STOCKPLANT ETIOLATION AND SHOOT AGE EFFECTS ON ANATOMY AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF CARPINUS BETULUS `FASTIGIATA

New shoot growth of Carpinus betulus `fastigiata' was treated with stockplant etiolation and stem banding treatments and sampled for anatomical study at intervals over a 16-week period of greening following etiolation. Shading effects on the anatomy of the stem were also investigated. Numerous anatomical changes were noted with stem age and stockplant treatment. Among these were etiolation effects on the lignification of the secondary xylem, thickness of the periderm, and an increase in the percentage of sclereid-free gaps in the perivascular sclerenchyma, Stem banding increased the widths of the cortex and pith. Concomitant propagation studies revealed significant etiolation, shading, and banding effects on rooting percentages and root numbers. Using multiple linear regression methods rooting capacity was modelled best by linear combinations of the widths of the pith, non-lignified secondary xylem, cortical parenchyma and periderm, as well as the percentage of gaps in the sclerenchymatic sheath remaining non-sclerified. It is proposed that the development of sclereids in potential rooting sites reduces rooting potential. The exclusion of light during initial shoot development retards sclereid development by up to 3 months following treatment, which correlates well with observed increases in the rooting potential of etiolated and/or banded stems.

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Effects of Auxin Concentration and Medium Temperature on Four Woody Plant Taxa Propagated by Stem Cuttings using Recirculating Subirrigation in a Growth Chamber

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-21.3.126 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 126-130

Author(s):

James S. Owen ◽

William A. Johnson ◽

Brian K. Maynard

Keyword(s):

Root Formation ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Adventitious Root Formation ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Number ◽

Medium Temperature ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Auxin Treatment ◽

Auxin Concentration ◽

Propagation Medium

Abstract Four woody plant taxa (‘Sparkleberry’ holly, ‘Mariesii’ viburnum, ‘Shasta’ viburnum, and Red Sunset® maple) were propagated from softwood stem cuttings in a recirculating subirrigation propagation system to evaluate the effect on adventitious root formation of three auxin (Dip-n-Grow®) concentrations [0 (water), 20: 1, or 10: 1] and three medium temperatures [20C (68F), 23C (74F), or 26C (79F)]. All taxa showed a positive rooting response to auxin treatment. Compared to cuttings treated with water, root number of all taxa doubled when treated with the highest auxin concentration (10: 1 Dip-n-Grow® dilution). Length of the longest root of rooted cuttings increased with auxin treatment of two taxa. Medium temperature also affected rooting of all taxa. The intermediate temperature evaluated, 23C (74F), was optimal for all rooting parameters on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ viburnum, and for root length and percentage rooting on cuttings of ‘Shasta’ viburnum and Red Sunset® maple. A propagation medium temperature of 26C (79F) resulted in the greatest root number on cuttings of ‘Shasta’ viburnum, while 20C (68F) was optimal for root number on cuttings of Red Sunset® maple. Root numbers on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ viburnum were reduced at 20C (68F) and 26C (79F), which appeared to be sub-and supra-optimal temperatures, respectively, for root initiation. All rooting parameters on cuttings of ‘Sparkleberry’ holly increased with propagation medium temperature. Temperature-auxin interactions were apparent for root number and length on cuttings of ‘Mariesii’ and ‘Shasta’ viburnum. The recirculating subirrigation system was useful for evaluating the basal temperature and auxin dose interactions and was effective for rooting softwood stem cuttings without intermittent mist irrigation.

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Effects of Stock Plant Etiolation, Shading, Banding, and Shoot Development on Histology and Cutting Propagation of Carpinus betulus L. fastigiata

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.5.853 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 853-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Brian K. Maynard ◽

Nina L. Bassuk

Keyword(s):

Secondary Xylem ◽

Histological Study ◽

Shoot Development ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Carpinus Betulus ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Shoot Base ◽

Plant Treatment

New shoot growth of Carpinus betulus L. fastigiata was subjected to stock plant etiolation and stem banding (a 2.5-cm square of Velcro applied to the shoot base) treatments and sampled for histological study at intervals over a 16-week period of shoot development following etiolation. Effects of partial shading on histology of the stem were also investigated. Numerous histological changes were noted with stem development and stock plant treatment. Among these were a reduction in lignification of the secondary xylem and thickness of the periderm, and an increase in the percentage of sclereid-free gaps in the perivascular sclerenchyma with etiolation. Concomitant propagation studies revealed significant etiolation, shading, and banding effects on rooting percentages and root numbers. Rooting capacity was modelled using linear combinations of the widths of nonlignified secondary xylem, cortical parenchyma and periderm, as well as the percentage of gaps in the sclerenchymatic sheath remaining free of sclereids. It is proposed that the development of sclereids in potential rooting sites reduces rooting potential. The exclusion of light during initial shoot development retards sclereid development by up to 3 months following treatment, which correlates well with observed increases in the rooting potential of etiolated stems.

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Herbicide Use In Propagation: Effects on Rooting and Root Growth of Stem Cuttings

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-9.1.21 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 21-23

Author(s):

Mack Thetford ◽

Charles H. Gilliam

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Primary Root ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Root Numbers ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Buxus Microphylla ◽

Herbicide Use

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of several preemergence applied herbicides on rooting, root quality and subsequent root growth of selected woody cuttings. In the first experiment Ilex × attenuata Ashe ‘Fosteri’ rooting percentage, primary root numbers and root ratings were suppressed with Surflan (oryzalin). In the second experiment, the long-term effects of herbicide use in propagation were monitored for 13 months after potting. Suppression of one or more rooting variables occurred with the 3 species, Abelia X grandiflora ‘Sherwoodii’, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, and Ilex crenata ‘Compacta’, 8 weeks after cuttings were placed in propagation. Thirteen months later, Surflan treated boxwood exhibited root and shoot growth suppression while ‘Compacta’ holly exhibited suppressed root growth.

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AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF ROOT INITIATION IN STEM CUTTINGS OF HYBRID LARCH

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8137.1978.tb01610.x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ALLAN JOHN

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Study ◽

Root Initiation ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Hybrid Larch

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The microRNA476a/RFL module regulates adventitious root formation through a mitochondria-dependent pathway in Populus

10.1101/852178 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Changzheng Xu ◽

Yuanxun Tao ◽

Xiaokang Fu ◽

Li Guo ◽

Haitao Xing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Root ◽

Developmental Plasticity ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Adventitious Root Formation ◽

Auxin Signaling ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽

Dynamic Regulation ◽

Mitochondrial Regulation ◽

Mitochondrial Homeostasis

AbstractAdventitious root (AR) formation at the base of stem cuttings determines the efficiency of clonal propagation for woody plants. Many endogenous and environmental factors influence AR formation. However, our knowledge about the regulation of AR development by mitochondrial metabolism in plants is very limited. Here we identified Populus-specific miR476a as a novel regulator of wound-induced adventitious rooting via orchestrating mitochondrial homeostasis in poplar. MiR476a exhibited inducible expression during AR formation and directly targets several Restorer of Fertility like (RFL) genes encoding mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. Genetic modification of miR476-RFL expression revealed the miR476/RFL-mediated dynamic regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis on AR formation in transgenic poplar. Furthermore, mitochondrial perturbation via exogenous chemical inhibitor validated that the miR476a/RFL-directed AR formation depended on mitochondrial regulation though modulating the auxin pathway. Our results established a miRNA-directed mitochondrion-auxin signaling cascade required for AR development, providing novel insights into the understanding of mitochondrial regulation on plant developmental plasticity.

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Testing of microbial additives in the rooting of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stem cuttings

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/21/2011-jfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 555-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Repáč ◽

J. Vencurik ◽

M. Balanda

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Alginate Bead ◽

Block Design ◽

The Other ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Ecm Fungi

Laboratory-produced alginate-bead inoculum of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi Cortinarius sp. and Gomphidius glutinosus, fungal commercial products ECtovit® and Trichomil®, bacterial commercial product BactoFil B®, and commercial rooting stimulator Vetozen® were applied to a peat-perlite (1:2, v:v) rooting substrate of Norway spruce stem cuttings collected from 4-year-old nursery-grown seedlings immediately before the insertion of cuttings into the substrate. The application of beads free of fungi and the substrate without an additive were the other treatments. The cuttings were rooted in vessels (60 cuttings per vessel, 180 per treatment) placed in a glasshouse and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The cuttings were estimated for one growing season (approximately for 26 weeks) after their insertion into the rooting substrate. Rooting % of the cuttings ranged from 45 (mycelium-free beads) to 75 (control) according to treatments, 64 on average. No significant differences among treatments were found in % of ECM morphotypes, total ECM colonization of roots (%), and growth parameters of shoots and roots of the cuttings. The applied microbial additives were not sufficiently efficient to form treatment-related ectomycorrhizas that were formed by naturally occurring ECM fungi. Inoculation by the ECM fungus Cortinarius sp. and application of Trichomil had a partial stimulative effect on the shoot growth of cuttings. Shoot and root growth parameters were not significantly correlated with total ECM colonization, except for a negative dependence of the root number in Trichomil treatment. A higher concentration of K but lower concentrations of Ca and Mg in Ectovit treatment than in the other treatments were detected.

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Assigning a Role to the Endogenous Phenolic Compounds on Adventitious Root Formation of Olive Stem Cuttings

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-019-09991-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 411-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nikoleta-Kleio Denaxa ◽

Peter A. Roussos ◽

Stavros N. Vemmos

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Adventitious Root ◽

Root Formation ◽

Adventitious Root Formation ◽

Stem Cuttings

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Anatomy of Adventitious Root Formation in Stem Cuttings of the Easy-to-Root (GemlİK) and Hard-to-Root (Domat) Olive Cultivars

Progress in Botanical Research ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-5274-7_98 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 435-438

Author(s):

M.T. Özkaya ◽

M. Çelİk ◽

G. Algan

Keyword(s):

Adventitious Root ◽

Root Formation ◽

Adventitious Root Formation ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Olive Cultivars

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Adventitious Root Formation in Stem Cuttings of Quercus bicolor and Quercus macrocarpa and Its Relationship to Stem Anatomy

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.133.4.479 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 133 (4) ◽

pp. 479-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J. Naalamle Amissah ◽

Dominick J. Paolillo ◽

Nina Bassuk

Keyword(s):

Secondary Growth ◽

Adventitious Root Formation ◽

Fiber Bundles ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Primordia ◽

Stem Anatomy ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Quercus Macrocarpa ◽

Quercus Bicolor

This study investigated the relationship of stem anatomy to differences in rooting ability between Quercus bicolor Wild. and Quercus macrocarpa Michx. cuttings. Quercus bicolor cuttings were found to have a significantly greater proportion of parenchymatous gaps in the sclerenchyma sheath over a 9-week period compared with Q. macrocarpa cuttings. In Q. macrocarpa, the percentage gap was generally low, coinciding with the low percentage rooting observed in this species. Percentage rooting correlated well (r2 = 0.75) with the percentage parenchymatous gap in the perivascular region of Q. bicolor cuttings. The problems with accepting this relationship as causal are stated in the discussion. Untreated cuttings showed normal stem organization: a dermal tissue system that included the initial stages of phellem formation, a cortex, and a ring of closely arranged vascular bundles in early stages of secondary growth. The locations of the five distinct lobes of the pith were coordinated with the locations of root primordia. Callus growth was first detected in the cortex (i.e., external to the fiber bundles), followed by proliferation within the phloem, opposite the lobes of the pith, 8 to 12 days after cuttings were treated with indole butyric acid (6000 mg·L−1 dissolved in 50% v/v ethanol in water). By 14 to 16 days, root primordia had developed within the proliferative tissue in the secondary phloem. In both species, root primordia penetrated parenchymatous gaps in the fiber sheath directly, the fiber bundles being displaced laterally as the roots increased in size.

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