Tratamento cirúrgico de fratura do complexo zigomatico orbital em paciente vítima de acidente desportivo: relato de caso

Introdução: Fraturas no complexo zigomático orbital podem resultar em deslocamento ósseo com alteração do volume orbital e distúrbios funcionais. As complicações associadas aos traumas dessa região podem vir a interferir diretamente na qualidade de vida do indivíduo, dessa forma, faz-se necessário a cirurgia de reposicionamento anatômico do osso. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de fratura do complexo zigomático orbital em paciente vítima de acidente desportivo. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, leucoderma, vítima de acidente desportivo, compareceu a um serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial da cidade de Recife-PE, apresentando alterações anatômicas visíveis na região zigomática do lado esquerdo da face. Ao exame clínico observou-se assimetria facial, edema, equimose periorbital, hemorragia subconjuntival, perda de volume do lado afetado e desconforto relado pelo paciente, sugerindo fratura do complexo zigomático orbital. A Tomografia Computadorizada mostrou perda da projeção anteroposterior do corpo do osso zigomático esquerdo, com fratura no arco zigomático e descontinuidade da sutura esfenozigomática esquerdas. O corte tomográfico coronal evidenciou aprisionamento do conteúdo orbital por fragmentos presentes no assoalho da órbita, e fratura do pilar zigomático-maxilar. Através de acessos cirúrgicos peri-orbitais (superciliar e subtarsal) foi instalada 1 mini-placa com parafusos (1 em cada acesso), nas regiões da sutura fronto-zigomática e da margem infraorbital. Pelo acesso intraoral foi fixada uma placa no pilar zigomático-maxilar. O tratamento cirúrgico buscou acesso ao esqueleto da órbita, redução anatômica e fixação interna estável com mini-placas e parafusos. Considerações finais: Após 10 dias, observou-se o restabelecimento anatômico da projeção anteroposterior do osso zigomático direto, procedendo à melhora estético-funcional. Descritores: Anatomia Regional; Traumatologia; Fraturas Orbitárias. Referências Obimakinde OS, Ogundipe KO, Rabiu TB, Okoje VN. Maxillofacial fractures in a budding teaching hospital: a study of pattern of presentation and care. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;26:218. Ugboko V, Udoye C, Ndukwe K, Amole A, Aregbesola S. Zygomatic complex fractures in a suburban Nigerian population. Dent Traumatol. 2005;21(2):70-5. Zamboni RA, Wagner JCB, Volkweis MR, Gerhardt EL, Buchmann EM, Bavaresco CS. Epidemiological study of facial fractures at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Santa Casa de Misericordia Hospital Complex, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2017;44(5):491-97. Ramos JC, Almeida MLD, Alencar YCG, de Sousa Filho LF, Figueiredo CHMC, Almeida MSC. Estudo epidemiológico do trauma bucomaxilofacial em um hospital de referência da Paraíba. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2018;45(6):e1978. Wulkan M, Parreira Junior JG, Botter DA. Epidemiologia do trauma facial. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2005;51(5):290-95. Knight JS, North JF. The classification of malar fractures: an analysis of displacement as a guide to treatment. Br J Plast Su1961;13:325-39. Mendonça JCG, Crivelli DMB. Tratamento de fratura cominutiva do complexo zigomático orbitário com utilização de fio de aço: relato de caso. Rev Bras Cir Cabeça Pescoço. 2012; 41(2):93-5. Hupp JR, Tucker MR, Ellis E.Cirurgia oral e maxilofacial contemporânea. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2015. p. 1099-1113. Oliva MA. Acesso subciliar para fraturas do complexozigomático-orbitári. Rev Bras Cir Cabeça Pescoço. 2013;42(2):106-8. Soares LP, Gaião L, Santos MESM, Pozza DH, Oliveira MG. Indicações da Tomografia Computadorizada no Diagnóstico das Fraturas Nasoórbito-etmoidais. Rev de Clin Pesq Odontol. 2004;1(1):29-33. Kurita M, Okazaki M, Ozaki M, Tanaka Y, Tsuji N, Takushima A, et al. Patient satisfaction after open reduction and internal fixation of zygomatic bone fractures. J Craniofac Surg .2010;21(7):45–9. Hammer B. Fraturas orbitárias: Diagnóstico, tratamento cirúrgico, correções secundárias. São Paulo: Santos; 2005. Panarello F, Chaves Júnior AC, Leles JLR, Oliveira MG. Análise dos materiais empregados para a reconstrução das fraturas orbitárias – Revisão de literatura. RBC: Rev Int Cir Traumatol Bucomaxilofacial. 2005;3(9):57-64. Kloss FR, Stigler RG, Brandstätter A, Tuli T, Rasse M, Laimer K, Hächl OL, Gassner R. Complications related to midfacial fractures: operative versus non-surgical treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(1):33-7. Liedtke FS, Richinho KP, Pisanelli CH, Araf D. Fraturas do soalho da órbita do tipo ‘’Blow-out”: revisão de literatura. Revicience 2005;5(5):8-11.

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Patterns of Pediatric Facial Fractures

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1177/1943387521991738 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194338752199173

Author(s):

Kevin Hong ◽

James Jeong ◽

Yehudah N. Susson ◽

Shelly Abramowicz

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽

Vehicle Collisions ◽

Peak Incidence ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess patterns of maxillofacial trauma in the pediatric population in Atlanta. This information is important to help guide management and allocate resources for treatment of maxillofacial injuries at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA). Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of children who presented from 2006 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age 18 years old or younger, (2) presentation to emergency department, (3) diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures, and (4) evaluation by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology, or Plastic Surgery services. Medical records were reviewed to record demographic, mechanism of injury, fracture location, and yearly incidence of injury. Descriptive statistics were computed to summarize findings and overall trends. Results: During the study period, 39,833 patients were identified. Of them, 1995 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were male (n = 1359, 68%) with an average age of 9.4 years old (range of 1 month to 18 years old). Mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle collisions (MVC) (n = 597, 29.9%), fall (n = 565, 28.3%), sports injury (n = 317, 15.9%), pedestrian struck (n = 215, 10.8%), assault/abuse (n = 204, 10.2%), other (n = 81, 4.1%), or gunshot wound (n = 16, 0.8%). Fracture sites were mandible (n = 519, 26%), complex (n = 479, 24%), nasal (n = 419, 21%), dentoalveolar (n = 279, 14%), orbital (n = 259, 13%), and maxilla (n = 40, 2%). Males had a higher incidence of assault than females (n = 185, 91% of assaults). The incidence of maxillofacial trauma increased with age with a peak incidence in 13 to 16-year-olds (n = 566, 28.3%). During the years examined, there was an upward trend in MVCs as the etiology with a peak incidence of facial fractures due to MVCs occurring in 2015. All other mechanisms remained constant during this time period. Conclusions: There was an increase in pediatric facial fractures secondary to motor vehicle collisions from 2007 to 2015 despite improvements in regulations, traffic safety, and technology.

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“AN ANALYSIS OF OPHTHALMIC INJURIES IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA”

10.36106/ijsr/7102551 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 81-83

Author(s):

Sharmila. S ◽

Abhilash Balakrishnan ◽

Saji Nair .A ◽

Ajith Kumar.K

Keyword(s):

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Facial Trauma ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Age Group ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Periorbital Oedema ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Ocular Injuries

PURPOSE OFTHE STUDY: To estimate the proportion and types of ophthalmic injuries in patients with maxillofacial fractures PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with maxillofacial trauma, who came to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Government Dental college Thiruvananthapuram from November 2020 to June 2021were included in this study. The information and data collected included age, sex, mechanism of injury, type of maxillofacial fracture and type of ophthalmic injury. RESULTS: Ocular injury was sustained by 209 patients out of which 180 (86.1%) were males and 29(13.9%)were females. The largest age group of patients associated with ophthalmic injuries were 30-39 years. The etiology of facial fractures or ocular injuries showed that road trafc accidents more frequently resulted in ocular injuries 66.5% followed by assault 18.7% and self fall 14.8%. Ophthalmic injuries occurred mostly in association with orbital fractures 33.5% followed by Zygomatico maxillary complex fracture 26.8%and Maxillary sinus fractures 24.4%. Periorbital oedema was the most common ophthalmic injury accounting for 46.4%of cases followed by Periorbital ecchymosis 35.4% and Subconjuntival haemorrhage 17.2%. CONCLUSION: Mid facial trauma commonly causes ophthalmic injuries of varying degrees. Prompt ophthalmic examination of all patients with mid facial trauma is mandatory to prevent any blinding complications

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Epidemiological study of facial fractures at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Santa Casa de Misericordia Hospital Complex, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil

Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões ◽

10.1590/0100-69912017005011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 491-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rodrigo Andrighetti Zamboni ◽

João Carlos Birnfeld Wagner ◽

Maurício Roth Volkweis ◽

Eduardo Luis Gerhardt ◽

Elissa Muller Buchmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

Firearm Injuries ◽

Motorcycle Accidents

ABSTRACT Objectives: to investigate the incidence and etiology of face trauma with diagnosis of facial fracture treated at the Buccomaxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Service of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital Complex in Porto Alegre. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective epidemiological study of 134 trauma victims with 153 facial fractures. Results: the male gender was the most affected (86.6%) and the incidence was higher in the age group from 21 to 30 years. The main etiology was assault (38.8%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (14.2%), motorcycle accidents (13.4%), falls (9%), road accidents (6.7%), sports accidents (5.2%), work accidents (5.2%), firearm injuries (4.5%) and cycling accidents (3%). The most frequent fractures were those of the zygomatic complex (44.5%), followed by fractures of the mandible (42.5%), maxillary bone (5.2%), nasal bones (4.5%) and zygomatic arch (3.3%). Conclusion: the fractures of the zygomatic complex and the mandible were the ones with the highest incidence in the facial traumas, having physical assaults as their main cause.

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Mandibular Bone Fractures in elderly patients with reference to etiology of trauma

10.53350/pjmhs211581920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1920-1922

Author(s):

Nabeela Riaz ◽

Samreen Younas ◽

Ijaz Ur Rehman ◽

Ahmad Abdul Haseeb ◽

Saba Hanif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

Mandibular Injuries

Aim: to explore the mandibular bone fractures in elderly patients with reference to etiology of trauma. Methodology: This was a descriptive study conducted in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery KEMU/ Mayo Hospital Lahore. Elderly patients (age 60-100years) with mandibular bone fractures. Results: Aetiology of trauma leading to mandibular fractures was as follows; there were 79(65.83%) cases of RTA, 32(26.66%) falls, 4(3.33%) assaults and there were only 3(2.5%) cases of industrial injury. Conclusion: To conclude, this study depicts that road traffic accidents were the predominant cause of injury in the studied age group. Elderly patients need more care and attention, especially after traumatic incidents and lead to financial burden in hospitals Keywords: Maxillofacial trauma, Elderly population, Mandibular injuries, Elderly fractures

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Interrelation between facial soft tissue lessions, underlying fracture patterns and treatment of zygomatic bone trauma: a 10 year retrospective study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44138/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juncar Raluca Iulia ◽

Paul Andrei Tent ◽

Juncar Mihai ◽

Arghir Ioan Anton ◽

Arghir Cristina Oana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Fracture Pattern ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Facial Soft Tissue ◽

Nominal Data ◽

Correct Treatment ◽

Zygomatic Bone ◽

Zygomatic Fracture

Abstract Background: The pattern of zygomatic bone fractures varies in the literature, their features being frequently masked by the presence of associated soft tissue lesions. In this context the clinical diagnosis and the therapeutic indications can be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of zygomatic bone fractures and their interrelation with concomitant overlying soft tissue injuries, as well as to assess the type of treatment methods applied depending on the fracture pattern and the results achieved depending on the incidence rate of postoperative complications. We will use these results in order to improve the diagnosis and the establishment of correct treatment of this pathology. Methods: A 10-year retrospective evaluation of midface fractures was performed in patients diagnosed and treated in a tertiary Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.2 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium;53 https://www.medcalc.org; 2020). Nominal data were expressed as frequency and percentage. The comparisons of the frequencies of a nominal variable among the categories of another nominal variable were made using the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regressions were used in order to establish the independent association between variables and lacerations/excoriations. After using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, a value of p<0.025 was considered statistically significant.Results: The study included 242 patients with zygomatic bone fractures. The majority of the fractures were displaced n=179 (73.9%), closed n=179 (73.9%) and complete n=219 (90.5%). Hematoma was the most frequent associated soft tissue lesion n=102 (42.1%) regardless of the fracture pattern (p=1.000). Complete zygomatic fracture (OR – 2.68; p=0.035) and fractures with displacement (OR – 3.66; p=0.012) were independently associated with the presence of laceration. Fractures with displacement (OR – 7.1; p=0.003) were independently associated with the presence of excoriation. The most frequent type of treatment applied was Gillies reduction (61.9%), followed by ORIF (30.9%). The most frequent postoperative complication was malunion secondary to Gillies treatment (4,6%). Conclusions: Patients presenting lacerations and excoriations on clinical soft tissue examination will most frequently have an underlying complete, displaced or comminuted zygomatic fracture. In the case of displaced, open or comminuted fractures we achieved the best results secondary to ORIF treatment method, while in the case of non-displaced and closed fractures, the best results achieved were secondary to conservative treatment.

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Referral patterns of emergency physicians regarding head and neck pathology in Western Australia

Faculty Dental Journal ◽

10.1308/rcsfdj.2018.147 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

Jo Ann Ong ◽

Dieter Gebauer ◽

Estie Kruger ◽

Marc Tennant

Keyword(s):

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽

Scope Of Practice ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Emergency Physicians ◽

The Us ◽

Head And Neck Pathology ◽

Salivary Gland Disease ◽

The Uk

Those dual qualified in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in Australia have a scope of practice that includes dentoalveolar surgery, facial fractures, craniofacial deformities, salivary gland disease, temporomandibular joint disorders, and the treatment of oral and facial cancers with reconstruction. This differs from other countries such as the UK, the US, France and Brazil, which can lead to complexities of interaction when internationally trained health professionals, who may be unaware of this wide breadth of practice, are the ‘gatekeepers’ at tertiary health facilities. 1 – 3

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Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Fractures at a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia: A Retrospective Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/9024763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maher M. Abosadegh ◽

Norkhafizah Saddki ◽

Badr Al-Tayar ◽

Shaifulizan Ab. Rahman

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Common Cause ◽

Helmet Use ◽

Motorcycle Accident ◽

Sinus Wall ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Orbital Wall

Background/Aim. Epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures (MFF) varies between populations. This study investigated the epidemiology of MFF treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).Methods. A retrospective review of 473 medical records of patients with MFF treated from June 2013 to December 2015 was conducted. Information on demographic characteristics of patients, aetiology of injury, types of MFF, and treatment was obtained. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-squared test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Results. Most patients treated for MFF were males (82.2%), aged 30 and below (63.1%), and from Malay ethnic (97.4%). Road traffic accident was the most common cause of MFF (83.1%), with motorcycle accident accounting for most injuries (73.6%). Orbital wall fracture was the most frequent MFF type (51.2%). About half of MFF patients (51.4%) were treated conservatively. Patients aged more than 20 years old were at higher odds of sustaining orbital wall fracture (AOR= 1.76; 95% CI: 1.214-2.558;P= 0.003) but were at lower odds of sustaining mandibular fracture (AOR= 0.47; 95% CI: 0.315-0.695;P= 0.001) than patients who are 20 years old and younger. Helmet use among motorcyclists was significantly associated with the nasal, orbital wall, and maxillary sinus wall fractures (P=0.006, 0.010, and 0.004, respectively).Conclusion. Motorcycle accident was the most common cause of MFF in Kelantan, Malaysia. Ages of patient and helmet use were associated with the type of MFF sustained. This study provides important information to facilitate the planning of MFF prevention strategies among motorcyclists and emphasizes the importance of using a helmet when riding a motorcycle.

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In the emergency department

10.1093/med/9780198767817.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Luke Cascarini ◽

Clare Schilling ◽

Ben Gurney ◽

Peter Brennan

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Soft Tissue Injuries ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Soft Tissue Infections ◽

Penetrating Injuries ◽

Orbital Floor Fractures ◽

Zygomatic Fractures

This chapter discusses oral and maxillofacial surgery in the A&E department, including, The paediatric OMFS patient, Overview of maxillofacial trauma, Mandibular fractures, Zygomatic fractures, Orbital floor fractures, Maxillary fractures, Nose, naso-ethmoidal, and frontal bone fractures, Face and scalp soft tissue injuries, Penetrating injuries to the neck, Intra-oral injuries, Dento-alveolar trauma, Dento-alveolar infections, Post-extraction complications, Head and neck soft tissue infections, Salivary gland diseases, and Miscellaneous conditions

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Review of 793 Facial Fractures Treated from 2001 to 2008 in A Coruña University Hospital: Types and Etiology

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1249373 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Maria Pombo ◽

Ramón Luaces-Rey ◽

Sonia Pértega ◽

Jorge Arenaz ◽

Jose Luis Crespo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

University Hospital ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Facial Fracture ◽

Industrial Accidents ◽

Distribution Type ◽

Demographic Distribution

The purpose of this article is to analyze the incidence, demographic distribution, type, and etiology of all facial fractures treated by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in A Coruña University Hospital (Spain) from 2001 to 2008. A descriptive and analytic retrospective study evaluated 643 patients treated for facial fracture (excluding nasal and dento-alveolar) by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in A Coruña University Hospital from January 2001 to December 2008. Five parameters were studied: year of the injury, gender, age, fracture type, and etiology. Six hundred and forty-three patients with 793 fractures were included. Of these, 83.2% were males and 16.8% were females. The patients’ age ranged between 18 months and 89 years, with a mean of 37.6 and a median of 33. The major cause of injury was traffic accidents (27%), followed by assaults (20.5%), accidental traumas (20.1%), sports (11%), syncopes (7.8%), rural accidents (6.1%), industrial accidents (5.1%), and suicide attempts (0.3%). In 1.1% of the patients, it was impossible to verify the etiology. The etiology of facial fractures varies from one country to another, depending on the cultural, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. In our study, the most common cause was traffic accidents, closely followed by assaults. The number of fractures due to traffic accidents has decreased in the last 3 years. Rural accidents accounted for a significantly higher percentage of fractures than that observed in other series. The number of fractures receiving a surgical treatment from 2005 to 2008 has progressively decreased.

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Evaluation Of Clinical Features And Treatment Of Zygomatic Bone Fractures: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44138/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juncar Raluca Iulia ◽

Paul Andrei Tent ◽

Juncar Mihai ◽

Arghir Ioan Anton ◽

Arghir Cristina Oana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Fracture Pattern ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Correct Treatment ◽

Zygomatic Bone ◽

Soft Tissue Lesions

Abstract Background The pattern of zygomatic bone fractures varies in the literature, their features being frequently masked by the presence of associated soft tissue lesions, which make clinical diagnosis and therapeutic indications difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of zygomatic bone fractures and their interrelation with concomitant overlying soft tissue lesions, in order to improve the diagnosis and the establishment of the correct treatment. We also aimed to assess the type of treatment methods applied depending on the fracture pattern of the zygomatic bone, as well as their effectiveness depending on the incidence rate of postoperative complications. Methods A 10-year retrospective evaluation of midface fractures was performed in patients diagnosed and treated in a tertiary Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Results The study included 242 patients with zygomatic bone fractures. The majority of the fractures were displaced n = 179 (73.90%), closed n = 179 (73.90%) and complete n = 219 (90.50%). Hematoma was the most frequent associated soft tissue lesion n = 102 (42.15%) regardless of the fracture pattern (p = 1.000). The incidence of lacerations and excoriations was statistically higher in the case of complete (laceration p = 0.0028/ excoriation p = 0.037), displaced and comminuted zygomatic fractures (laceration p = 0.015/ excoriation p = 0.001). The most frequent type of treatment applied was Gillies reduction (61.98%), followed by ORIF (30.99%). The most frequent postoperative complication was malunion secondary to Gillies treatment (p = 002). Conclusions Patients presenting lacerations and excoriations on clinical soft tissue examination will most frequently have an underlying complete, displaced or comminuted zygomatic fracture. The most effective treatment method in the case of displaced, open or comminuted fractures was ORIF, while in the case of non-displaced and closed fractures, conservative treatment was the most effective.

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