scholarly journals GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY WITHIN SPECIES AND GROUPS OF AN IMPATIENS GERMPLASM COLLECTION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1164a-1164
Author(s):  
Virginia D. Lerch ◽  
Timothy Ng
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

Since the introduction of New Guinea impatiens in 1980 the genus Impatiens has remained the number one selling bedding plant in the U.S. However, basic information concerning the genus is lacking. This study was undertaken to estimate genetic and phenotypic diversity within species and groups of an Impatiens germplasm collection representing seven countries. It includes plants from the 1970 plant expedition co-sponsored by USDA-ARS and the Longwood Foundation (Kennett Square, PA); donations from the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew, England); and ovule cultured interspecific hybrids created by Dr. Toru Arisumi (USDA, Beltsville, MD). The collection was grown in a common environment and characterized for 31 qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, and electrophoretically characterized for several enzymes using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Evidence concerning putative interspecific hybrids and relationships among Impatiens groups based on morphological and electrophoretic characterization and diversity indices will be presented. Isozyme patterns lending support to hypotheses of center of origin, migration and evolution of Impatiens will also be discussed.

Phenotypic diversity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)accessions in the Philippines for utilization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidelisa De Chavez ◽  
Teresita Borromeo ◽  
Nic Oswald Borines ◽  
Renerio Jr Gentallan
Keyword(s):  
Coat Color ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Qualitative Characters

An increasing trend of soybean production and consumption has been seen in the Philippines. To assess the potential of the soybean germplasm for utilization, diversity of the Philippine soybean collection was established. High diversity was marked on 17 out of 29 qualitative characters, which include plant growth habit, leaf blistering and flower standard color. Phenotypic diversity indices (H’) of 92 soybean accessions averaged at 0.62. This aside, traits identical to a variety of soybean with superior characters were all present in the soybean germplasm collection. Using simple matching similarity coefficient, cluster analysis separated the different accessions into 12 distinct clusters at 62% similarity. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) showed that two independent components accounted for 35.36% of the total variation of the qualitative morphological characters. Factor loadings for each component showed the morphological characters, such as pubescence color, flower wing color, and seed coat color, that were contributing to the high projections in the two principal components. Accessions with vigorous seedlings were also observed. With the marked trait diversity, the soybean collection could be potentially used directly and for breeding purposes. Consequently, to uncover further the potential of our genetic resources at hand, the remaining germplasm accessions at NPGRL should be characterized and evaluated

Assessment of phenotypic diversity in the USDA, National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) guayule germplasm collection

2022 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 114303
Author(s):  
V.M.V. Cruz ◽  
D.A. Dierig ◽  
A. Lynch ◽  
K. Hunnicutt ◽  
T.R. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System

scholarly journals Inheritance and Linkage Relationships of Isozymes in Easter Cactus

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Maureen C. O'Leary ◽  
Thomas H. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Linkage Relationships ◽  
Aberrant Segregation

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study inheritance and linkage of isozymes in Easter cactus (Hatiora species and interspecific hybrids). Five isozyme systems were analyzed: aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI). F1, F2, BC1, and S1 progeny were used for inheritance studies. Six polymorphic loci (Aat-1, Gpi-1, Mdh-1, Pgm-1, Pgm-2, and Tpi-2) were identified. Aat-1 and Pgm-1 were linked (recombination frequency = 26% ± 7%), but the other isozyme loci assorted independently. Aberrant segregation ratios were observed in at least one segregating family for all six isozyme loci. We hypothesize that segregation distortion was due to linkage between isozyme loci and other genes subject to pre- or postzygotic selection. The existence of five additional isozyme loci (Aat-2, Gpi-2, Mdh-2, Mdh-3, and Tpi-1) was inferred from segregation patterns and by comparison of isozyme profiles from phylloclades and pollen. These isozyme loci may prove useful for confirming hybridity in intra- and interspecific crosses, determining parentage of cultivars, and assessing genetic diversity in germplasm collections.

Phenotypic diversity in a sweet pepper germplasm collection from V.R.D.S. Buzau, Romania

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
E. Barcanu ◽  
O.L. Agapie ◽  
I. Gherase ◽  
B.E. Tănase ◽  
G. Negosanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Sweet Pepper

scholarly journals Morphological Traits Defining Breeding Criteria for Coastal Quinoa in Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela MADRID ◽  
Eduardo SALGADO ◽  
Gabriela VERDUGO ◽  
Pablo OLGUÍN ◽  
Dimitrios BILALIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Coastal Lowland ◽  
Grain Yield Components

Coastal/lowland quinoa ecotype is an important source of germplasm due to its cultivation in cold-temperate and high latitude areas. However, the interaction of its morphological traits and yields to define breeding criteria is unknown. The present study was designed to characterize the phenotypic diversity of twelve coastal/lowland quinoas using sixteen standardized morphological descriptors under rainfed conditions in central Chile. Complementary analysis of uni- and multi- variate tools allowed a fuller understanding of interrelationships within quinoa germplasm. Through the analysis of frequency distribution, it was possible to determine that genotypes were characterized by plants having low height and medium grain yield. Cluster analysis revealed that plant morphological variables were independently grouped from grain yield components. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA, 74.8% of total variation data), revealed the existence of three outstanding genotypes (QC01, QC02 and QC05) that were distantly located from the average dispersion of entire germplasm collection. These genotypes were associated with grain yield components, allowing the identification of two groups of high yield (VI and VII), which yielded 3337.7 and 3052.0 kg ha-1, respectively. The data set presented in this study is the first report of coastal/lowland quinoas assessed in central Chile and could assist the development of breeding programmes in cold-temperate areas having similar agro-climatic conditions.

Bougainvillea: A Long Journey from Rio to Lucknow

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
South American ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
National Botanical Research Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bougainvillea Spectabilis ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanical Research

Bougainvillea, native of South American sub-tropics, was first collected by Commerson, a French Botanist, from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, who named it after Louis Antoine de Bougainville, the French navigator with whom he went on voyage around the world during 1766=1769. From its native sub-tropical regions, bougainvilleas were introduced to temperate regions of European countries, where these were grown in the glasshouse. The history of domestication of bougainvillea is 250 years old and in this period there have been many landmark in the bougainvillea cultivation. In India, Bougainvillea spectabilis was first introduced in Kolkata in 1860 from Europe and the improvement work on bougainvillea started in early 20th century, with the introduction of a few cultivars by the Agri-Horticultural Societies, Kolkata and Chennai. But it achieved its popularity in 1920 with the introduction of the cultivar ‘Mrs. Butt’ in Kolkata from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. Out of 10 species, only B. glabra Choisy, B. spectabilis Willdenow, B. peruviana Humboldt and Bonpland and a natural hybrid B. x buttiana Holttum and Standley, are of horticultural importance. Today, a large number of Bougainvillea cultivars (500 cvs.) are available from three to multibracted ones in various colour and shades to variegated foliage as aresult of natural selection and breeding. 50% of the Bougainvillea cultivars have been evolved in our country. India has been recognized as the International Registration Authority for Bougainvilleas. The Botanic Garden of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow has rich germplasm collection of Bougainvillea (200 species/cvs) and serves as the reference centre.

scholarly journals Geographical patterns of phenotypic diversity and structure of Kenyan wild sorghum populations (Sorghum spp.) as an aid to germplasm collection and conservation strategy

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses M. Muraya ◽  
Hartwig H. Geiger ◽  
Evans Mutegi ◽  
Ben M. Kanyenji ◽  
Fabrice Sagnard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Wild Sorghum ◽  
Geographical Patterns

Kenya lies within sorghum centre of diversity. However, information on the relative extent of diversity patterns within and among genetically defined groups of distinct ecosystems is lacking. The objective was to assess the structure and phenotypic diversity of wild sorghum populations across a range of geographical and ecological conditions in the country. Sixty-two wild sorghum populations (30 individuals per population) sampled from four distinct sorghum growing regions of Kenya and covering different agroecologies were characterized for ten qualitative traits. Plant height, number of tillers, panicle sizes and flag leaf dimensions were also recorded. Frequencies of the phenotypic classes of each character were calculated. The Shannon diversity index (H′) was used to estimate the magnitude of diversity. Principal component analysis was used to differentiate populations within and between regions. Wild sorghum is widely distributed in Kenya, occurring in sympatric ranges with cultivated sorghum, and both have overlapping flowering windows. All characters considered displayed great phenotypic diversity. Pooled over characters within regions, the mean H′ ranged between 0.60 and 0.93 in Western and Coast regions, respectively. Wild sorghum was found to show a weak regional differentiation, probably reflecting the importance of seed-mediated gene flow in shaping the wild sorghum population structure. Trait distribution was variable among regions, but there was no conspicuous distribution of the traits studied in any given region. Spontaneous hybridization and introgression of genes from cultivated to wild sorghum seems to be likely, and may already have occurred for a long time, although undocumented. Implications for in situ and ex situ genetic resources conservation are discussed.

Diversity of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat germplasm: breeding opportunities for improving grain yield potential and quality traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifru Teklu ◽  
Karl Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Diversity Studies

In this paper, Shannon–Weaver diversity indices were employed to examine the phenotypic diversity in 271 Ethiopian tetraploid wheat accessions in relation to characters, regions of origin and altitude. Moreover, review of genetic diversity studies in Ethiopian tetraploid wheat was made to explore breeding opportunities. The diversity index varied widely across regions. Among the four altitudinal classes, the highest (0.72) and lowest (0.61) mean diversity indices were observed in altitude classes II and IV, respectively. The diversity index (H′) showed that most traits are polymorphic. The partitioning of the total phenotypic diversity into within- and among-region diversity indicated that 71% of the total variation was attributed to the within-region diversity. Principal component analysis was computed to examine the regional and altitudinal patterns of variation. On regional bases, the first four axes, whose eigenvalues are greater than 1, explained about 82% of the observed phenotypic diversity in the 271 tetraploid wheat accessions. On altitudinal bases, however, only the first two principal components explained 89.7% of the total variation. In general, phenotypic diversity showed considerable differences for each trait in different geographical regions and altitudinal classes which could be utilized in wheat improvement programmes. Breeding opportunities and strategies are suggested.

Phenotypic diversity and relationships among Chilean Choclero maize (Zea mays L. mays) landraces

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Salazar ◽  
José Correa ◽  
María José Araya ◽  
Marco A. Méndez ◽  
Basilio Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Core Production

AbstractChoclero is a Chilean traditional floury maize, consumed as a vegetable, with large economic and cultural value due to its culinary properties that give unique characteristics to the traditional local cuisine. Market diversification demands new materials with different ear and kernel characteristics, which are at present not fulfilled by breeders due to lack of genetic diversity. At present, the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias has a Choclero germplasm collection composed of 96 accessions, which can supply this lack of diversity, or increase the gene pool. In the present study, 34 selected Chilean Choclero landraces were characterized for 41 agromorphological traits. Phenotypic evaluation in three environments representative of the core production area revealed significant genetic variability for most of the evaluated traits, leading to the identification of several promising accessions. The greater contribution of genotype in most phenological plant, ear and kernel traits suggest their potential usefulness for breeding purposes. Principal component analysis explained over 75% of the total variation for 29 quantitative agromorphological traits. Cluster analysis separated accessions into four major groups, differentiated mainly by plant phenology and ear trait. These findings indicate a number of useful traits at an intra-racial level and a wide range of phenotypic variation that provides a good source of diversity for use in the development of new Choclero varieties.

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