Epidemiology of Maxillofacial Fractures at a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia: A Retrospective Study

Background/Aim. Epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures (MFF) varies between populations. This study investigated the epidemiology of MFF treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).Methods. A retrospective review of 473 medical records of patients with MFF treated from June 2013 to December 2015 was conducted. Information on demographic characteristics of patients, aetiology of injury, types of MFF, and treatment was obtained. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-squared test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Results. Most patients treated for MFF were males (82.2%), aged 30 and below (63.1%), and from Malay ethnic (97.4%). Road traffic accident was the most common cause of MFF (83.1%), with motorcycle accident accounting for most injuries (73.6%). Orbital wall fracture was the most frequent MFF type (51.2%). About half of MFF patients (51.4%) were treated conservatively. Patients aged more than 20 years old were at higher odds of sustaining orbital wall fracture (AOR= 1.76; 95% CI: 1.214-2.558;P= 0.003) but were at lower odds of sustaining mandibular fracture (AOR= 0.47; 95% CI: 0.315-0.695;P= 0.001) than patients who are 20 years old and younger. Helmet use among motorcyclists was significantly associated with the nasal, orbital wall, and maxillary sinus wall fractures (P=0.006, 0.010, and 0.004, respectively).Conclusion. Motorcycle accident was the most common cause of MFF in Kelantan, Malaysia. Ages of patient and helmet use were associated with the type of MFF sustained. This study provides important information to facilitate the planning of MFF prevention strategies among motorcyclists and emphasizes the importance of using a helmet when riding a motorcycle.

Download Full-text

Pattern of Mandible fracture reported in a single institute: A retrospective analysis of 1230 cases to determine causes of facial trauma and preventive strategies in Lahore Population

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v11i1.648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Kirn Zulfiqar ◽

Faiz Rasul Awan

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Ethical Review ◽

Facial Trauma ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Anatomical Site ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Dental Hospital

Background: Maxillofacial fractures are the most commonly reported injuries in developed as well as developing countries, among all facial bones; mandible is most commonly fractured. The pattern of mandibular bone fracture has changed drastically over the past two decades due to increase occurrence of high velocity impact. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern and causes of mandibular fractures that have reported in the Department of Surgery at Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore. Methods: Ethical Review Committee of de’Montmorency College of Dentistry (DCD), Lahore, granted the Ethical approval for this retrospective study. Data was taken from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital (DCD/PDH) by using secondary data of indoor register from January 2017 to December 2020. Record which met our inclusion criteria was included in this study and record having incomplete data was excluded. A total of 1230 cases were entered in SPSS version 21 to determine descriptive statistic of the data. Percentages and frequencies of variables like gender, site of fracture and causes of fracture were calculated. Results: Our study included 1230 patients out of which 873 were males and 357 were females. The most affected age group was the fourth decade of life (38.1%) and the major etiological factor was road traffic accident (RTA) which led to fractures in 1067 patients (86.7%). Para-symphysis and symphysis was the most commonly affected area comprising of 36.2% of all fractures. The second most common sit was condyle (23.9%). Least commonly fractured site was coronoid process of the mandible. Conclusion: Cause of majority of mandible fractures is RTA and most commonly affected anatomical site were Para-symphysis and Symphysis.

Download Full-text

Patterns of Pediatric Facial Fractures

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1177/1943387521991738 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194338752199173

Author(s):

Kevin Hong ◽

James Jeong ◽

Yehudah N. Susson ◽

Shelly Abramowicz

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽

Vehicle Collisions ◽

Peak Incidence ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess patterns of maxillofacial trauma in the pediatric population in Atlanta. This information is important to help guide management and allocate resources for treatment of maxillofacial injuries at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA). Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of children who presented from 2006 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age 18 years old or younger, (2) presentation to emergency department, (3) diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures, and (4) evaluation by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology, or Plastic Surgery services. Medical records were reviewed to record demographic, mechanism of injury, fracture location, and yearly incidence of injury. Descriptive statistics were computed to summarize findings and overall trends. Results: During the study period, 39,833 patients were identified. Of them, 1995 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were male (n = 1359, 68%) with an average age of 9.4 years old (range of 1 month to 18 years old). Mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle collisions (MVC) (n = 597, 29.9%), fall (n = 565, 28.3%), sports injury (n = 317, 15.9%), pedestrian struck (n = 215, 10.8%), assault/abuse (n = 204, 10.2%), other (n = 81, 4.1%), or gunshot wound (n = 16, 0.8%). Fracture sites were mandible (n = 519, 26%), complex (n = 479, 24%), nasal (n = 419, 21%), dentoalveolar (n = 279, 14%), orbital (n = 259, 13%), and maxilla (n = 40, 2%). Males had a higher incidence of assault than females (n = 185, 91% of assaults). The incidence of maxillofacial trauma increased with age with a peak incidence in 13 to 16-year-olds (n = 566, 28.3%). During the years examined, there was an upward trend in MVCs as the etiology with a peak incidence of facial fractures due to MVCs occurring in 2015. All other mechanisms remained constant during this time period. Conclusions: There was an increase in pediatric facial fractures secondary to motor vehicle collisions from 2007 to 2015 despite improvements in regulations, traffic safety, and technology.

Download Full-text

Mandibular Bone Fractures in elderly patients with reference to etiology of trauma

10.53350/pjmhs211581920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1920-1922

Author(s):

Nabeela Riaz ◽

Samreen Younas ◽

Ijaz Ur Rehman ◽

Ahmad Abdul Haseeb ◽

Saba Hanif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

Mandibular Injuries

Aim: to explore the mandibular bone fractures in elderly patients with reference to etiology of trauma. Methodology: This was a descriptive study conducted in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery KEMU/ Mayo Hospital Lahore. Elderly patients (age 60-100years) with mandibular bone fractures. Results: Aetiology of trauma leading to mandibular fractures was as follows; there were 79(65.83%) cases of RTA, 32(26.66%) falls, 4(3.33%) assaults and there were only 3(2.5%) cases of industrial injury. Conclusion: To conclude, this study depicts that road traffic accidents were the predominant cause of injury in the studied age group. Elderly patients need more care and attention, especially after traumatic incidents and lead to financial burden in hospitals Keywords: Maxillofacial trauma, Elderly population, Mandibular injuries, Elderly fractures

Download Full-text

“AN ANALYSIS OF OPHTHALMIC INJURIES IN PATIENTS WITH MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA”

10.36106/ijsr/7102551 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 81-83

Author(s):

Sharmila. S ◽

Abhilash Balakrishnan ◽

Saji Nair .A ◽

Ajith Kumar.K

Keyword(s):

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Maxillofacial Trauma ◽

Facial Trauma ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Age Group ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Periorbital Oedema ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Ocular Injuries

PURPOSE OFTHE STUDY: To estimate the proportion and types of ophthalmic injuries in patients with maxillofacial fractures PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with maxillofacial trauma, who came to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Government Dental college Thiruvananthapuram from November 2020 to June 2021were included in this study. The information and data collected included age, sex, mechanism of injury, type of maxillofacial fracture and type of ophthalmic injury. RESULTS: Ocular injury was sustained by 209 patients out of which 180 (86.1%) were males and 29(13.9%)were females. The largest age group of patients associated with ophthalmic injuries were 30-39 years. The etiology of facial fractures or ocular injuries showed that road trafc accidents more frequently resulted in ocular injuries 66.5% followed by assault 18.7% and self fall 14.8%. Ophthalmic injuries occurred mostly in association with orbital fractures 33.5% followed by Zygomatico maxillary complex fracture 26.8%and Maxillary sinus fractures 24.4%. Periorbital oedema was the most common ophthalmic injury accounting for 46.4%of cases followed by Periorbital ecchymosis 35.4% and Subconjuntival haemorrhage 17.2%. CONCLUSION: Mid facial trauma commonly causes ophthalmic injuries of varying degrees. Prompt ophthalmic examination of all patients with mid facial trauma is mandatory to prevent any blinding complications

Download Full-text

Tratamento cirúrgico de fratura do complexo zigomatico orbital em paciente vítima de acidente desportivo: relato de caso

ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION ◽

10.21270/archi.v9i6.4925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 527-530

Author(s):

José Jhenikártery Maia de Oliveira ◽

Micaella Fernandes Farias ◽

Flaviana Laís Pereira dos Santos ◽

Artemisa Fernanda Moura Ferreira ◽

Lucas Alexandre de Morais Santos

Keyword(s):

Bone Fractures ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Facial Edema ◽

Nigerian Population ◽

Non Surgical Treatment

Introdução: Fraturas no complexo zigomático orbital podem resultar em deslocamento ósseo com alteração do volume orbital e distúrbios funcionais. As complicações associadas aos traumas dessa região podem vir a interferir diretamente na qualidade de vida do indivíduo, dessa forma, faz-se necessário a cirurgia de reposicionamento anatômico do osso. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de fratura do complexo zigomático orbital em paciente vítima de acidente desportivo. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, leucoderma, vítima de acidente desportivo, compareceu a um serviço de Cirurgia Bucomaxilofacial da cidade de Recife-PE, apresentando alterações anatômicas visíveis na região zigomática do lado esquerdo da face. Ao exame clínico observou-se assimetria facial, edema, equimose periorbital, hemorragia subconjuntival, perda de volume do lado afetado e desconforto relado pelo paciente, sugerindo fratura do complexo zigomático orbital. A Tomografia Computadorizada mostrou perda da projeção anteroposterior do corpo do osso zigomático esquerdo, com fratura no arco zigomático e descontinuidade da sutura esfenozigomática esquerdas. O corte tomográfico coronal evidenciou aprisionamento do conteúdo orbital por fragmentos presentes no assoalho da órbita, e fratura do pilar zigomático-maxilar. Através de acessos cirúrgicos peri-orbitais (superciliar e subtarsal) foi instalada 1 mini-placa com parafusos (1 em cada acesso), nas regiões da sutura fronto-zigomática e da margem infraorbital. Pelo acesso intraoral foi fixada uma placa no pilar zigomático-maxilar. O tratamento cirúrgico buscou acesso ao esqueleto da órbita, redução anatômica e fixação interna estável com mini-placas e parafusos. Considerações finais: Após 10 dias, observou-se o restabelecimento anatômico da projeção anteroposterior do osso zigomático direto, procedendo à melhora estético-funcional. Descritores: Anatomia Regional; Traumatologia; Fraturas Orbitárias. Referências Obimakinde OS, Ogundipe KO, Rabiu TB, Okoje VN. Maxillofacial fractures in a budding teaching hospital: a study of pattern of presentation and care. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;26:218. Ugboko V, Udoye C, Ndukwe K, Amole A, Aregbesola S. Zygomatic complex fractures in a suburban Nigerian population. Dent Traumatol. 2005;21(2):70-5. Zamboni RA, Wagner JCB, Volkweis MR, Gerhardt EL, Buchmann EM, Bavaresco CS. Epidemiological study of facial fractures at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Santa Casa de Misericordia Hospital Complex, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2017;44(5):491-97. Ramos JC, Almeida MLD, Alencar YCG, de Sousa Filho LF, Figueiredo CHMC, Almeida MSC. Estudo epidemiológico do trauma bucomaxilofacial em um hospital de referência da Paraíba. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2018;45(6):e1978. Wulkan M, Parreira Junior JG, Botter DA. Epidemiologia do trauma facial. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2005;51(5):290-95. Knight JS, North JF. The classification of malar fractures: an analysis of displacement as a guide to treatment. Br J Plast Su1961;13:325-39. Mendonça JCG, Crivelli DMB. Tratamento de fratura cominutiva do complexo zigomático orbitário com utilização de fio de aço: relato de caso. Rev Bras Cir Cabeça Pescoço. 2012; 41(2):93-5. Hupp JR, Tucker MR, Ellis E.Cirurgia oral e maxilofacial contemporânea. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2015. p. 1099-1113. Oliva MA. Acesso subciliar para fraturas do complexozigomático-orbitári. Rev Bras Cir Cabeça Pescoço. 2013;42(2):106-8. Soares LP, Gaião L, Santos MESM, Pozza DH, Oliveira MG. Indicações da Tomografia Computadorizada no Diagnóstico das Fraturas Nasoórbito-etmoidais. Rev de Clin Pesq Odontol. 2004;1(1):29-33. Kurita M, Okazaki M, Ozaki M, Tanaka Y, Tsuji N, Takushima A, et al. Patient satisfaction after open reduction and internal fixation of zygomatic bone fractures. J Craniofac Surg .2010;21(7):45–9. Hammer B. Fraturas orbitárias: Diagnóstico, tratamento cirúrgico, correções secundárias. São Paulo: Santos; 2005. Panarello F, Chaves Júnior AC, Leles JLR, Oliveira MG. Análise dos materiais empregados para a reconstrução das fraturas orbitárias – Revisão de literatura. RBC: Rev Int Cir Traumatol Bucomaxilofacial. 2005;3(9):57-64. Kloss FR, Stigler RG, Brandstätter A, Tuli T, Rasse M, Laimer K, Hächl OL, Gassner R. Complications related to midfacial fractures: operative versus non-surgical treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(1):33-7. Liedtke FS, Richinho KP, Pisanelli CH, Araf D. Fraturas do soalho da órbita do tipo ‘’Blow-out”: revisão de literatura. Revicience 2005;5(5):8-11.

Download Full-text

Maxillofacial Fractures in the Province of Pescara, Italy: A Retrospective Study

ISRN Otolaryngology ◽

10.1155/2014/101370 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Giuliano Ascani ◽

Francesca Di Cosimo ◽

Michele Costa ◽

Paolo Mancini ◽

Claudio Caporale

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Central Italy ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Common Causes ◽

Monthly Distribution ◽

Future Plans

The aim of the present study was to assess the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in the Province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Central Italy. Was performed a retrospective review of patients treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Spirito Santo Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Data collected and analyzed included sex, age, cause of injury, site of fracture, monthly distribution, and alcohol misuse. A total of 306 patients sustaining 401 maxillofacial fractures were treated. There were 173 males (56.5%) and 133 females (43.5%). Most of the patients (36.9%) were in the age group of 18–44 years. The most common causes of injuries were road traffic accidents (26.4%); the second leading cause was interpersonal violence (23.2%), followed by injuries associated with falls (19.2%). Fractures of the mandible (31%) and zygoma (23%) were the most common maxillofacial fractures in our study. The monthly distribution peaked in the summer (July and August, 30.4%) and in October (13.1%). In conclusion, this study confirms the close correlation between the incidence and etiology of facial fractures and the geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic features of a population. The data obtained provide important information for the design of future plans for injury prevention and for education of citizens.

Download Full-text

Association of Midfacial Fractures with Ophthalmic Injury

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1599228 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 099-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Constantinus Politis ◽

Alexandra Kluyskens ◽

Titiaan Dormaar

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Time Window ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Initial Management ◽

Midfacial Fractures ◽

The Mean ◽

The University

The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of ophthalmic complications following midfacial fractures and investigate its relation to surgical or nonsurgical treatment. This article is a retrospective study, describing the spectrum and incidence of ophthalmic injury in 106 patients presenting with midfacial fractures at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Hospitals Leuven over a period of 16 months (January 2013 to April 2014). The mean age of the patients was 45.6 years with a gender distribution of 68 men and 38 women. The main cause of trauma was road traffic accidents. Forty-one patients suffered an ophthalmic injury following the fracture. Twelve of them had a persistent ophthalmic problem. Ophthalmic examination is necessary during the initial management. The time window for preservation of sight is small and treatment should be started immediately. Development of an emergency trauma scale that includes fractures, symptoms of visual impairment, and patient history is recommended and should stimulate a multidisciplinary approach of complex cases.

Download Full-text

Maxillofacial fracture due to traffic accidents in motorcycle riders with helmets

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol27no2.26656 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Erza Kurniawan ◽

Alwin Kasim ◽

Herman Hambali

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Common Type ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Face Type ◽

Maxillofacial Fracture ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Full Face ◽

Motorcycle Accidents ◽

Surgery Department

Introduction: Many of maxillofacial fractures in traffic accidents, primarily occurred to motorcyclists. The fractures are strongly influenced by the use of helmets, either half-face or full-face helmets. The objective of this research was to obtain information about the fractures occurred to motorcyclist with helmets. Methods: The research was designed as a descriptive study and conducted in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital. Results: From January 2009 through November 2011, recorded as many as 116 out of 759 fracture cases (15.28%). Based on its occurrence, male motorcyclist (80.17%) was found more often than female (19.83%). The study also recorded that based on the type of helmets, the accident occurred of those using half-face type (86.33%) and 13.67% to those using full-face type. Conclusion: Maxillofacial fractures in motorcycle accidents are recorded as many as 116 fracture cases. The most common type of maxillofacial fracture is a dentoalveolar fracture. Maxillofacial fracture more occurred in male.

Download Full-text

An Epidemiological Analysis Of Maxillofacial Fractures: A 10-Year Cross-Sectional Cohort Retrospective Study Of 1007 Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-134124/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mihai Juncar ◽

Paul Andrei Tent ◽

Raluca Iulia Juncar ◽

Antonia Harangus ◽

Mircea Rivis

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Low Level ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Male Patients

Abstract Background: Epidemiological data is providing vital indicators for organizing the financial resources related to a particular type of trauma, estimating expenses and training of dental practioners and ambulatory medical staff for collaboration with a certain pattern of patients. Knowing the etiology and epidemiology of a certain pathology is significant for approaching its means of prevention.Methods: A 10-year retrospective statistical analysis of 1007 patients with maxillofacial fractures treated in a University Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Romania was performed. The data were extracted from patients’ medical records. Statistical analysis was performed. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The incidence of maxillofacial fractures was high among patients in the 20-29 age group (35.9%). Male patients (90.57%, M:F=9.6:1), having a low level of education (46.60%) and living in urban areas (53.50%) were more affected. The main cause of maxillofacial fractures was interpersonal violence (59.37%), both in the mandibular and midface topographic regions (p=0.001, p=0.002). In urban areas, fractures caused by interpersonal violence and road traffic accidents were predominant, while in rural areas, most of the fractures were due to interpersonal violence, domestic accidents, work accidents and animal attacks (p=0.001). Conclusions: Interpersonal violence is the main cause of maxillofacial fractures having epidemic proportions. Male patients aged 20-29 years with a low level of education represent the major risk category. Considering the wide area of interpersonal aggression, both the medical staff in the hospital and in the dental offices must be educated in order to collaborate with possible violent patients. Dentists must be prepared to work on a post-traumatic dento-periodontal field. Taking all measures to prevent inter-human aggression is imperative and will lead to a major decrease in maxillofacial fractures and an overall increase of oral health in a population.

Download Full-text

Etiology, pattern and outcome of management of facial lacerations in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Tanzania Journal of Health Research ◽

10.4314/thrb.v21i2.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Karpal Singh Sohal ◽

Jeremiah Robert Moshy

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Soft Tissue Injury ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Road Traffic Crash ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Muhimbili National Hospital ◽

National Hospital ◽

Female Ratio

Background: Facial laceration is amongst the commonly encountered soft tissue injury in the care of the traumatized patients, and its optimal treatment is important for minimizing subsequent complications. This study aimed at determining the etiology, pattern, and outcome of management of facial lacerations among patients attended at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. Methods: This was a four months’ prospective study of all consecutive patients with facial lacerations who were attended in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). The variables examined included socio-demographic characteristics, etiology of a facial laceration, prior management before referral to MNH, and the outcome of treatment. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS statistics for windows version 22 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) software. Results: Seventy-six patients with facial lacerations were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 8:1. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 57 years, with a mean age of 31.63 ± 10.02 years. Motor traffic crashes (51, 67.1%), violence (18, 23.7%) and falls (7, 9.2%) were the etiological factors. The commonest affected facial esthetic zones were forehead (25, 32.9%), and the upper lip (24, 31.6%). The majority (60%) of wounds that were sutured/repaired in other health facilities prior to referral to MNH had a poor approximation of wound edges. Scarring was the commonest complication. Conclusion: Facial laceration affected males eight times more than females. Road traffic crash was the most common etiological factor. The forehead was the most frequently affected facial esthetic zone. The majority of patients treated in other health facilities prior to referral to a tertiary hospital had poorly approximated wound edges. Scarring was the most common complication of facial lacerations.

Download Full-text