Morphogenesis of Anthers Isolated From Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L.) In Vitro

This study aimed to optimize the steps of obtaining regenerated cabbage plants by direct embryogenesis from isolated anthers and ovaries. Stepwise pretreatment of inflorescences was usedfor the studied hybrids and inbred lines. First, the inflorescences were placed in water and kept at a temperature of +4-6∘C for one day without the use of biologically active substances. Then the inflorescences were placed in a solution of the drug Dropp (10 mg/l) and cultivated for two days. After that, the anthers and ovaries were isolated from the flower buds and cultured on the MS culture medium at a temperature of + 32∘C for one day. The cultivation of the isolated explants on a nutrient medium (containing 0.01 mg/lof Dropp, 1.0 mg/lof NAA, 500 mg/lof asparagine, 100 mg/l of tyrosine, and 10 g/l of sucrose)led to an increase in their morphogenetic potential in the culture of anthers and ovaries (by 3.42% and 5.54%, respectively).A cytological method was usedto demonstrate the haploid nature of the regenerating plants. The number of chromosomes in the root meristem andleaves, and the chloroplasts in the closing cells of the stomatawere calculated. Keywords: cabbage, culture in vitro, regenerated plants, anthers, ovaries, reproductive organs

In vitro propagation of the genus Echinacea Moench representatives

The regenerative capacity of Echinacea hybrid cultivar Mama Mia and the selected somaclonal variegated variant at the propagation and rooting stages was compared. The influence of the 6-BAP concentration in the MS culture medium on the microrosette formation at the propagation stage was studied. The highest morphogenetic potential of the selected form in comparison with the cultivar Mama Mia was found. It was shown that ½ MS culture medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/L IAA was the optimal medium for effective development of the root system of the genus Echinacea representatives at the rooting stage.

MANAGEMENT OF MORPHOGENESIS IN THE CULTURE OF HIGHER PLANTS IN VITRO

The paper presents the results of the application of vacuum infiltration of primary explants isolated from plants of different taxonomic groups (Ipomoea batatas (L.), Chrysanthemum indicum (L.) Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var cymosa Duch.). It was experimentally established that the proposed technology increases the morphogenetic potential of cultivated explants by 4 times, and for sweet potatoes-by 30%.

Screening of growth-simulating activity of synthetic compounds - pyrimidine derivatives

New synthetic compounds — pyrimidine derivatives — were screened to select the most effective of them, which show a growth-regulating activity in plants. Their action was compared with phytohormones of the auxin class. In particular, the effect of synthetic compounds on the seed germination, growth, and development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants of Lagidny variety in vivo and in vitro was studied. It was found that some of the studied compounds have a positive effect on the morphometric and biochemical parameters of 30-day-old plants: compounds D1-D5 increased seed germination up to 9-27 %, the most effective among them was compound D1. Compounds D1 and D2 increased the height of the shoots up to 29 %. All the studied compounds effectively influenced the rooting of plants, increasing either the length of the roots (up to 8 %) or their number (up to 25 %), the most effective among them was the compound D2. The effect of these compounds on the morphogenetic potential of tomato explants was studied in vitro for the first time. It was found that compounds D1 and D2 were the most effective for the direct plant regeneration. Screened compounds can be further recommended for the use in various biotechnological programs for genetic improvement of tomatoes.

Influence of the temperature factor on regeneration features of Silene Jailensis N.I. Rubtzov and Crepis Purpurea (Willd.) M. Bieb. and the content of phenolic substances in vitro

The results of temperature influence on the regeneration of microshoots and the level of phenolic compounds in microshoots of two rare plant species under in vitro conditions are presented. It is shown that the maximum growth of the main and the formation of adventitious shoots, leaves occurred at a temperature of 21- 23°C. Reconnaissance experiments on the biochemical study of organs and tissues of the studied species were conducted. It was found that the leaves contain high concentrations of phenolic substances and are characterized by a wide variety of components. It is shown that as the temperature increased, the content of the sum of phenolic substances increased, which negatively affected the morphogenetic potential of the studied species.

Some features of clonal micropropagation of decorative cultivars of Amelanchier Medik.

In vitro culture conditions were optimized for representatives of the genus Amelanchier Medik. at the stages of micropropagation and rooting. A significant effect of the mineral and hormonal compositions of culture media on the morphogenetic potential of the cultivars of serviceberry has been established. The use at the stage of micropropagation of the MS culture medium with addition 1,0 mg / L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) promoted the active microshoot regeneration of the studied genotypes. For the induction of rhizogenesis the type of auxin as IB A at a concentration of 1,0 mg / L was used.

Research of carbohydrate type influence on Lonicera caerulea l. Morphogenetic potential in vitro

The clonal micropropagation technique of valuable Lonicera caerulea L. varieties (Indigo Gem, Moskovskaya 23, Diana, Jugana) has been improved. The effect of various types and concentrations of carbohydrates on microshoots regeneration of the genus Lonicera L. representatives was studied. It is shown that the concentration of carbohydrates has the greatest effect on microshoots height and the type of carbohydrate nutrition has the greatest effect on multiplication factor. The type of carbohydrate nutrition (42 %) had the greatest influence on multiplication factor. Peculiarities of varieties, genetic characteristics interaction, carbohydrate nutrition type and concentration had a lesser effect (20 %, 14 % and 11 % respectively). The variety Moskovskaya 23 was characterized by the highest microshoots number (49.6 mm). The highest multiplication factor in the studied varieties, regardless of the type of carbohydrate nutrition, was observed at concentration of 40 g/l (11.57).