Phenotypic diversity in a sweet pepper germplasm collection from V.R.D.S. Buzau, Romania

Coastal/lowland quinoa ecotype is an important source of germplasm due to its cultivation in cold-temperate and high latitude areas. However, the interaction of its morphological traits and yields to define breeding criteria is unknown. The present study was designed to characterize the phenotypic diversity of twelve coastal/lowland quinoas using sixteen standardized morphological descriptors under rainfed conditions in central Chile. Complementary analysis of uni- and multi- variate tools allowed a fuller understanding of interrelationships within quinoa germplasm. Through the analysis of frequency distribution, it was possible to determine that genotypes were characterized by plants having low height and medium grain yield. Cluster analysis revealed that plant morphological variables were independently grouped from grain yield components. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA, 74.8% of total variation data), revealed the existence of three outstanding genotypes (QC01, QC02 and QC05) that were distantly located from the average dispersion of entire germplasm collection. These genotypes were associated with grain yield components, allowing the identification of two groups of high yield (VI and VII), which yielded 3337.7 and 3052.0 kg ha-1, respectively. The data set presented in this study is the first report of coastal/lowland quinoas assessed in central Chile and could assist the development of breeding programmes in cold-temperate areas having similar agro-climatic conditions.

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Geographical patterns of phenotypic diversity and structure of Kenyan wild sorghum populations (Sorghum spp.) as an aid to germplasm collection and conservation strategy

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262110000225 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 217-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Moses M. Muraya ◽

Hartwig H. Geiger ◽

Evans Mutegi ◽

Ben M. Kanyenji ◽

Fabrice Sagnard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Principal Component ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Regional Differentiation ◽

Wild Sorghum ◽

Geographical Patterns

Kenya lies within sorghum centre of diversity. However, information on the relative extent of diversity patterns within and among genetically defined groups of distinct ecosystems is lacking. The objective was to assess the structure and phenotypic diversity of wild sorghum populations across a range of geographical and ecological conditions in the country. Sixty-two wild sorghum populations (30 individuals per population) sampled from four distinct sorghum growing regions of Kenya and covering different agroecologies were characterized for ten qualitative traits. Plant height, number of tillers, panicle sizes and flag leaf dimensions were also recorded. Frequencies of the phenotypic classes of each character were calculated. The Shannon diversity index (H′) was used to estimate the magnitude of diversity. Principal component analysis was used to differentiate populations within and between regions. Wild sorghum is widely distributed in Kenya, occurring in sympatric ranges with cultivated sorghum, and both have overlapping flowering windows. All characters considered displayed great phenotypic diversity. Pooled over characters within regions, the mean H′ ranged between 0.60 and 0.93 in Western and Coast regions, respectively. Wild sorghum was found to show a weak regional differentiation, probably reflecting the importance of seed-mediated gene flow in shaping the wild sorghum population structure. Trait distribution was variable among regions, but there was no conspicuous distribution of the traits studied in any given region. Spontaneous hybridization and introgression of genes from cultivated to wild sorghum seems to be likely, and may already have occurred for a long time, although undocumented. Implications for in situ and ex situ genetic resources conservation are discussed.

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Phenotypic diversity and relationships among Chilean Choclero maize (Zea mays L. mays) landraces

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262116000137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 461-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erika Salazar ◽

José Correa ◽

María José Araya ◽

Marco A. Méndez ◽

Basilio Carrasco

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays L ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cultural Value ◽

New Materials ◽

Good Source ◽

Wide Range ◽

Production Area ◽

Core Production

AbstractChoclero is a Chilean traditional floury maize, consumed as a vegetable, with large economic and cultural value due to its culinary properties that give unique characteristics to the traditional local cuisine. Market diversification demands new materials with different ear and kernel characteristics, which are at present not fulfilled by breeders due to lack of genetic diversity. At present, the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias has a Choclero germplasm collection composed of 96 accessions, which can supply this lack of diversity, or increase the gene pool. In the present study, 34 selected Chilean Choclero landraces were characterized for 41 agromorphological traits. Phenotypic evaluation in three environments representative of the core production area revealed significant genetic variability for most of the evaluated traits, leading to the identification of several promising accessions. The greater contribution of genotype in most phenological plant, ear and kernel traits suggest their potential usefulness for breeding purposes. Principal component analysis explained over 75% of the total variation for 29 quantitative agromorphological traits. Cluster analysis separated accessions into four major groups, differentiated mainly by plant phenology and ear trait. These findings indicate a number of useful traits at an intra-racial level and a wide range of phenotypic variation that provides a good source of diversity for use in the development of new Choclero varieties.

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Analysis of the Variability of Floral and Pollen Traits in Apple Cultivars—Selecting Suitable Pollen Donors for Cider Apple Orchards

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11091717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1717

Author(s):

Alvaro Delgado ◽

Muriel Quinet ◽

Enrique Dapena

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Biennial Bearing ◽

Oceanic Climate ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Local Germplasm ◽

Flowering Intensity

Most apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) are self-incompatible and fruit yield depends on cross-pollination between genetically compatible cultivars with synchronous flowering. Flowering intensity can vary strongly among years due to the biennial bearing habit of the cultivars. The knowledge of the phenological stages and floral and pollen characteristics is essential to select suitable pollen donors. We evaluated the phenotypic variability of flowering-related traits (i.e., flowering phenology, flowering intensity, pollen production and pollen quality) in 45 apple cultivars over two successive flowering seasons. Large phenotypic variability was found among the studied cultivars indicating that the local germplasm collection provides a good source of genetic and phenotypic diversity. However, low correlations were observed between floral biology traits and, consequently, the improvement in one trait seems not to affect other traits. Some of the cultivars such as ‘Perurico’ and ‘Raxila Dulce’ regularly produced copious amounts of high-quality pollen which can improve the pollen load dispersion leading to a most effective pollination process. We did not identify statistically significant correlations between pollen attributes and the biennial bearing phenomenon. The large variation in bloom dates from year-to-year observed under a typical Oceanic climate makes it advisable to combine cultivars in new plantings.

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Genetic and Genomic Diversity in a Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) Germplasm Collection and Adaptability to Mediterranean Climate Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norberto Guilengue ◽

Sofia Alves ◽

Pedro Talhinhas ◽

João Neves-Martins

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Total Yield ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽

Yield Component ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

High Yield ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Lupinus Mutabilis

Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi) is a species of Andean origin with high protein and oil content and regarded as a potential crop in Europe. The success in the introduction of this crop depends in part on in depth knowledge of the intra-specific genetic variability of the collections, enabling the establishment of breeding and conservation programs. In this study, we used morphological traits, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers and genome size to assess genetic and genomic diversity of 23 tarwi accessions under Mediterranean conditions. Phenotypic analyses and yield component studies point out accession LM268 as that achieving the highest seed production, producing large seeds and efficiently using primary branches as an important component of total yield, similar to the L. albus cultivars used as controls. By contrast, accession JKI-L295 presents high yield concentrated on the main stem, suggesting a semi-determinate development pattern. Genetic and genomic analyses revealed important levels of diversity, however not relatable to phenotypic diversity, reflecting the recent domestication of this crop. This is the first study of genome size diversity within L. mutabilis, revealing an average size of 2.05 pg/2C (2001 Mbp) with 9.2% variation (1897–2003 Mbp), prompting further studies for the exploitation of this diversity.

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Phenotypic Diversity of Ethiopian Barleys in Relation to Geographical Regions, Altitudinal Range, and Agro-Ecological Zones: As an Aid to Germplasm Collection and Conservation Strategy

Hereditas ◽

10.1111/j.1601-5223.1996.00017.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 17-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Abebe Demissie ◽

Åsmund Bjørnstad

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Altitudinal Range ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Agro Ecological Zones

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Genomic and Phenotypic Diversity of Cultivated and Wild Tomatoes with Varying Levels of Heat Tolerance

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040503 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 503

Author(s):

Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan ◽

Agyemang Danquah ◽

Paterne A. Agre ◽

Peter Hanson ◽

Isaac Kwadwo Asante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Broad Sense ◽

Allele Frequency Distribution ◽

Chromosome 11 ◽

Heat Tolerant

Assessment of genetic variability in heat-tolerant tomato germplasm is a pre-requisite to improve yield and fruit quality under heat stress. We assessed the population structure and diversity in a panel of three Solanum pimpinellifolium (wild tomatoes) and 42 S. lycopersicum (cultivated tomatoes) lines and accessions with varying heat tolerance levels. The DArTseq marker was used for the sequencing and 5270 informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were retained for the genomic analysis. The germplasm was evaluated under two heat stress environments for five yield and flower related traits. The phenotypic evaluation revealed moderate broad-sense heritabilities for fruit weight per plant and high broad-sense heritabilities for fruit weight, number of inflorescences per plant, and number of flowers per inflorescence. The hierarchical clustering based on identity by state dissimilarity matrix and UPGMA grouped the germplasm into three clusters. The cluster analysis based on heat-tolerance traits separated the germplasm collection into five clusters. The correlation between the phenotypic and genomic-based distance matrices was low (r = 0.2, p < 0.05). The joint phenotypic and genomic-based clustering grouped the germplasm collection into five clusters well defined for their response to heat stress ranging from highly sensitive to highly tolerant groups. The heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant clusters of S. lycopersicum lines were differentiated by a specific pattern of minor allele frequency distribution on chromosome 11. The joint phenotypic and genomic analysis revealed important diversity within the germplasm collection. This study provides the basis for efficient selection of parental lines to breed heat-tolerant varieties.

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GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY WITHIN SPECIES AND GROUPS OF AN IMPATIENS GERMPLASM COLLECTION

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1164a ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1164a-1164

Author(s):

Virginia D. Lerch ◽

Timothy Ng

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Common Environment ◽

Center Of Origin ◽

Bedding Plant ◽

Royal Botanic Gardens ◽

New Guinea Impatiens

Since the introduction of New Guinea impatiens in 1980 the genus Impatiens has remained the number one selling bedding plant in the U.S. However, basic information concerning the genus is lacking. This study was undertaken to estimate genetic and phenotypic diversity within species and groups of an Impatiens germplasm collection representing seven countries. It includes plants from the 1970 plant expedition co-sponsored by USDA-ARS and the Longwood Foundation (Kennett Square, PA); donations from the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew, England); and ovule cultured interspecific hybrids created by Dr. Toru Arisumi (USDA, Beltsville, MD). The collection was grown in a common environment and characterized for 31 qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, and electrophoretically characterized for several enzymes using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Evidence concerning putative interspecific hybrids and relationships among Impatiens groups based on morphological and electrophoretic characterization and diversity indices will be presented. Isozyme patterns lending support to hypotheses of center of origin, migration and evolution of Impatiens will also be discussed.

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Phenotypic diversity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)accessions in the Philippines for utilization

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.3769 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Hidelisa De Chavez ◽

Teresita Borromeo ◽

Nic Oswald Borines ◽

Renerio Jr Gentallan

Keyword(s):

Coat Color ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Principal Component ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Philippines ◽

Soybean Germplasm ◽

Plant Growth Habit ◽

Qualitative Characters

An increasing trend of soybean production and consumption has been seen in the Philippines. To assess the potential of the soybean germplasm for utilization, diversity of the Philippine soybean collection was established. High diversity was marked on 17 out of 29 qualitative characters, which include plant growth habit, leaf blistering and flower standard color. Phenotypic diversity indices (H’) of 92 soybean accessions averaged at 0.62. This aside, traits identical to a variety of soybean with superior characters were all present in the soybean germplasm collection. Using simple matching similarity coefficient, cluster analysis separated the different accessions into 12 distinct clusters at 62% similarity. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) showed that two independent components accounted for 35.36% of the total variation of the qualitative morphological characters. Factor loadings for each component showed the morphological characters, such as pubescence color, flower wing color, and seed coat color, that were contributing to the high projections in the two principal components. Accessions with vigorous seedlings were also observed. With the marked trait diversity, the soybean collection could be potentially used directly and for breeding purposes. Consequently, to uncover further the potential of our genetic resources at hand, the remaining germplasm accessions at NPGRL should be characterized and evaluated

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