scholarly journals Bloom Thinning of `Winblo' Peach and `Fantasia' Nectarine with Monocarbamide Dihydrogensulfate

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Myers ◽  
Andrew King ◽  
Amy T. Savelle
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional

Mature `Winblo'/Lovell peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees in Georgia were treated with five concentrations of D-88, a 79 % to 82 % active ingredient formulation of monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate: 0 (water only), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 ml·liter-1. All treatments were made by airblast application at 1200 liters·ha-1 when trees were at 95% full bloom. The number of flowers on three limbs per tree was counted 3 days before and fruitlets 25 days following treatment. Regression analysis revealed a linear thinning response to concentration, with 10.0 m1·liter-1 reducing the number of flowers per limb cross-sectional area by 56% over the nonthinned control. Mature `Fantasia' nectarine trees in New Zealand were treated with four concentrations of D-88: 0 (water only), 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 ml·liter-1. All treatments were made by handgun application to runoff when trees were ≈2 days past full bloom. The number of flowers per limb was counted 6 days before and fruit 62 days following treatment. Regression analysis revealed a linear thinning response to concentration, with 5.0 ml·liter-1 reducing the number of flowers per limb by 55 % over the nonthinned control. Total yield (kilograms of fruit) per tree was the same for all treatments, although fruit size on sprayed trees was larger. No phytotoxicity or fruit finish injury was observed.

scholarly journals A Method for Assessing the Relationship Between Cropload and Crop Value Following Fruit Thinning

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Stover ◽  
Ferdinand Wirth ◽  
Terence Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
The Relationship

Analysis of apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and citrus thinning experiments indicates that the relationships between cropload, fruit size, and total yield can be used to assess optimal cropload for highest crop value. Mean fruit size increased and total yield declined as the cropload (number of fruit/cm2 trunk cross-sectional area) was reduced through the use of chemical thinners. Because crop value is influenced by fruit size and total yield, intermediate croploads gave the highest economic returns in all experiments evaluated. For `Empire' apple, croploads greater than those expected to provide good return bloom often produced the highest crop value for a single year. In citrus, optimal crop values resulted from a broad range of intermediate croploads. A method is described to analyze optimum cropload from thinning experiments.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF OWN-ROOTED AND JUNE-BUDDED 'REDHAVEN' PEACH TREES AT TWO HEADING HEIGHTS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 590b-590
Author(s):  
Dwight Wolfe ◽  
Gerald Brown
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peach Trees

`Redhaven' peach [Purnus persica (L.) Batsch] trees which were either own-rooted (OR) or June-budded (JB) the previous year were headed back at planting to either (1) 70-85 cm above the soil surface (CH, conventional heading) or (2) the first bud 20-30 cm above the soil surface (LH, low heading). Propagation method had no effect on fruit yield in 1988 or trunk cross-sectional area; however, total yield in 1987, and the cululative yield for 1987 and 1988 were significantly greater for JB trees than for OR trees. LH reduced survival of OR trees, but not the JB ones. Cold injury was greater for the OR trees than for the JB ones. Neither propagation nor heading height influenced bloom density, fruit set in 1987, or fruit size in 1988. However, OR trees which were conventionally headed produced larger fruits in 1987 than did JB trees the same year.

Growth, yield and preliminary selection of seedling guavas in Queensland

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
KR Chapman ◽  
B Paxton ◽  
J Saranah ◽  
PD Scudamore-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Preliminary Selection

Five guava seedlines of Hawaiian origin, namely GA9-37, GA12-1 6, GA10-48, GA11-56 and GA9-39 were yield tested in coastal sub-tropical south-eastern Queensland. The work demonstrated that seedling guavas produce attractive yields comparable with overseas countries. First crop mean yields were 30.72 kg/tree after 18 months in the field, demonstrating the precocious bearing of the guava. Yields for second and third cropping years were 45.6 and 77.9 kg/tree. These yields equate to 24.7, 37.2 and 61.5 tonnes ha-1 at a planting density of 805 trees ha-1. Third crop yields give the attractive gross returns of around $15,000 ha-1, at current prices paid by processors in Queensland. No differences were found between seedlines in annual yields, accumulated crop yields, fruit Number/tree, annual yield per unit cross sectional area of butt (an index of fruitfulness) and accumulated yield per unit cross sectional area of butt. Within seedline, variability masked differential response and these aspects are discussed. Fruit yields and relative increase in butt cross sectional area of butt varied with cropping year. Fruit. number per tree and yield per unit cross sectional area of butt varied with years, as did fruit number per kg (an index of fruit size). The latter also varied with seedlines. These effects were attributed to water rationing in spring of the second crop year. Preliminary selection based on fruit quality aspects of individuals identified four individuals which are undergoing detailed processing assessment, namely GA9-39R1T2, GA11-56T7, GA11-56R5T2 and GA1 1-56R5T1. Two further individuals were selected for fresh fruit market testing, namely GA11-56T3 and GA11 -56R1T1. We believe that market development rather than horticultural problems to be overcome will dictate the success of the guava as a crop for Australia, since the guava is comparatively easy to grow and manage.

scholarly journals 745 PB 079 SINK SIZE IN GAs-TREATED AND POLLINATED RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY FRUITS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 539g-539
Author(s):  
Raouel Cano-Medrano ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Fruit

Exogenous applications of GA, have induced pathenocarpic fruit set in blueberry; however, size of GA,-treated fruit is smaller than pollinated fruit. The small fruit size in GA3-treated fruit may be related to either cell number and/or cell size. Thus, these parameters were examined throughout development in pollinated, non-pollinated and GA3-treated fruits. Fruit growth followed a double sigmoid pattern. During Stage I (0-25 DAA), fruit size in GA,-treated, pollinated, and non-pollinated fruits averaged 0.33, 0.39, and 0.16 g, respectively. There was little change in fruit size in Stage II (25-45 DAA). At ripening, fruit size averaged 1.7 g for GA,-treated and 2.6 g for pollinated fruits. Non-pollinated fruit abscised in Stage II. At anthesis, mesocarp cell number averaged 9910 cells per median cross sectional area and remained constant up to ripening. In Stage I, cell size in G A3-treated and pollinated fruits increased 7X and 9X respectively. Cell size in both fruit types increased 1.5X and 2.8X during Stage II and Stage 111, respectively. Fruit cell number was set at anthesis and differences in fruit size were due to differences in cell ellongation in Stage I.

Ethephon concentration and timing effects on thinning Winter Cole pears

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Bound ◽  
KM Jones ◽  
TB Koen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Intermediate Result ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Timing Effects ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Response Variables

Ethephon was tested as a thinner for mature Winter Cole pear trees in a trial conducted at Nubeena in south-eastem Tasmania during the 1988-89 season. Trees were treated with ethephon (0, 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/L) at full bloom or 11 days after full bloom, or at both times. Models were fitted to the response variables of numbers of fruit per cm2 limb cross-sectional area and per 100 blossom clusters. The full bloom sprays removed significantly (P<0.05) more fruit than the later sprays. Spraying at both times gave an unexpected intermediate result between the full bloom and the later sprays. Although most treatments produced more thinning than the control, only the higher concentrations of ethephon applied at full bloom or at both times were close to achieving the required thinning results. It was concluded that although ethephon applied at full bloom is a feasible thinner for pears, further work is needed before accurate recommendations on concentration or time of application can be made.

scholarly journals A Method for Quantifying Whole-tree Pruning Severity in Mature Tall Spindle Apple Plantings

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Schupp ◽  
H. Edwin Winzeler ◽  
Thomas M. Kon ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Tara A. Baugher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Whole Tree

Pruning is the cutting away of vegetation from plants for horticultural purposes. Pruning is known to reduce apple tree size, increase fruit size and quality, and decrease yield. Methods for studying the effects of varying degrees of severity of pruning on a whole-tree basis have used qualitative descriptions of treatments rather than repeatable whole-tree quantitative metrics. In this study, we introduce a pruning severity index calculated from the sum of the cross-sectional area of all branches on a tree at 2.5 cm from their union to the central leader divided by the cross-sectional area of its central leader at 30 cm from the graft union. This limb to trunk ratio (LTR) was then modified by successively removing the largest branches of ‘Buckeye Gala’ to achieve six severity levels ranging from LTR 0.5 to LTR 1.75, with lower values representing more extreme pruning with less whole-tree limb area relative to trunk area. Pruning treatments were applied for three consecutive years and tree growth and cropping responses were observed for the first 2 years. With increasing pruning severity the following characteristics increased after seasonal growth: number of renewal limbs, number of shoots, shoot length, number of shoot leaves, shoot leaf area, final fruit set, fruit size, yield of large fruit, crop value from large fruit, soluble solids, and titratable acidity. The following characteristics decreased: limb age, number of secondary limbs, number of spurs, number of spur leaves, spur leaf area, the ratio of spur leaf area to shoot leaf area, fruit count per tree, yield, yield efficiency, crop value from small fruit, overall crop value, and sugar:acid ratio. The LTR provides a measurable way to define and create different levels of pruning severity and achieve consistent outcomes. This allows a greater degree of accuracy and precision to dormant pruning of tall spindle apple trees. The use of the LTR to establish the level of pruning severity allows the orchard manager to set crop load potential through regulation of the canopy bearing surface. This metric is also a necessary step in the development of autonomous pruning systems.

scholarly journals Comparative Vegetative Growth Responses of Two Peach Cultivars Grown on Size-controlling versus Standard Rootstocks

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Weibel ◽  
R. Scott Johnson ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Vegetative growth of two peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cultivars Flavorcrest and Loadel growing on six different rootstocks (`Nemaguard', `Hiawatha', K-146-43, K-146-44, P-30-135, and K-119-50) was analyzed during the third season of growth in an experimental orchard at the University of California Kearney Agricultural Center near Parlier, California. Seasonal trunk cross-sectional area, shoot and internode growth, diurnal stem extension growth rate and summer and dormant pruning weights were measured to determine extent of size-control imparted by the experimental rootstocks compared to the trees on the `Nemaguard' control and to characterize the nature of the sizecontrolling response. Trunk cross-sectional area growth of trees on the two smallest rootstocks (K-146-43 and K-146-44) was only 25% to 37% of the growth of trees on `Nemaguard', while trees on the other three rootstocks provided an intermediate level of size control. Generally, the seasonal patterns of shoot growth did not vary substantially among trees on the different rootstocks, but average shoot and internode lengths did correspond with tree size. Vigorous watersprout growth was decreased by more than 80% in the trees on the least vigorous rootstocks compared to trees on `Nemaguard' resulting in major reductions in the extent of summer and winter pruning weights. Variations in vegetative shoot growth appeared to correspond to variations in daily shoot extension growth rates but more research is needed to explore these relationships.

scholarly journals Yield Components among Sour Cherry Seedlings

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy F. Iezzoni ◽  
Colleen A. Mulinix
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sib Families

Yield components were measured from 115 sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) hybrid seedlings from 13 full-sib families to investigate the potential of breeding for increased yield. Those families with the highest number of fruit and reproductive buds had the highest yields. In general, increased fruit size was not able to compensate for low fruit count. Fruit set and flower count per bud were inversely related, suggesting compensation between these two components. Yield components from six selections chosen for differing fruiting habits were measured for an additional 2 years. In year 1, those selections with a majority of their fruit on l-year-old wood had higher yield efficiencies (yield per branch cross-sectional area) than those with fruit on spurs; however, but year 3, the higher-yielding selections were those that fruited primarily on spurs. The data are discussed relative to selecting for yield in a sour cherry breeding program.

scholarly journals Evaluation of several less known pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars in the climatic conditions of Lower Silesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Sosna ◽  
Daria Kortylewska
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Lower Silesia

The aim of this study was to evaluate flowering, yielding, fruit quality, and growth of several less known pear cultivars growing in the climatic conditions of Lower Silesia. The experiment was conducted in the years 2006–2010 in the Fruit Experimental Station located in Samotwór near Wrocław. In spring 2006, trees of several less known pear cultivars were planted: 'Isolda', 'Hortensia', 'Fertilia Delbard Delwilmor', 'Wyżnica', 'Nojabrskaja' ('Xenia®'), 'Uta', 'David' on Caucasian pear (<em>Pyru</em><em>s caucasica </em>Fed.), 'Bohemica' on quince S1 (<em>Cydoni</em><em>a oblonga </em>Mill.) as well as 'Morava' and 'Blanka' on both these rootstocks. The highest total yield in the years 2007–2010 was recorded for the 'Nojabrskaja' and 'Wyżnica' cultivars. The 'Blanka' cultivar produced the largest fruit, while fruits of the 'Isolda' cultivar were significantly the smallest. The largest growth and cross-sectional area of the trunk were recorded for the trees of the 'Wyżnica' cultivar, while the smallest were observed in the case of 'Morava', in which the thickness of the trunk was similar on both rootstocks. The 'Morava' cultivar grafted on quince S1 formed the smallest crowns. On the other hand, 'Isolda' and 'Hortensia' were among the cultivars that produced the largest crowns.

scholarly journals Cropping Efficiency of Young `Fuji' Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 886A-886
Author(s):  
Preston K. Andrews ◽  
Margaret L. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Fuji Apple

Effects of crop load and time of thinning on productivity of young `Fuji'/M.9 apple trees were tested by hand blossom (B) or fruit (F) thinning to two crop densities (fruit number/trunk cross-sectional area). Heavy (H) crop densities resulted in higher yields in both 2nd and 3rd leaf than light (L) crop densities. Time of thinning had no effect on yields in either year. In the 2nd leaf, fruit size was largest from trees B thinned to L crop densities, and smallest from trees F thinned to either crop density from mid-June through harvest. Both 1° and 2° vegetative growth were greatest in noncropped trees, intermediate in trees with L crops, and least in trees with H crops. Noncropped 2nd-1eaf trees had the highest flowering indices (flower clusters/100 total buds) the following spring and H cropped trees had the lowest. The flowering index was higher when trees were B thinned in the 2nd leaf than when F thinned. In the 3rd leaf, fruit size was largest when borne on weak upright shoots, intermediate on spurs, and smallest on 1-year-old terminal wood. Fruit on spurs had the highest incidence of sunscald (17%) and fruit on weak upright shoots the lowest (8%). Previous-season crop densities affected current-season's vegetative and fruit growth.

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