scholarly journals FALL, SPLIT, AND TANK-MIX APPLICATION METHODS AS ALTERNATIVES TO SPRING PREEMERGENT HERBICIDE APPLICATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 627g-628
Author(s):  
Martin L. Kaps ◽  
Marilyn B. Odneal
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Better Than

Preemergent herbicides were applied to vineyards in the southcentral Missouri Ozark region. These were applied at full label rate in the fall or in the spring, at half rate in the fall and again in the spring, and as tank-mixes in the spring. Days of acceptable annual weed control (30% or less cover) beyond the untreated control were determined for these application methods over three years. The fall applications were effective at controlling winter annual weeds and early summer annual weed growth the following season. By mid summer the fall applied preemergents lost residual activity. Splitting the label rate between fall and spring was no better than a full rate spring application at increasing the days of acceptable summer annual weed control. Single preemergent spring application performed as well as tank-mixes.

Preplant and Residual Herbicide Application Timings for Weed Control in No-Till Soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt M. Vollmer ◽  
Mark J. VanGessel ◽  
Quintin R. Johnson ◽  
Barbara A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
Application Programs

AbstractTimely herbicide applications for no-till soybean can be challenging given the diverse communities of both winter and summer annual weeds that are often present. Research was conducted to compare various approaches for nonselective and preplant weed control for no-till soybean. Nonselective herbicide application timings of fall (with and without a residual herbicide) followed by early-spring (4 wk before planting), late-spring (1 to 2 wk before planting), or sequential-spring applications (4 wk before planting and at planting) were compared. Spring applications also included a residual herbicide. For consistent control of winter annual weeds, two herbicide applications were needed, either a fall application followed by a spring application or sequential-spring applications. When a fall herbicide application did not include a residual herbicide, greater winter annual weed control resulted from early- or sequential-spring treatments. However, application timings that effectively controlled winter annual weeds did not effectively control summer annual weeds that have a prolonged emergence period. Palmer amaranth and large crabgrass control at 4 wk after planting was better when the spring residual treatment (chlorimuron plus metribuzin) was applied 1 to 2 wk before planting or at planting, compared with 4 wk before planting. Results indicate that in order to optimize control, herbicide application programs in soybean should coincide with seasonal growth cycles of winter and summer annual weeds.

scholarly journals Fall-applied Preemergent Herbicides in a Missouri Vineyard Do Not Control Annual Weeds the following Season

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1292-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Kaps ◽  
Marilyn B. Odneal
Keyword(s):  
Residual Activity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Annual Weeds

Nine preemergent herbicides were applied at maximum label rate in Fall 1986, 1987, and 1988 to a `Catawba' grape (Vitis labrusca L.) vineyard in the Missouri Ozark region. The untreated controls showed 30% total weed cover by 28 Apr. 1987, 21 May 1988, and 18 Apr. 1989. In 1988, less rain fell early in the growing season; thus, weed cover in the untreated controls was delayed until late in the season. The herbicides norflurazon, oryzalin, and oxadiazon gave the longest period of acceptable grass control. Dichlobenil, diuron, oxyfluorfen, and simazine gave the longest period of acceptable broadleaf control. Most of the herbicides lost residual activity by early summer. For this reason, fall preemergent herbicide application cannot be relied on to give season-long control the following year in southern Missouri. Chemical names used: 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil); N' -(3,4-dichlorophenyl) - N,N -dimethylurea (diuron); N,N -diethyl-2-(1-napthalenyloxy)-propanamide (napropamide); 4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3(2H)-pyrdazinone (norflurazon); 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5 -(l,l-dimethylethyl) -l,3,4-oxadiazol-2- (3H)-one (oxadiazon); 2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy) -4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene (oxyfluorfen); 3,5-dichloro-N-(l,l-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide (pronamide); and 6-chloro- N,N' -diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (simazine).

Synergism of Grass Weed Control with Postemergence Combinations of SAN 582 and Fluazifop-P, Imazethapyr, or Sethoxydim

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Randall L. Ratliff ◽  
Larry J. Newsom
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Better Than

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate early postemergence (POST) tank mixtures of SAN 582 with fluazifop-P, imazethapyr, or sethoxydim. In the greenhouse, SAN 582 synergistically improved barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and johnsongrass control from imazethapyr and sethoxydim. Half-rates of imazethapyr and sethoxydim tank-mixed with SAN 582 controlled grass weeds as well as full rates of either herbicide applied alone. Grass weed control with imazethapyr increased up to 40% with the addition of SAN 582. In field experiments, SAN 582 increased grass control with imazethapyr to a lesser degree than observed in the greenhouse. In a multispecies study, grass weed control increased up to 15% when SAN 582 was tank-mixed with a reduced rate of imazethapyr, although the full rate of imazethapyr applied POST with or without SAN 582 controlled grass weeds 80% or less. The combination of SAN 582 with sethoxydim was synergistic for barnyardgrass and johnsongrass control in this experiment. When applied POST in soybean, SAN 582 plus fluazifop-P or sethoxydim controlled barnyardgrass throughout the season better than a single POST application of a graminicide.

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera) Tolerance to Sulfosulfuron

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Better Than

Sulfosulfuron was recently registered for grassy weed control in creeping bentgrass, but turf sensitivity is a concern for intensively managed golf courses. Field and growth chamber experiments in New Jersey investigated creeping bentgrass growth responses and tolerance to sulfosulfuron. Creeping bentgrass chlorosis increased with sulfosulfuron rate but turf had less chlorosis from sequential sulfosulfuron applications compared to bispyribac–sodium. Herbicide-treated turf had similar root weight compared to untreated turf on six sampling dates. In growth-chamber experiments, creeping bentgrass treated with sulfosulfuron had chlorosis and clipping weight reductions exacerbated by reductions in temperature from 25 to 15 C. Overall, creeping bentgrass appears to tolerate sequential sulfosulfuron applications better than or comparable to bispyribac-sodium in early summer, whereas creeping bentgrass sensitivity to sulfosulfuron increases at cooler temperatures.

Paraquat for Weed Control Prior to Establishing Legumes

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Linscott ◽  
A. A. Akhavein ◽  
R. D. Hagin
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Growth

Land was prepared conventionally in early spring for the planting of small seeded legumes. Planting was delayed to allow emergence of weeds. We applied 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salts (paraquat) and planted legumes immediately afterwards. Stage of weed growth, time of herbicide application, rate of chemical applied, and the methods of seeding were variables imposed. Paraquat (plus surfactant) applied at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha to emerged weeds prior to the seeding of legumes controlled quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.] sufficiently to allow excellent establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.). A paraquat application delayed until yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) was at least 10 cm in height, followed by a disking, controlled the sedge sufficiently to allow legume establishment. For annual weed control, 0.3% kg/ha of paraquat was sufficient. Drilling as a method of seeding gave better legume stands than did surface-seeding techniques.

Interrelations of Tillage and Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Production

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber ◽  
Harold D. Kerr ◽  
Maurice R. Gebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

A 3-yr (1982, 1983, and 1984) study was conducted to determine the relationship between tillage and six weed control treatments for soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams 79′] production on silt loam (Udollic and Mollic Ochraqualfs). Conventional tillage consisted of spring moldboard plowing and secondary tillage with a combination tool just before planting. No-tillage consisted of a foliar application of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at the time of planting. Weed control treatments included combinations of no weed control with and without soybean plants, preemergence herbicide application only, postemergence herbicide application only, and combined preemergence and postemergence applications with and without additional handweeding. In 1982, a year of above-normal seasonal rainfall, conventional tillage had significantly greater soybean grain yields than no-tillage for all weed control treatments except the preemergence-only treatment. Yields within tillage systems and between weed control treatments in 1982 were not significantly different because adequate rainfall reduced the effect of weed competition for soil moisture. Soybean seed yields in 1983 and 1984 in no-tillage were equal to or significantly greater than those of conventional tillage. No-tillage treatments had greater soil moisture conservation and soil moisture availability resulting in less plant water stress during podfilling in periods of drought in 1983 and 1984. In all 3 yr, conventional tillage had significantly greater early weed growth than no-tillage in the treatments with and without soybean plants where no preemergence or postemergence herbicides were used. Comparing treatments with and without soybean plants indicated an average increase of 36 and 38% weed control for no-tillage and conventional tillage, respectively.

Postemergence Winter Weed Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Made In

Several herbicides were applied in January, February, and March with a comparison of the intervals of treatment of 2 and 4 weeks after the initial treatment each month for postemergence control of winter annual weeds in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] turf. Glyphosphate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] treatments applied at 2-week intervals with the initial treatment made in January or February controlled a higher percentage of annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) than when applied in March. Hop clover (Trifolium agrariumL.) control was also higher when glyphosate was initially applied in January or February than when applied in March regardless of time interval between first and second treatment. Combination treatments of (a) 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] + dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) and (b) 2,4-D + mecoprop {2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] propionic acid} + dicamba applied at 2-week intervals with the initial treatment made in January or February controlled more corn speedwell (Veronica arvensisL.) and hop clover than when applied in March. Highest henbit (Lamium amplexicauleL.) control was obtained from the combination 2,4-D treatments made at 4-week intervals when initial treatment was made in February and March. Weed control was not influenced by dates and interval of repeated treatments with either paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) or atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] treatments. Germination and regrowth of weeds were greater in plots treated with glyphosate and paraquat initially in January or February than other herbicide-treated plots. Weeds were not reestablished in any of the atrazine-treated plots. Paraquat and combinations of 2,4-D + dicamba or 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba injured bermudagrass when applied initially in January and February even though they were applied to turf that appeared dormant. All herbicides injured bermudagrass more when applied to semi-dormant turf in March than to dormant turf in January or February. Atrazine affected bermudagrass less than any of the other herbicides tested when initial treatment was applied in March to semi-dormant turf.

scholarly journals Effects of Silicon and Fungicides on the Control of Leaf and Neck Blast in Upland Rice

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Seebold ◽  
L. E. Datnoff ◽  
F. J. Correa-Victoria ◽  
T. A. Kucharek ◽  
G. H. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Neck Blast ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

Silicon (Si) has been shown to suppress diseases of rice such as blast when applied to Si-deficient soils. In 1995 and 1996, Si was applied at 1,000 kg ha-1 to at two locations in eastern Colombia to determine if Si combined with reduced rates of fungicide could be used to manage leaf and neck blast effectively in upland rice. Two applications of edifenphos and three applications of tricyclazole were made at 0, 10, 25, or 100% of their labeled rates after amendment of soil with Si. At both locations, Si alone and Si combined with edifenphos reduced leaf blast severity by 22 to 75% when compared with nonamended, untreated controls, and suppression of leaf blast by Si alone was equal to or better than the full rate of edifenphos alone. Si alone suppressed neck blast as effectively or better than the full rate tricyclazole when severity was low; however, when severity was higher, a 10% rate of tricyclazole was needed in addition to Si. No differences in yield were observed between Si without fungicides and fungicides (full rate) without Si. Applications of Si made in 1995 had significant residual activity in terms of disease control and yield in 1996. The application of Si to Si-deficient soils may permit the use of reduced rates of fungicide to manage leaf and neck blast in upland rice.

scholarly journals Innovative Herbicide Application Methods and Their Potential for Use in the Nursery and Landscape Industries

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Improved Methods

Chemical weed control is an important weed management option in nursery crop production and landscape maintenance. Improved methods of herbicide delivery can increase efficacy of chemical control and minimize off-site movement, applicator exposure, and incorrect herbicide application. Certain innovative technologies show potential for addressing these issues in the nursery industry. Slow-release herbicide tablets have shown promise in container production. Horticultural collars, treated paper, and treated mulch are potential ways of applying herbicides in container crop production and/or landscape maintenance. Horticultural collars contain herbicides between two layers of a carrier such as a landscape fabric. A rapidly degradable paper can be pretreated with an herbicide for a precise application rate. Mulch can be treated with a herbicide prior to use in the landscape for improved weed control. Herbicides applied through the clip-cut pruning system could control weeds selectively in nurseries and landscapes. Each of these methods may address one or more concerns about off-site movement, calibration, and applicator exposure to pesticides.

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