scholarly journals Medium Overlays for Improved Hardening of Micropropagated Potatoes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 794-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Crane ◽  
Harrison Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
In Vitro Environment ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Nodal Cuttings ◽  
Centennial Russet

Plantlets of Solarium tuberosum L. `Russet Burbank', `Sangre', and `Centennial Russet' were grown in vitro from nodal cuttings. A medium overlay was used to reduce the humidity of the in vitro environment. This treatment was tested for its effect on plant growth and on the rate of water loss from detached leaves. The latter was assayed as indicative of hardening and consequent survival of plantlets once removed from in vitro culture. The paraffin medium overlay reduced the rate of water loss from detached leaves of cultured plantlets, but also reduced root growth.

scholarly journals Application of Light-Emitting Diodes for Improving the Nutritional Quality and Bioactive Compound Levels of Some Crops and Medicinal Plants

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Woo-Suk Jung ◽  
Ill-Min Chung ◽  
Myeong Ha Hwang ◽  
Seung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Cell Defense ◽  
Led Irradiation

Light is a key factor that affects phytochemical synthesis and accumulation in plants. Due to limitations of the environment or cultivated land, there is an urgent need to develop indoor cultivation systems to obtain higher yields with increased phytochemical concentrations using convenient light sources. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have several advantages, including consumption of lesser power, longer half-life, higher efficacy, and wider variation in the spectral wavelength than traditional light sources; therefore, these devices are preferred for in vitro culture and indoor plant growth. Moreover, LED irradiation of seedlings enhances plant biomass, nutrient and secondary metabolite levels, and antioxidant properties. Specifically, red and blue LED irradiation exerts strong effects on photosynthesis, stomatal functioning, phototropism, photomorphogenesis, and photosynthetic pigment levels. Additionally, ex vitro plantlet development and acclimatization can be enhanced by regulating the spectral properties of LEDs. Applying an appropriate LED spectral wavelength significantly increases antioxidant enzyme activity in plants, thereby enhancing the cell defense system and providing protection from oxidative damage. Since different plant species respond differently to lighting in the cultivation environment, it is necessary to evaluate specific wavebands before large-scale LED application for controlled in vitro plant growth. This review focuses on the most recent advances and applications of LEDs for in vitro culture organogenesis. The mechanisms underlying the production of different phytochemicals, including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant enzymes, have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Method for maintenance of coffee leaves in vitro for mass rearing of Leucoptera coffeellum (Guérin-Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Reis Jr. ◽  
Lima ◽  
Evaldo F. Vilela ◽  
Raimundo S. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Survival ◽  
The Ideal

To accomplish systematic studies with coffee leafminer, it is necessary to establish a mass rearing system under artificial conditions. It is possible to rear this species, from egg to adult, under laboratory conditions, without using coffee seedlings but detached leaves maintained in vitro. Synthetic cytokinins are routinely used for maintenance of plant cell and plant tissues in vitro. Two plant growth regulators, benzyladenin and kinetin, in concentrations 10-6 and 10-7 M were used to mantain the leaves. Green leaves collected in the field were maintained in the solution to be tested. Distilled water served as control. The experiment lasted 30 days, a period longer than the necessary for the complete development of the insect. Both artificial cytokinines indeed increased the lifetime of the coffee leaves, maintaining them green and healthy. Leaves placed in the cages for oviposition were attractive to the insect, with significant number of eggs per leaf. In most cases, eggs resulted in individuals that completed the whole developmental cycle. Tests with regulator in different concentrations with healthy leaves showed efficiency. However, we believe that hormone concentrations to be used with mined leaves should be larger, because these when maintained at 10-7 M leaves did not present a satisfactory lifetime. Therefore, tests with mined leaves with different hormone concentrations should be made to find out the ideal concentration for leaf survival. In our laboratory we are successfully using 10-6 M benzyladenin for the maintenance of mined leaves.

Fish effluents promote root growth and suppress fungal diseases in tomato transplants

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Gravel ◽  
Martine Dorais ◽  
Dipa Dey ◽  
Grant Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness ◽  
Nutrient Value

Gravel, V., Dorais, M., Dey, D. and Vandenberg, G. 2015. Fish effluents promote root growth and suppress fungal diseases in tomato transplants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 427–436. Aquaculture systems generate large amounts of wastes which may constitute a beneficial amendment for horticultural crop in terms of nutrients, plant growth promoter and disease suppressiveness. This study aimed to determine (1) the nutrient value of rainbow trout farming effluents coming from two feed regimes and (2) the plant growth and disease suppressiveness effects of those fish farming effluents on tomato transplants. The effluent sludge from Skretting Orient™ (SO) had a higher content of P (38 vs. 32 mg L−1), K (23 vs. 11 mg L−1), N (19 vs. to 11 mg NO3 L−1; 186 vs. 123 mg NH4 L−1), and a higher NO3:NH4 ratio (1:9 vs. 1:13) compared with the Martin Classic (MC), while MC was richer in Mg (42 vs. 24 mg L−1) and Ca (217 vs. 169 mg L−1). For the first trial, a stimulating effect of the fish effluent was observed on plant height, leaf area and root dry biomass, while only the root biomass was increased during the second trial. Fish sludge was rich in microorganisms (97 and 142 µg fluorescein h−1 mL−1 for SO and MC, respectively) and their ability to suppress Pythium ultimum Trow and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen was observed. Both crude fish effluents reduced in vitro mycelial growth of P. ultimum and F. oxysporum, by 100 and 32%, respectively, while MC effluents showed a higher inhibition against F. oxysporum. When fish effluents were sterilized by filtration or autoclaving, lower in vitro inhibition of P. ultimum and F. oxysporum was observed. Mixed fish effluents reduced tomato plant root colonization by P. ultimum (by up to 5.7-fold) and F. oxysporum (by up to 2.1-fold). These results showed that fish effluent can be used as soil amendments to promote plant growth and increase soil suppressiveness, which in turn can prevent soil-borne diseases.

In vitro culture variation of wheat and rye caused by genes affecting plant growth habit in vivo

Euphytica ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Ben Amer ◽  
A. J. Worland ◽  
A. B�rner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Plant Growth Habit

scholarly journals A Modified Nodal Cutting Bioassay for Assessing Salinity Tolerance in Potato (Solanum sp.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 752E-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
D. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Nodal Cutting ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Nodal Cuttings ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Night Period

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered moderately sensitive to salinity stress. Yields can be adversely affected by salinity at EC levels of 2 to 3 dS·m–1. In vitro screening and selection for salinity tolerance may be faster and more reliable than traditional field assessment. A modified nodal cutting bioassay was developed based on that of Morpurgo (1991) and used to rank the salinity tolerance of several potato cultivars, wild Solanum species, and their hybrids. Nodal cuttings were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium which included NaCl at 0, 40, 80, and 120 mM. After 4 weeks at 25C and 16/8 h day/night period, vegetative growth parameters were assessed. Hybrids derived from S. chacoense outperformed hybrids of other wild species, their wild parents, and S. tuberosum cultivars. `Russet Burbank' and `Kennebec' were more salinity-tolerant than the three other cultivars tested.

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