scholarly journals Chilling Affects Flowering of Fall-bearing Red Raspberries

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 800A-800
Author(s):  
F. Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Shoot Emergence ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Tissue-cultured raspberry plants are not exposed to low temperatures during the propagation phase, yet the primocane that grows from the crown will flower terminally after developing 20 to 25 nodes. We studied the effect of duration of chilling (hours) (CH) on days to flower (DTF) in primocanes arising from root suckers of previously cropped fall-bearing `Heritage' and `'Summit' raspberries. Growth of `Heritage' plants with 0 or low CH was either short with rosetted leaves or indeterminate. Plants with 0 CH remained vegetative for >240 days, while plants with >750 CH flowered in <4 months when the primocane had 25 to 30 nodes. These results suggested that low-temperature exposure prior to shoot emergence was necessary for flower bud initiation in `Heritage' red raspberry. In contrast, all `Summit' flowered; DTF ranged from 120 days for 0 CH plants to <70 days for plants with 1000 CH. Low-temperature treatment affected flower bud development. Plants with 0 CH developed 15 flowering laterals, while plants with >750 CH had 25 flowering laterals. Although `Summit' needs no CH to flower, low temperature treatments definitely accelerated DTF and increased the number of fruiting laterals.

Effects of cyst components and low temperature exposure of Heterodera glycines eggs on juvenile hatching in vitro

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Masler ◽  
Stephen T. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Affected Relative ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure

AbstractThe effects of low temperature treatment of Heterodera glycines eggs and the interaction of this treatment with egg condition and cyst influences were examined in vitro. Exposure of eggs to 5°C for 1 week followed by a return to normal culture temperature resulted in a 25-33% reduction in hatch after 2 weeks at 28°C but there was no effect on the timing of hatch. Hatch from encysted eggs was 40% lower than from free eggs at 2 weeks, and hatch from low temperature-encysted eggs was more than 60% lower during the same period. Encystment also altered the timing of hatch relative to free eggs from the same cohort. Hatch from free eggs in the presence of cyst contents was accelerated relative to free eggs without cyst contents, but the total cumulative percent hatch was not increased. Reduction in hatch as a result of low temperature treatment was significant only if the treatment was applied prior to the first juvenile stage (J1). J1 were not affected relative to the hatch of second-stage juveniles (J2). However, the effect of low temperature on earlier stages was not detected until development ceased at early J1 and later J1. Also, low temperature treatment affected the apparent locomotion of some newly hatched J2; 16-fold more J2 from treated eggs were retained on 30 μm pore sieves than those from control eggs. The depression of hatch by low temperature egg treatment was apparently the result of the residual effects on early embryo stages, leading to arrest of development prior to J2.

scholarly journals Tomato Seedling Growth, Earliness, Yield, and Quality following Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning and Low Temperatures

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina R. Melton ◽  
Robert J. Dufault
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure

`Sunny' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings were pretransplant nutritionally conditioned (PNC) in 1988 and 1989 with factorial combinations of N from 100 to 300 mg·liter-1 and P from 10 to 70 mg·liter-1. In 1988, all conditioned seedlings were exposed to 12 hours of 2C for eight consecutive nights before transplanting. In 1989, half of the conditioned plants were exposed to a low-temperature treatment of 8 days with 12-hour nights at 2C and 12-hour days in a warm greenhouse (19C/26C, night/day). In both years, as N PNC increased to 200 mg·liter-1, seedling growth increased. Increasing P PNC from 10 to 40 mg·liter-1 increased seedling growth, but only in 1988. In both years, P PNC did not affect yields. Low-temperature exposure in 1989 decreased seedling growth in comparison to those held in a warm greenhouse (19C/26C, day/night). In 1988, first harvest yields were not affected by N PNC; however, in 1989, as N increased to 200 mg·liter-1, early yields increased. In 1988, total yields increased wit h N PNC from 100 to 200 mg·liter-1 and in 1989 with N at 50 to 100 mg·liter-1 with no further increases from 100 to 200 mg·liter-1. Low-temperature exposure had no effect on earliness, yield, or quality. A PNC regime combining at least 200 mg N/liter and up to 10 mg P/liter should be used to nutritionally condition `Sunny' tomato seedlings to enhance yield.

scholarly journals Overcoming Dormancy of Mayapple Rhizome Segments with Low Temperature Exposure

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maqbool ◽  
Kent E. Cushman ◽  
Rita M. Moraes ◽  
Patrick D. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Terminal Node ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure ◽  
Shoot Emergence

American mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) is a rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial found in wooded areas of eastern North America and is a source of the pharmaceutical compound podophyllotoxin. This research was conducted to determine the optimum duration of low temperature exposure in overcoming dormancy of fall-harvested rhizome segments for subsequent use as propagules in greenhouse plantings. Two types of rhizome segments were harvested from the wild and used in this study: two-node rhizome segments consisting of a terminal node and its adjacent one-year-old node and one-node rhizome segments consisting of a single node, other than a terminal node, of unknown age or rhizome position. For growth cycle I, rhizome segments were exposed to low temperature (≈4 °C) for 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 days, planted in pots, and grown in a greenhouse set at 21 °C. Shoot emergence, shoots per pot, and plant height were recorded. Leaves were removed from plants when senescence first became evident, and leaf area was recorded. For growth cycle II, rhizome segments remained undisturbed in the original pots and were exposed to low temperatures (≈4 °C) for 90 days. Pots were again placed in the greenhouse and shoot emergence, shoots per pot, plant height, and leaf area were recorded. Increasing duration of low temperature exposure of rhizome segments up to 75 days appeared to increase percent emergence and plant height and decrease days to emergence, though changes in greenhouse conditions over the study period may have also influenced shoot emergence and plant growth. Two-node rhizome segments exhibited higher percent shoot emergence, shoot longevity, leaf area, and plant height than single-node segments during each growth cycle. Two-node rhizome segments also exhibited fewer days to emergence during growth cycle I. Rhizome segments produced no more than a single shoot in growth cycle I, whereas more than one shoot was produced in growth cycle II. Most of the effects of low temperature exposure during growth cycle I persisted throughout growth cycle II. These results indicate that dormancy of mayapple rhizomes can be overcome with low temperature exposure and shoots can be induced to grow at any time of year.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of the Early Development of the Phalaenopsis amabilis Flower Bud under Low Temperature Induction Using the iTRAQ/MRM Approach

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Cong Chen ◽  
Lanting Zeng ◽  
Haiyi Zhao ◽  
Qingsheng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Temperature Induction

Phalaenopsis amabilis, one of the most important plants in the international flower market due to its graceful shape and colorful flowers, is an orchid that undergoes vernalization and requires low-temperature treatment for flowering. There have been few reports on the proteomics of the development of flower buds. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to identify 5064 differentially expressed proteins in P. amabilis under low-temperature treatment; of these, 42 were associated with early floral induction, and 18 were verified by mass spectrometry multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). The data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD013908. Among the proteins associated with the vernalization pathway, PEQU_11434 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein GRP1A-like) and PEQU_19304 (FT, VRN3 homolog) were verified by MRM, and some other important proteins related to vernalization and photoperiod pathway that were detected by iTRAQ but not successfully verified by MRM, such as PEQU_11045 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase), phytochromes A (PEQU_13449, PEQU_35378), B (PEQU_09249), and C (PEQU_41401). Our data revealed a regulation network of the early development of flower buds in P. amabilis under low temperature induction.

scholarly journals Duration of Low Temperature Exposure Affects Egg Hatching of the Colorado Potato Beetle and Emergence of Overwintering Adults

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Jianghua Liao ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Zhijian Guan ◽  
Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure

The Colorado potato beetle is a serious pest of Solanaceae in China. In early summer, cold spells in later spring may occur for brief periods in the field environmental conditions, and temperatures often deviate far below the normal temperature for short periods, such as sudden short-term low temperature, may affect the development of Colorado potato beetle eggs. This paper studies the effects of low temperature stress at 8 °C for 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, and 10 d on the development of Colorado potato beetle eggs. Our results show that egg survival is significantly affected by short-term low temperature exposure. The percentage of eggs hatched is significantly affected by different treatment times (p = 0.000)—the percentage of eggs hatched decreases with increased treatment time, and Colorado potato beetles will extend the wintering time of their soil to resist the effects of lower temperatures. Thus, exposure of Colorado potato beetles to a short-term low temperature affects their emergence and population growth; this study could provide information for the occurrence, monitoring, and early warning of Colorado potato beetle during short-term temperature.

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