On the hereditary character of certain spectral properties and some applications

In this paper we study the behavior of certain spectral properties of an operator T on a proper closed and T-invariant subspace W ⊆ X such that Tn (X) ⊆ W, for some n ≥ 1, where T ∈ L(X) and X is an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space. We prove that for these subspaces a large number of spectral properties are transmitted from T to its restriction on W and vice-versa. As consequence of our results, we give conditions for which semiFredholm spectral properties, as well as Weyl type theorems, are equivalent for two given operators. Additionally, we give conditions under which an operator acting on a subspace can be extended on the entire space preserving the Weyl type theorems. In particular, we give some applications of these results for integral operators acting on certain functions spaces.

On the hereditary character of certain spectral properties and some applications

In this paper we study the behavior of certain spectral properties of an operator T on a proper closed and T-invariant subspace W ⊆ X such that Tn (X) ⊆ W, for some n ≥ 1, where T ∈ L(X) and X is an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space. We prove that for these subspaces a large number of spectral properties are transmitted from T to its restriction on W and vice-versa. As consequence of our results, we give conditions for which semiFredholm spectral properties, as well as Weyl type theorems, are equivalent for two given operators. Additionally, we give conditions under which an operator acting on a subspace can be extended on the entire space preserving the Weyl type theorems. In particular, we give some applications of these results for integral operators acting on certain functions spaces.

Lebensunwertes Leben: Roots and Memory of Aktion T4

What the Nazis called Aktion T4 was a euthanasia program, officially started on August 18th, 1939. The registration operations for individuals with physical or mental handicaps were followed by forced sterilization and transfer to clinics organized to kill. In this article, I try to explain the mechanisms that allowed the memory of Aktion T4 to be preserved and passed from one generation to the next; memories of the “merciful death” of approximately 70,000 “lives unworthy of life,” that find themselves embedded in family records and family history. In the first section, I summarize the discussion that resulted from the theories of Charles Darwin and Francis Galton. Even if those theories do not in any way allude to the consequences that we have witnessed decades after their publication, they started a debate about the value of life and the legitimacy of human intervention in the selection of hereditary character traits, as well as the concept of race and the different methods and forms of theories and eugenics that were later adopted in Europe and in the United States. In the case of Germany, translated into Rassenhygiene, those concepts flowed into the Nazi project of purification of the German people. Through interviews with families who had a relative interned in one of the program's clinics spread across the Reich territory between 1939 and 1945, I investigate the evolution and passage of memories stored within the family sphere, paying attention to the generational steps and processes of trauma. These stories are born from a complicated process of reconstructing these memories via interviews. Their recollections were full of painful silences and negations, similar to the thought process which led the victims to live in a condition that they could not understand, and separated them from the world before they were each made to face a solitary death, far from any contact with their families. The trauma that I analyze concerns actions that had been carried out by previous generations; in the majority of cases, younger generations were not aware of the destiny of their murdered relatives and therefore tried to rebuild the stories of people who they never had the opportunity to meet. I examine the problematic relationship of those being interviewed with the end-of-life issue and also the sense of guilt which is generated by the awareness of crimes that were committed. Aktion T4 was not a crime committed outside the national borders, nor a crime that extended beyond the private sphere to the “others.” Instead, it existed within the most central and intimate place of Nazi culture: the family.

EFFICIENCY OF GRAIN FORMATION PRODUCTIVITY USE OF PISUM SATIVUM L. SELECTION

The results of investigations on revealing the features of the structure formation of seed productivity in new genotypes of peas with non-permeable beans are presented. Selection of Kaban, Fregat, Veles varieties and sample KT-6489 with a new trait was aimed at increasing the number of beans and seeds per plant. The increase in seed productivity was accompanied by a decrease in the mass of 1000 seeds and an increase in the performance of beans. Differences in the variability of the examined signs of seed productivity testify to the genotypic characteristics of the reaction to the effect of environmental conditions. The selection value of the “productivity of seed formation” and its hereditary character is grounded. The use of sources with a high seed-forming ability in breeding has contributed to an increase in the proportion of seeds from planted ovules on the plant. In the varieties with soft beans, the values of this feature, depending on environmental conditions, varied within the range 54.4-70.9%. In new breeding developments, these figures were significantly increased to 81.8-91.0%. Statistical analysis proved the reliability and significance of genotypic differentiation of the trait in changing environmental conditions. A high significant effect of the genotype with a share of 83.7% on the variability of seed production was established. The influence of the environment and the interaction of the factors “genotype x environment” on the trait was assessed by a weak impact (3.61 and 3.94%). The presence of stable genotypes in the study group results from the revealed advantage of variance of genotypes over the variance of the “genotype-environment” interaction. A sample of KT-6489 with a weak variability in seed production (1.6%) with variations by years 84.0-86.7% was isolated.

Multidimensional assessment of plus trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the pigment composition of needles

Исследовали многопараметрическую близость плюсовых деревьев ели европейской по комплексу показателей пигментного состава хвои. Изучены вегетативные потомства 21 плюсового дерева ели европейской в возрасте 34 лет. Они размещены по единой схеме в архиве клонов на территории Нижегородской области. Комплексная оценка генетической близости сравниваемых объектов дана с помощью методов кластерного и факторного анализа по 24 признакам пигментного состава 1-летней и 2-летней хвои. Вытяжки пигментов в 96% этаноле анализировали спектрофотометром «Grating 722». Выбор длин волн, соответствовал максимумам поглощения: хлорофилла-a (663 Нм), хлорофилла-b (645 Нм), каротиноидов (440 Нм). Определяли их раздельное и общее содержание, а также соотношение между ними. Обнаружена дифференциация ассортиментного состава плюсовых деревьев ели европейской. Масштаб проявления их фенотипической неоднородности по многочисленным признакам, введенным в схему опыта, неодинаков. Подтверждена устойчивость соотношений между исследованными плюсовыми деревьями. Их состав был организован в кластеры, в той или иной степени удалённые один от другого. Поскольку зафиксированные различия и отмеченный характер группировки плюсовых деревьев сформировались на выровненном экофоне, возникают все основания признать их наследственный характер. Контрастность проявления и генотипическая обусловленность многопараметрических различий между плюсовыми деревьями ели европейской по пигментному составу разновозрастной хвои может служить основанием для привлечения данных показателей для осуществления многомерной идентификации и классификации объектов лесной селекции. Плюсовые деревья, представляющие разные кластеры, имеют меньше шансов оказаться близкими родственниками, в то время как объекты, входящие в состав одного кластера или, тем более, микрокластера, потенциально сходны в генетическом плане. Полученная информация об их комплексной близости позволит формировать оптимальный состав лесосеменных плантаций, исключая риск возникновения негативного эффекта инбредной депрессии семенного потомства. Researched multi-parameter affinity plus trees of Norway spruce using a range of indicators of the pigment composition of needles. Studied vegetative progeny of 21 plus trees of Norway spruce at the age of 34 years. They are placed according to a uniform scheme in the clone archive in the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Cluster and factor analysis of 24 characteristics of the pigment composition 1-year and 2-year-old pine established the genetic closeness of objects. Extraction of pigments in 96% ethanol were analyzed with a spectrophotometer «Grating 722». The choice of wavelengths correspond to absorption maxima: chlorophyll-a (663 Nm), chlorophyll-b (645 Nm), carotenoids (440 Nm). Defined their separate and total contents, and the ratio between them. Discovered differentiation in assortment composition plus trees of Norway spruce. The extent of their phenotypic heterogeneity due to numerous features introduced in the scheme experience varies. Confirmed the stability of the ratios between the investigated plus trees. Their composition was organized into clusters, in varying degrees, distant from each other. As fixed differences and the nature of the groupings of plus trees was formed in aligned environmental conditions, there is every reason to recognize their hereditary character. Plus trees representing different clusters are less likely to be close relatives, while the objects included in the same cluster, potentially similar in genetic terms. Received information about their comprehensive reach allows to form the optimal composition of seed orchards, eliminating the risk of the negative effect of inbreeding depression in seed progeny.

Hereditary model of loose mined rock layer deformation in disintegrators

The objective of this work is to substantiate the hereditary character of the stresses and deformations accumulation in loose mined rock during the disintegrators working surfaces convergence. It is shown, in particular, that the layer porosity after compression and the side thrust coefficient depend not only on the applied pressure, but also on the initial porosity. It is substantiated the mechanism of interrelation between the stresses and deformations of a layer. The experimental researches on fine– grained granite compression in a rigid matrix have been fulfilled. The approximation of obtained results by polynomial functions has been carried out. The coefficients have been determined by the least-square method. The close agreement of the analytical and the experimental values has been recorded. The initial porosity parameter was put into the equation of dependences of the current porosity and the side thrust coefficient on pressure. The mechanism of the forces distribution on separate particles contacts has been explained in terms of the material compacting hystory. The practical value of the research is in calculating the disintegrators operating parts parameters with account of the mined rock layer condition prior to the act of crushing.

Is there an inherited anatomical conformation favoring aneurysmal formation of the anterior communicating artery?

OBJECTIVEThe pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the formation of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain only partially elucidated. However, current evidence suggests a genetic component. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific anatomical variations in the arterial complex that are associated with the presence of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms in the familial forms of IAs.METHODSThis multicenter study investigated bifurcation IAs in patients who had a sporadic ACoA IA without a family history of IA (SACAA group), in patients who had an ACoA IA with a family history of IA (FACAA group), and in their healthy first-degree relatives (HFDRs). Through the use of MR angiography (MRA) reconstructions, the symmetry of the A1 segments and the angle between the A1 and A2 segments were analyzed on 3D models for each group. These measurements were then compared among the 3 groups.RESULTSTwenty-four patients with SACAA, 24 patients with FACAA, and 20 HFDRs were included in the study. Asymmetrical configuration of the A1 segments was more frequent in the FACAA group than in the HFDR group (p = 0.002). The aneurysm-side A1–A2 angle was lower in the FACAA group (p = 0.003) and SACAA group (p = 0.007) than in the HFDR group. On the contralateral side, there was no difference in A1–A2 angles between groups.CONCLUSIONSThe anatomical shape of the ACoA complex seems to be similarly associated with the presence of ACoA IAs in both the FACAA and SACAA groups. This highlights the role played by hemodynamic constraints in aneurysm formation and questions the hypothesis of the hereditary character of these anatomical shapes.

Biological Characterization and Pluripotent Identification of Sheep Dermis-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells

Dermis-derived mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (DMS/PCs) were a multipotential stem cell population, which has potential applications in the tissue damage repair and skin transplant. Although a large number of studies deal with the human DMS/PCs self-renewal and regulation, however, the study of livestock-derived DMS/PCs has rarely been reported. Here, sheep DMS/PCs were isolated from one-month-old sheep embryos and studied at the cellular and molecular level. And then the DMS/PCs biological characteristics were analysed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Experimental results showed that DMS/PCs could be expanded for 48 passages and the cells viability and hereditary character were steady. In addition, the DMS/PCs makerβ-integrin, CD71, CD44, and CD73 were expressed positively through RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Passage 3 DMS/PCs were successfully induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and neurocytes, respectively. The above results suggest that DMS/PCs not only have strong self-renewal capacity but also have the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and neurocytes. The study provides theoretical basis and experimental evidence for potential clinical application.