Demand for Genetic Resources and the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Day Rubenstein ◽  
Melinda Smale ◽  
Mark P. Widrlechner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Malus hupehensis (Tea Crabapple) Accessions Using Simple Sequence Repeats

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Benson ◽  
Warren F. Lamboy ◽  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Malus Hupehensis ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) currently holds 36 separate accessions of the `Yichang' clone of Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. The `Yichang' clone originally entered the United States in 1908 as seed collected for the Arnold Arboretum by E.H. Wilson near Yichang, Hubei Province, China. The original description of M. hupehensis omits fruit characters, and botanists frequently augment these omissions with descriptions of the `Yichang' clone. Apomixis occurs in Malus, including M. hupehensis, and is strongly associated with elevated ploidy levels. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to characterize 65 accessions of M. hupehensis. To check for polyploidy, a set of M. hupehensis accessions was evaluated with flow cytometry. The simple sequence repeat phenotypes and ploidy information revealed the `Yichang' clone under various accession names in arboreta. It was neither known nor suspected that the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System held many duplicate accessions of the `Yichang' clone prior to their molecular characterization. Germplasm conservation decisions for Malus species can benefit from an increased knowledge of the genetic variation or lack thereof in naturalized populations and ex situ collections.

The U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Shands
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System

The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) manages the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). The USDA's National Genetic Resources Program was created in 1990, using the NPGS as the model by which other life forms would also be preserved and utilized. While the NPGS is a broadly defined system, ARS has a specific role of acquiring, characterizing, preserving, documenting, and distributing germplasm to scientist users for research and breeding. The NPGS provides genetic resources to users at no cost but with a request to return data to incorporate in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database. The database is available as hard copy, diskette through PC-GRIN, and, for some crops, a CD-ROM disk. Service to users is the primary objective. The NPGS and 40 crop advisory committees exchange technical information on the most important conservation issues. Recent research advances at the National Seed Storage Laboratory provide guidance for storage management of orthodox and desiccation-sensitive seed and vegetative germplasm. Cryopreservation may receive more attention and play a more important role for the vegetative germplasm because improved seed management under conventional refrigerated storage is now possible. Key words: Germplasm, databases, cryopreservation

scholarly journals CROP ADVISORY COMMITTEES: AN ADVISORY COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 647a-647
Author(s):  
Mark A. Bohning ◽  
Allan K. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System

The United States' National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) is responsible for the acquisition, preservation, evaluation and distribution of plant genetic resources in the form of seed and clonal germplasm. In order to operate more effectively, the NPGS established a network of 40 Crop Advisory Committees (CACs) to provide analysis, data, and advice about germplasm within a crop or group of related crops of current or future economic importance. CACs are composed of Federal, State and industry scientists representing a variety of agricultural disciplines and geographic areas of importance to the crop. The committees are involved in a variety of activities including: 1) Developing crop descriptors for the collection of standardized characteristic and evaluation data, 2) Determining priorities for germplasm acquisition, evaluation and enhancement, 3) Advising curators on maintenance techniques, and 4) Developing special reports on the status of genetic resources for their crop(s). Twenty-four of the CACs are concerned with horticultural crops.

scholarly journals Powdery Mildew Resistance in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System Cucumber Collection

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Block ◽  
Kathleen R. Reitsma
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Leaf Disks

Nine hundred and seventy-seven (977) cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) collection were tested for resistance to powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) Braun and Shishkoff, formerly known as Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.) Poll. Plants from each accession were evaluated in the greenhouse following inoculation with field isolates of P. xanthii. Each plant was placed into one of three susceptibility classes based on the amount of fungal growth and sporulation on the hypocotyl, stem, petioles and leaves - susceptible (S), intermediate (I) or resistant (R). Of the 977 accessions (9.6%), 94 contained at least one I or R-type plant. Seventeen of the 20 most-resistant accessions came from Asian sources, including China (PIs 418962, 418964, 432860, and 432870), India (PIs 197085, 197088, and 605930), Japan (PIs 279465, 288238, 390258, and 390266), Pakistan (PI 330628), the Philippines (PIs 426169 and 426170), and Taiwan (PIs 321006, 321009, and 321011). A quantitative study was conducted to compare mildew reproduction on S, I, and R-type cucumbers in the greenhouse and under field conditions in Ames, Iowa. Leaf disks were removed weekly and microscopic counts made of spore populations. The leaf disk method was superior to visual rating for ranking and differentiating intermediate from resistant accessions. Both the intermediate (moderately resistant) and highly resistant accessions provided excellent protection against powdery mildew in the field.

scholarly journals Fruit and Nut Genebanks in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1188-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Postman ◽  
Kim Hummer ◽  
Ed Stover ◽  
Robert Krueger ◽  
Phillip Forsline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Basic Plant ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

The year 2005 marked the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), repositories devoted to clonally propagated, horticultural fruit and nut crops. During this quarter century, facilities in Hilo, Hawaii; Mayaguez, PR.; Miami, Fla.; and Riverside, Calif. were developed to preserve collections of tropical and subtropical fruit and nut crops; facilities in Brownwood, Texas; Corvallis, Ore.; Davis, Calif. and Geneva, N.Y. preserve the temperate crops. Each of these facilities now has internationally recognized, globally diverse collections of genetic resources for their assigned genera. Germplasm of unique genotypes are maintained as growing plants, evaluated for phenotypic and genotypic traits, documented in a national public germplasm database, and freely distributed as clonal propaggules to researchers and other germplasm users around the world. Seed collections represent wild populations for some crop relatives. These 8 genebanks maintain 30,000 accessions representing 1600 species of fruit and nut crops and their wild relatives. The genebanks distribute more than 15,000 accessions annually to international researchers. Although originally conceived as working collections for crop improvement, NPGS genebanks have also become invaluable in providing the raw materials for basic plant genetic research, reservoirs for rare or endangered species or vulnerable landraces, archives of historic cultivars, and field classrooms for educating the public. These collections preserve botanical treasures as well as the American horticultural heritage for now and for future generations.

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