scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SEED TREATMENTS ON GERMINATION OF Aleurites fordii

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 581d-581
Author(s):  
Drew Tidmore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
The Us

The tung-oil tree (Aleurites fordii) was planted extensively in the southeastern United States in the 40's and 50's for their high quality oil used in jet engines and paint. Elimination of import tariffs destroyed the US industry. There is a possibility of a resurgence in popularity of this species as an ornamental because of its large leaves, spring flowers, and dense growth. If nurseries begin growing tung-oil trees they must have more information on the most efficient means of seed germination. One hundred percent of the seeds with intact shells germinated in 9 weeks if they received either 24 hr stratification or 24 hr. soak. Eighty-three percent of the untreated intact seeds germinated in the same period. Shell removal sped up germination as evidenced by 27% germination in 5 weeks. However the process left seeds susceptible since only 36% had germinated in 9 weeks.

scholarly journals Seed Germination of Three Provenances of Rhododendron catawbiense: Influence of Light and Temperature

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bradley Rowe ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Total Darkness ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Seeds of three provenances of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. (Catawba rhododendron) were collected during Fall 1992 from the following localities in the southeastern United States: Cherokee Co., GA [34°20′N, 84°23′W, elev. = 320 m (1050 ft)], Johnston Co., NC [35°45′N, 78°12′W, elev. = 67 m (220 ft)], and Yancey Co., NC [35°45′N, 82°16′W, elev. = 1954 m (6410 ft)]. Following drying for 1 month and storage at 4°C (39°F), seeds were removed from storage in January 1993 and germinated at 25°C (77°F) or an 8/16 hr thermoperiod of 25°/15°C (77°/59°F) with daily photoperiods of 0, ½, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr. Regardless of temperature and provenance, seeds required light for germination. Negligible germination for all provenances in total darkness was overcome by daily photoperiods as short as ½ hr. All provenances commenced germination earlier at 25°C (77°F) than at 25°/15°C (77°/59°F). Mean germination at day 24 for both temperature treatments and for all photoperiods with the exception of total darkness was 98%, 90%, and 80% for the Yancey, Johnston, and Cherokee Co. provenances respectively. Light and temperature requirements for seed germination of all provenances were similar, although seeds of the higher elevation, Yancey Co. provenance exhibited greater vigor; they germinated at a faster rate with greater cumulative germination.

scholarly journals Regional-scale management maps for forested areas of the Southeastern United States and the US Pacific Northwest

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Marsik ◽  
Caroline G. Staub ◽  
William J. Kleindl ◽  
Jaclyn M. Hall ◽  
Chiung-Shiuan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The Us ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Scale Management

scholarly journals In Vitro Seed Germination of Kalmia latifolia L. Hybrids: A Means for Improving Germination and Speeding Up Breeding Cycle

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li ◽  
Donglin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Mountain Laurel

Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel), a member of Ericaceae, is a beautiful ornamental shrub native to the eastern United States. The plant is not common in the southeastern United States landscapes because of the limited heat tolerance of most commercial cultivars. Breeding of heat-tolerant cultivars can be achieved by cross hybridization, but is often challenged by low germination percentage, long germination time, and potential abortion of cross-hybridized seeds. We used in vitro seed germination to enhance germination and shorten germination time and investigated the appropriate collecting time, optimal basal medium, and pH for this approach. Collecting time affected in vitro seed germination, with more mature hybrid seeds [collected 4–5 months after pollination (MAP)] having higher germination rate (90% in 4 weeks) than the less mature seeds collected in 2 MAP (20% in 7 weeks). Seedlings from the mature seeds also produced two true leaves on average after 8 weeks of culture, whereas seedlings from the less mature seeds had no true leaves. Woody Plant Medium (WPM) better enhanced in vitro seed germination compared with Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Gamborg’s B5 (B5) medium. WPM yielded higher germination (98%) than MS (90%) and significantly greater total leaf area per seedling (67 mm3) than MS (50 mm3) and B5 (52 mm3) for seeds of ‘Firecracker’ × ‘Snowdrift’. Similar effects had been observed on seeds from ‘Little Linda’ × ‘Starburst’ and ‘Pristine’ × ‘Peppermint’. The pH ranging from 4.2 to 5.4 did not affect seed germination and seedling development of mountain laurel hybrids. Our protocol enabled early collection of mountain laurel hybrid seeds 1 month before their full maturation and permitted seeds to germinate in 4 weeks on WPM, which shortened the period from crossing to the seedling stage from up to 15 to 6 months and enhanced germination percentage from 30% to more than 90% compared with traditional seed germination. This protocol should be applied to promote the breeding and selection of new mountain laurel cultivars for the southeastern United States landscapes.

The Effect of Storage Length on the Nutritive Value of Baleage in the Southeastern United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Justin C Burt ◽  
Taylor Hendricks ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Lisa Baxter ◽  
Lawton Stewart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
High Quality ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
The University ◽  
Time Point

Abstract High quality forages produced in the southeastern U.S. can benefit from being harvested as baleage when environmental conditions are not favorable for hay production. Current recommendations are to feed baleage within 9 mo of harvesting; however, wet summers or mild winters can reduce the need for utilizing stored forage in this timely manner. Limited data exist on the nutritional value of baleage stored beyond a 9-mo period. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine if storage length affects the nutritive value of baleage in the southeastern U.S. This study was conducted from 2016–2020 at the University of Georgia Tifton Campus, using ‘Tifton-85’ bermudagrass baleage (BG) and ‘Bulldog 805’ alfalfa-bermudagrass mixed baleage (BGA) harvested on a 28–35-d interval, baled at approximately 55% moisture, and individually wrapped for storage. Bales were marked by treatment, sampled prior to wrapping for initial determination (INT), and sampled again post fermentation at 6-wk, 9-mo and 12-mo timepoints for nutritive value analyses. Additionally, a subset of bales harvested in June and August of 2017 and 2018 were maintained and sampled at 24-mo time point. Statistical analysis was conducted using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. Nutritive analysis showed a difference in the CP% between pre and post fermentation events for BGA (INT=22±2.39 and 6-wk, 9-mo, 12-mo=20±2.39; P < 0.01), while no difference was found for BG. TDN% was different only at 6 wk for BGA (66±0.63; P = 0.03) compared to all other timepoints, with no difference for BG. The 24mo storage analysis showed a decline in the CP% and TDN% for both BGA and BG from pre and post fermentation. Results from this study conclude there no effect on the nutritive value of baleage stored up to 12 mo post fermentation. Maintaining bale integrity can be attributed to the decline in nutritive value observed when stored longer than 12 mo.

The Politics of Prohibition

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-84
Author(s):  
James Tharin Bradford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Us

This chapter looks at Afghanistan’s involvement in the legal trade of opium and why Afghanistan eventually banned production and sale. During the 1930s and 1940s, Afghanistan actively traded opium with a host European and Asian countries, and by World War II, increased opium exports to the United States. This proved critical to the future of drug control. Although Afghanistan proved to have an abundance of high-quality opium, American officials feared the Afghan government lacked control. In an effort to solidify international drug controls, the US agreed to expand diplomatic relations and invest heavily in economic development, in exchange for Afghanistan prohibiting drugs in 1945. Although the prohibition failed, it was the first instance of Afghanistan using drug control as a means improving diplomatic channels to help build the Afghan state.

Assessing the Quality of Rural Hazard Mitigation Plans in the Southeastern United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Horney ◽  
Mai Nguyen ◽  
David Salvesen ◽  
Caroline Dwyer ◽  
John Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Plan Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
Key Informant

High-quality hazard mitigation plans may improve postdisaster outcomes in many ways, including establishing a community fact base and providing rationales for protective policies and actions. Hazard mitigation plans in eighty-four rural counties in the Southeastern United States were scored using an established protocol. To supplement quantitative data, twenty-one key informant interviews were conducted in a subsample of seven counties. While overall plan quality was poor, informants identified areas for improvement. Understanding potential shortcomings of rural hazard mitigation plans can help communities identify areas to direct limited resources to improve plans, particularly in communities that self-identify as highly vulnerable to disasters.

scholarly journals Woody Goldenrod, Chrysoma pauciflosculosa

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Miller ◽  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Chris Verlinde ◽  
Gabriel Campbell ◽  
Ashlynn Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Florida Panhandle

Woody goldenrod is found in beach dunes, scrub, and sandhill plant communities. It occurs in the Panhandle ofFlorida and more broadly in the southeastern United States west to Mississippi and northeast to North Carolina. This plant may leach chemicals into the soil that inhibit seed germination of gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium) (Fischer et al. 1994). Woody goldenrod is an underused landscape plant with a prolific fall color from flowers that attract numerous pollinators.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/sg165 Note: This fact sheet is also available as a chapter in a comprehensive manual titled Dune Restoration and Enhancement for the Florida Panhandle,  Please see the manual for more information about other useful and attractive native plants for dunes and for further information about restoration and preservation techniques.

The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nixon Administration ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
The Relationship

The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.

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