scholarly journals CROP ADVISORY COMMITTEES: AN ADVISORY COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 647a-647
Author(s):  
Mark A. Bohning ◽  
Allan K. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System

The United States' National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) is responsible for the acquisition, preservation, evaluation and distribution of plant genetic resources in the form of seed and clonal germplasm. In order to operate more effectively, the NPGS established a network of 40 Crop Advisory Committees (CACs) to provide analysis, data, and advice about germplasm within a crop or group of related crops of current or future economic importance. CACs are composed of Federal, State and industry scientists representing a variety of agricultural disciplines and geographic areas of importance to the crop. The committees are involved in a variety of activities including: 1) Developing crop descriptors for the collection of standardized characteristic and evaluation data, 2) Determining priorities for germplasm acquisition, evaluation and enhancement, 3) Advising curators on maintenance techniques, and 4) Developing special reports on the status of genetic resources for their crop(s). Twenty-four of the CACs are concerned with horticultural crops.

The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Shands
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System

The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) manages the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). The USDA's National Genetic Resources Program was created in 1990, using the NPGS as the model by which other life forms would also be preserved and utilized. While the NPGS is a broadly defined system, ARS has a specific role of acquiring, characterizing, preserving, documenting, and distributing germplasm to scientist users for research and breeding. The NPGS provides genetic resources to users at no cost but with a request to return data to incorporate in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database. The database is available as hard copy, diskette through PC-GRIN, and, for some crops, a CD-ROM disk. Service to users is the primary objective. The NPGS and 40 crop advisory committees exchange technical information on the most important conservation issues. Recent research advances at the National Seed Storage Laboratory provide guidance for storage management of orthodox and desiccation-sensitive seed and vegetative germplasm. Cryopreservation may receive more attention and play a more important role for the vegetative germplasm because improved seed management under conventional refrigerated storage is now possible. Key words: Germplasm, databases, cryopreservation

scholarly journals American–Japanese Expedition to Hokkaido to Collect Berry Crops in 2004

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 993A-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim E. Hummer ◽  
Tom Davis ◽  
Hiroyuki Iketani ◽  
Hiroyuki Imanishi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of New Hampshire

Genetic resources of temperate berry crops were collected 7 to 27 July 2004 in Hokkaido, Japan, under a bilateral agreement between the United States and Japan. This expedition was a collaborative effort between the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), the University of New Hampshire, and Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture, Japan. Additional assistance was provided by the Hokkaido Governmental Plant Genetic Resources Center, several Forest Research Stations of the Hokkaido University, and private botanists. The expedition obtained 100 accessions encompassing eight genera and 29 species. In all, 84 seedlots, and 23 plants were obtained. The genera collected included: Actinidia, Fragaria, Lonicera, Morus, Ribes, Rubus, Sambucus, and Vaccinium. Plant and seed accessions from this trip are preserved and distributed from the USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Ore., and from MAFF. The target genus for this expedition was Fragaria, so the trip was planned for July. Multiple samples of the two Japanese diploid strawberry species, Fragaria iinumae Makino and F. nipponica Makino (synonym = F. yezoensis H. Hara) were obtained during their prime ripening time. Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium fruits ripened later in the summer, but were collected when fruit were observed. Unfortunately, seeds of some of these accessions proved to be immature or nonviable upon extraction. We suggest that expeditions to collect these genera should be planned for late August. Morphological and molecular evaluation of collected germplasm is underway at the USDA ARS Corvallis Repository and at the University of New Hampshire.

Demand for Genetic Resources and the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Day Rubenstein ◽  
Melinda Smale ◽  
Mark P. Widrlechner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Malus hupehensis (Tea Crabapple) Accessions Using Simple Sequence Repeats

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Benson ◽  
Warren F. Lamboy ◽  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Malus Hupehensis ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) currently holds 36 separate accessions of the `Yichang' clone of Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. The `Yichang' clone originally entered the United States in 1908 as seed collected for the Arnold Arboretum by E.H. Wilson near Yichang, Hubei Province, China. The original description of M. hupehensis omits fruit characters, and botanists frequently augment these omissions with descriptions of the `Yichang' clone. Apomixis occurs in Malus, including M. hupehensis, and is strongly associated with elevated ploidy levels. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to characterize 65 accessions of M. hupehensis. To check for polyploidy, a set of M. hupehensis accessions was evaluated with flow cytometry. The simple sequence repeat phenotypes and ploidy information revealed the `Yichang' clone under various accession names in arboreta. It was neither known nor suspected that the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System held many duplicate accessions of the `Yichang' clone prior to their molecular characterization. Germplasm conservation decisions for Malus species can benefit from an increased knowledge of the genetic variation or lack thereof in naturalized populations and ex situ collections.

scholarly journals From Villous Strawberry Shams to Hairy Huckleberries: The Wild Side of Berry Exploration

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1440-1443
Author(s):  
Kim E. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Usda Agricultural Research ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis was established as the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System's berry genebank in 1981. Since then, the USDA has sponsored numerous explorations throughout the United States and foreign countries to obtain berry plant genetic resources. Species of Fragaria L. (strawberries), Ribes L. (currants and gooseberries), Rubus L. (raspberries and blackberries), and Vaccinium L. (blueberries and cranberries) are native to both domestic and international localities. With limited gene pools for cultivated strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, expeditions have provided a wealth of genetic resources to expand opportunities for breeders to develop new cultivars. Particularly given the diverse species inherent in the development of cultivated blueberries, these trips have discovered unusual new blueberry relatives and forms available for expanding the range of production, increasing plant yields, and improving fruit antioxidant content. Along the way, new fruit species and new uses for known species were observed. Gathering the bounty of the world's berries resulted in encounters with diverse fauna, from snakes, bears, and bison to butterflies, mosquitoes, ticks, and chiggers. Avenging Toxicodendron species have added their mark on intrepid explorers. Remote sites with nothing but clear night stars and the satellite markers on the global positioning system offer radiant beauty and an abiding hope for the conservation of plant genetic diversity for all people for all time.

scholarly journals Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Shivali Sharma ◽  
Albert Schulthess ◽  
Filippo Bassi ◽  
Ekaterina Badaeva ◽  
Kerstin Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Elite Germplasm

Wheat (Triticum sp.) is one of the world’s most important crops, and constantly increasing its productivity is crucial to the livelihoods of millions of people. However, more than a century of intensive breeding and selection processes have eroded genetic diversity in the elite genepool, making new genetic gains difficult. Therefore, the need to introduce novel genetic diversity into modern wheat has become increasingly important. This review provides an overview of the plant genetic resources (PGR) available for wheat. We describe the most important taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of these PGR to guide their use in wheat breeding. In addition, we present the status of the use of some of these resources in wheat breeding programs. We propose several introgression schemes that allow the transfer of qualitative and quantitative alleles from PGR into elite germplasm. With this in mind, we propose the use of a stage-gate approach to align the pre-breeding with main breeding programs to meet the needs of breeders, farmers, and end-users. Overall, this review provides a clear starting point to guide the introgression of useful alleles over the next decade.

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