scholarly journals Peach Tree Growth as Influenced by Grass Species Used in a Killed-sod Planting System

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.V. Welker ◽  
D.M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planting System

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were planted in killed sod developed from five different grasses. Tree growth was evaluated within the killed-sod treatments, as well as between killed-sod and bare soil treatments. Canopy width, tree height, and trunk cross-sectional area were all greater in the killed-sod treatments than in the bare soil treatments. All five grasses tested were acceptable for developing a killed-sod mulch. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate); N1(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea (diuron); 5-chloro-3-(1-1-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (terbacil).

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of F1 Hybrid Peaches Developed from Doubled Haploids

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Scorza ◽  
Margaret Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
F1 Hybrid

Doubled haploid peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] lines were cross-pollinated to produce F1 hybrids. F1 hybrids were evaluated at 3, 7, 8, and 9 years after field planting for tree growth as measured by trunk cross-sectional area, and for fruit production as measured by total weight, total number, and production per unit trunk cross-sectional area. Fruit quality of most F1 hybrids was within the range of quality observed in progeny of standard peach cultivars, and tree growth and productivity were similar to those of standard cultivars. F1 hybrids present the possibility of developing scion varieties that can be produced from seed, thus eliminating the need for grafting scions onto rootstocks in situations where specific, adapted rootstocks are not necessary. They could also be used to develop genetically uniform seed-propagated rootstocks. The use of doubled haploid-derived F1 peach hybrids, however, would require reliable, efficient production techniques.

scholarly journals Comparative Vegetative Growth Responses of Two Peach Cultivars Grown on Size-controlling versus Standard Rootstocks

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Weibel ◽  
R. Scott Johnson ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Vegetative growth of two peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cultivars Flavorcrest and Loadel growing on six different rootstocks (`Nemaguard', `Hiawatha', K-146-43, K-146-44, P-30-135, and K-119-50) was analyzed during the third season of growth in an experimental orchard at the University of California Kearney Agricultural Center near Parlier, California. Seasonal trunk cross-sectional area, shoot and internode growth, diurnal stem extension growth rate and summer and dormant pruning weights were measured to determine extent of size-control imparted by the experimental rootstocks compared to the trees on the `Nemaguard' control and to characterize the nature of the sizecontrolling response. Trunk cross-sectional area growth of trees on the two smallest rootstocks (K-146-43 and K-146-44) was only 25% to 37% of the growth of trees on `Nemaguard', while trees on the other three rootstocks provided an intermediate level of size control. Generally, the seasonal patterns of shoot growth did not vary substantially among trees on the different rootstocks, but average shoot and internode lengths did correspond with tree size. Vigorous watersprout growth was decreased by more than 80% in the trees on the least vigorous rootstocks compared to trees on `Nemaguard' resulting in major reductions in the extent of summer and winter pruning weights. Variations in vegetative shoot growth appeared to correspond to variations in daily shoot extension growth rates but more research is needed to explore these relationships.

Chemical suppression of spininess in Geneva 30 apple rootstocks and its residual effects on nursery tree characteristics

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
T. Jacyna ◽  
T. Jacyna ◽  
J. Barnard ◽  
J. Barnard ◽  
J. N. Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cumulative Length ◽  
Tree Characteristics

A proprietary mixture of butralin + fatty alcohols or naphthaleneacetic acid were applied to reduce or prevent spininess in Geneva 30 apple rootstock. Rootstock liners were foliar treated with butralin + fatty alcohols or naphthaleneacetic acid, or hand-cleared. Spine regrowth responses to both compounds, expressed as spine cumulative length, were rate dependent and decreased as the concentration of the compound increased (P<0.003). Before budding, all rates of butralin + fatty alcohols or naphthaleneacetic acid (except naphthaleneacetic acid at 25 mg/L ), or hand-cleared reduced the number of spines and their cumulative length compared with controls. The rootstocks were budded to apple cv. ‘Jonagold’. None of the treatments caused significant spininess recurrence, or stimulated root suckering. All treatments reduced rootstock stem cross-sectional area, except butralin + fatty alcohols at 250 and 750 mg/L in comparison with control rootstock stem cross-sectional area. Budded rootstocks were transplanted into the nursery and grown for an additional year without chemical treatment. No adverse effects of previous treatments on tree characteristics were found, except a significant reduction in tree height caused by naphthaleneacetic acid at 200 mg/L. No differences in quality characteristics between trees grown on chemically or manually deshooted Geneva 30 rootstocks were found.

scholarly journals A Statistical Model to Estimate Potential Yields in Peach before Bloom

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Miranda Jiménez ◽  
J. Bernardo Royo Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Crop Density

Spring frosts are usual in many of Spain's fruit-growing areas, so it is common to insure crops against frost damage. After a frost, crop loss must be evaluated, by comparing what crop is left with the amount that would have been obtained under normal conditions. Potential crop must be evaluated quickly through the use of measurements obtainable at the beginning of the tree's growth cycle. During the years 1997 through 1999 and in 86 commercial plots of peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], the following measurements were obtained: trunk cross-sectional area (TCA, cm2), trunk cross sectional area per hectare (TCA/ha), estimated total shoot length per trunk cross-sectional area (SLT, shoot m/cm2 TCA), crop density (CD, amount of fruit/cm2 TCA), fruit weight (FW, g), yield efficiency (YE, kg of fruit/cm2 TCA), yield per tree (Y, kg fruit/tree) and days between full bloom and harvest (BHP, days). CD and average FW were related to the rest of the variables through the use of multiple regression models. The models which provided the best fit were CD = SLT - TCA/ha and FW = SLT + BHP - CD. These models were significant, consistent, and appropriate for all three years. The models' predictive ability was evaluated for 32 different plots in 2001 and 2002. Statistical analysis showed the models to be valid for the forecast of orchards' potential yield efficiency, so that they represent a useful tool for early crop prediction and evaluation of losses due to late frosts.

scholarly journals Tree Form and Heading Height at Planting Affect Peach Tree Yield and Crop Value

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald S. Sowers ◽  
Michele Choma Marini
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Canopy Volume

`Sweet Sue' peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees were subjected to a factorial arrangement of treatments. At planting, trees were headed at 10 or 70 cm above the bud union and trees were trained to an open-vase or central-leader form. For the first 4 years, high-headed trees were larger than low-headed trees. After 7 years, open-vase trees had larger trunk cross-sectional area, tree spread, and canopy volume than central-leader trees. Open-vase trees had higher yield and crop value per tree, but lower yield and crop value per unit of land area or unit of canopy volume than central-leader trees. Crop density and yield efficiency were similar for all treatments.

Leaf vascular architecture in the atypical C4 NADP – malic enzyme grass Arundinella hirta

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1208-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Dengler ◽  
Nancy G. Dengler
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vascular Architecture ◽  
Arundinella Hirta

Leaf anatomy, particularly vascular organization, of the grass species Arundinella hirta is atypical for a C4 NADP – malic enzyme species. Most conspicuously, interveinal distances are large, more similar to those of C3 than C4 species. When the longitudinal files of the bundle-sheath-like distinctive cells are included with vein counts, interveinal distance falls within the range for the C4 NADP – malic enzyme biochemical type. A quantitative analysis of the lengths of distinctive cell files shows that ca. 22% lack any contact with transverse veins or other vascular tissue. This reinforces the idea that the functional significance of typical C4 anatomy is the spatial relationship between bundle sheath tissue and mesophyll. While the general features of blade and sheath vascular architecture of A. hirta are shared with other C3 and C4 grass species, the wide vein spacing potentially creates limitations on the rate of loading photosynthate into vein phloem that are not experienced by other C4 species. Measurements of phloem cross-sectional area per vein and total phloem cross-sectional area give no indication of a constriction in conductive capacity within the leaf blade or sheath. These observations provide an essential background for studies of short- and long-distance translocation of 14C-labelled photosynthate in this atypical species.

scholarly journals The Effect of Preplant Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilizer and Compost on the Growth and Yield of 'Macoun' Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1854-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renae E. Moran ◽  
James R. Schupp
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional

'Macoun'/B.9 apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees were planted in May 1998 in ± compost or ± monoammonium phosphate (MAP) for a total of four preplant treatments: 1) 90 g phosphorus (P) per tree, 2) 128 kg compost per tree, 3) 90 g P and 128 kg compost per tree, and 4) and an untreated control. MAP did not increase tree growth or yield in any year of the study. Compost increased canopy width into the sixth year after planting, and increased tree height and trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) into the seventh year. Annual yield was increased by compost in the fifth and seventh years, but not fourth or sixth year after planting. Compost increased cumulative yield in the sixth and seventh years.

scholarly journals Bloom Thinning of `Winblo' Peach and `Fantasia' Nectarine with Monocarbamide Dihydrogensulfate

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Myers ◽  
Andrew King ◽  
Amy T. Savelle
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional

Mature `Winblo'/Lovell peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees in Georgia were treated with five concentrations of D-88, a 79 % to 82 % active ingredient formulation of monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate: 0 (water only), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 ml·liter-1. All treatments were made by airblast application at 1200 liters·ha-1 when trees were at 95% full bloom. The number of flowers on three limbs per tree was counted 3 days before and fruitlets 25 days following treatment. Regression analysis revealed a linear thinning response to concentration, with 10.0 m1·liter-1 reducing the number of flowers per limb cross-sectional area by 56% over the nonthinned control. Mature `Fantasia' nectarine trees in New Zealand were treated with four concentrations of D-88: 0 (water only), 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 ml·liter-1. All treatments were made by handgun application to runoff when trees were ≈2 days past full bloom. The number of flowers per limb was counted 6 days before and fruit 62 days following treatment. Regression analysis revealed a linear thinning response to concentration, with 5.0 ml·liter-1 reducing the number of flowers per limb by 55 % over the nonthinned control. Total yield (kilograms of fruit) per tree was the same for all treatments, although fruit size on sprayed trees was larger. No phytotoxicity or fruit finish injury was observed.

Pelvic Canal Narrowing Caused by Triple Pelvic Osteotomy in the Dog

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Holmberg ◽  
M. B. Hurtig ◽  
H. R. Sukhiani
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canal Width ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Post Operative Complications

SummaryDuring a triple pelvic osteotomy, rotation of the free acetabular segment causes the pubic remnant on the acetabulum to rotate into the pelvic canal. The resulting narrowing may cause complications by impingement on the organs within the pelvic canal. Triple pelvic osteotomies were performed on ten cadaver pelves with pubic remnants equal to 0, 25, and 50% of the hemi-pubic length and angles of acetabular rotation of 20, 30, and 40 degrees. All combinations of pubic remnant lengths and angles of acetabular rotation caused a significant reduction in pelvic canal-width and cross-sectional area, when compared to the inact pelvis. Zero, 25, and 50% pubic remnants result in 15, 35, and 50% reductions in pelvic canal width respectively. Overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment should be minimized to reduce postoperative complications due to pelvic canal narrowing.When performing triple pelvic osteotomies, the length of the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment and the angle of acetabular rotation both significantly narrow the pelvic canal. To reduce post-operative complications, due to narrowing of the pelvic canal, overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the length of the pubic remnant should be minimized.

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