer of 1959.

scholarly journals The First Record of Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera; Cerambycidae) as Vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Its New Potential Hosts in China

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Ruo-Cheng Sheng ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Shou-Hui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
First Record ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Picea Asperata ◽  
Transmission Period ◽  
Abies Fabri

Pine wilt disease was first discovered in Dongtang town, Liaoning Province, China, in 2017. However, no record of Monochamus alteratus existed in Fengcheng, where M. saltuarius is an indigenous insect, and no experimental evidence has thus far indicated that M. saltuarius can transport the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in China. In this study, we investigated whether M. saltuarius is a vector of B. xylophilus in China. On the sixth day after eclosion, beetles began to transmit nematodes into the twigs. The transmission period of nematodes is known to be able to last for 48 days after beetle emergence. In laboratory experiments, M. saltuarius fed and transmitted B. xylophilus not only on pines but also on other non-Pinus conifers. The non-Pinus conifers preferred by M. saltuarius for feeding are Picea pungens, Picea asperata, and Abies fabri. The experimental results show that M. saltuarius functions as a vector of B. xylophilus in northeast China.

Setomelanomma holmii (Pleosporales, Phaeosphaeriaceae) on living spruce twigs in Europe and North America

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Y Rossman ◽  
David F Farr ◽  
Lisa A Castlebury ◽  
Robert Shoemaker ◽  
Alemu Mengistu
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Culture Morphology ◽  
Sequence Similarities

Setomelanomma holmii M. Morelet, previously known only from the type specimen in France, was discovered in the U.S.A. (Kansas and Wisconsin) and Canada (Ontario) on living twigs of spruce (Picea pungens and Picea glauca). This fungus was grown from ascospores and compared with the ex-holotype culture. Morphology and ITS rDNA sequence similarities indicate that S. holmii belongs in the Pleosporales, Phaeosphaeriaceae. Sequence analysis of the SSU nrDNA places S. holmii in a clade containing members of the Leptosphaeriaceae and Phaeosphaeriaceae. Setomelanomma holmii is redescribed and illustrated based on the holotype and North American specimens.Key words: Loculoascomycetes, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Picea, Pleosporales, needle chlorosis.

scholarly journals Laboratory germination and storage of seeds of tree and shrub introduced species

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
E. G. Khudonogova ◽  
M. A. Tyapaeva
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Phellodendron Amurense ◽  
Juglans Mandshurica ◽  
Picea Obovata ◽  
Picea Pungens

The article presents the results of research on laboratory germination of seeds of tree and shrub introduced species. Introduced seeds were collected from existing plantings in Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region. To speed up germination and increase the percentage of germination, seed stratification was performed. Seeds of Spiraea media, Betula pendula, Picea obovata, Picea pungens, Pinus sylvestris, as a rule, do not require stratification, or for violation of shallow rest, the seeds need short-term cooling (for several hours, days or weeks). Cold stratification is required for seed germination of Betula ermanii, Clematis fusca, Corylus avellana, Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Syringa vulgaris . Multistage stratification is recommended for Schisandra chinensis seeds. Within a few days, the seeds of Populus alba and Scopulus balsamifera lose their ability to germinate. Quercus mongolica seeds completely lose their germination by spring sowing when stored dry. Seeds of Corylus avellana, Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Schisandra chinensis can be stored for only one year. The shelf life of Betula ermanii and Betula pendula seeds is 3-4 years. Picea obovata, Picea pungens, Pinus sylvestris retain germination for 4-5 years. Studies have shown that the shelf life of Spiraea media, Syringa vulgaris, Clematis fusca seeds for 4-5 years did not affect the percentage of their germination.

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