scholarly journals Allozyme and RAPD Analysis of the Geographic Variation and Genetic Diversity in Natural Populations of the American Chestnut

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 591f-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Huang ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Tom Kubisiak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New York ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Carolina Population ◽  
Isozyme Loci

The population structure and genetic diversity of American chestnut trees collected in nine states along the natural range of the species was evaluated using 20 isozyme loci. Genetic heterozygosity (Ht:Nei, 1978) ranged from 0.089 in the Georgia and 0.094 in the North Carolina population to 0.172 in the northernmost (Connecticut) and 0.181 in the southernmost (Alabama) population. Four populations (Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia, and Alabama) were selected for RAPD analysis using 22 loci randomly distributed across the chestnut genome. The highest level of heterozygosity was in the Alabama population. UPGMA phenograms generated for the isozyme and RAPD markers using Nei's genetic identity showed similar genetic relationships among American chestnut populations.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE AMERICAN CHESTNUT

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 750d-750
Author(s):  
Hongwen Huang ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
J.D. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Isozyme Loci

The genetic diversity within and between geographic populations of the American chestnut tree was evaluated with allozyme and RAPD markers. Winter dormant or mature shoot buds from American chestnut trees collected in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Connecticut were used for isozyme assays. Genetic diversity statistics calculated for 20 isozyme loci indicated that the highest level of heterozygosity was detected in the Alabama and Connecticut populations, the lowest level in the Great Smoky Mountain populations. RAPD analyses were conducted on American chestnut plant material. The best results were obtained with seed tissue. Seed from New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania populations and buds from Alabama and Georgia populations were evaluated for RAPD markers scattered throughout the chestnut genome.

scholarly journals RAPD Inheritance and Diversity in Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Huang ◽  
Desmond R. Layne ◽  
Thomas L. Kubisiak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New York ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Range

Twelve, 10-base primers amplified a total of 20 intense and easily scorable polymorphic bands in an interspecific cross of PPF1-5 pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal.] × RET (Asimina reticulata Shuttlew.). In this cross, all bands scored were present in, and inherited from, the A. triloba parent PPF1-5. Nineteen of the 20 bands were found to segregate as expected (1:1 or 3:1) based on chi-square goodness-of-fit tests, and were subsequently used to evaluate genetic diversity in populations of A. triloba collected from six states (Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, New York, and West Virginia) within its natural range. Analysis of genetic diversity of the populations revealed that the mean number of alleles per locus was A = 1.64, percent polymorphic loci was P = 64, and expected heterozygosity was He = 0.25. No significant differences were found among populations for any of the polymorphic indices. Partitioning of the population genetic diversity showed that the average genetic diversity within populations was Hs = 0.26, accounting for 72% of the total genetic diversity. Genetic diversity among populations was Dst = 0.10, accounting for 28% of the total genetic diversity. Nei's genetic identity and distance showed a high mean identity of 0.86 between populations. Genetic relationships among the populations examined by unweighted pair-group mean clustering analysis separated the six populations into two primary clusters: one composed of Georgia, Maryland, and New York, and the other composed of Illinois, Indiana, and West Virginia. The Georgia and Indiana populations were further separated from the other populations within each group. This study provides additional evidence that marginal populations within the natural range of A. triloba should be included in future collection efforts to capture most of the rare and local alleles responsible for this differentiation.

scholarly journals Extending the Genotype in Brachypodium by Including DNA Methylation Reveals a Joint Contribution with Genetics on Adaptive Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Eichten ◽  
Akanksha Srivastava ◽  
Adam J. Reddiex ◽  
Diep R. Ganguly ◽  
Alison Heussler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Joint Contribution

Epigenomic changes have been considered a potential missing link underlying phenotypic variation in quantitative traits but is potentially confounded with the underlying DNA sequence variation. Although the concept of epigenetic inheritance has been discussed in depth, there have been few studies attempting to directly dissect the amount of epigenomic variation within inbred natural populations while also accounting for genetic diversity. By using known genetic relationships between Brachypodium lines, multiple sets of nearly identical accession families were selected for phenotypic studies and DNA methylome profiling to investigate the dual role of (epi)genetics under simulated natural seasonal climate conditions. Despite reduced genetic diversity, appreciable phenotypic variation was still observable in the measured traits (height, leaf width and length, tiller count, flowering time, ear count) between as well as within the inbred accessions. However, with reduced genetic diversity there was diminished variation in DNA methylation within families. Mixed-effects linear modeling revealed large genetic differences between families and a minor contribution of DNA methylation variation on phenotypic variation in select traits. Taken together, this analysis suggests a limited but significant contribution of DNA methylation toward heritable phenotypic variation relative to genetic differences.

Genetic structure and variability in Pinusstrobus in Quebec

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1726-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
J.-P. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Bonferroni Procedure ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Very High

The level of genetic diversity of natural populations of eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) from Quebec was estimated from allozyme variants of 18 loci coding 12 enzyme systems. On average, a white pine population was polymorphic at 50.6% of loci, had 1.96 alleles and 1.22 effective alleles per locus, and observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.176 and 0.180, respectively. The level of genetic diversity was lower in the populations of the St. Lawrence lowlands than in those of western Quebec. This observation will help in guiding the selection program of the eastern white pine improvement program under way in Quebec. Genetic differentiation among sampled populations was weak and accounted for only 2% of the total diversity. The estimate of gene flow was very high, resulting in low values for genetic distances among populations. Only one locus showed a heterogeneity of allelic frequencies among populations after the Bonferroni procedure was applied for simultaneous statistical tests. A cluster analysis based on genetic distances among populations revealed that the Anticosti and Abitibi populations, located at the limit of the natural range of white pine, were similar to populations from regions that were geographically the most distant.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila) in Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Nobuhiro Tomaru ◽  
Masayuki Araki ◽  
Kihachiro Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Pair Group

Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila Regel) is a dominant species characteristic of alpine zones of high mountains. Eighteen natural populations of P. pumila were studied in an effort to determine the extent and distribution of genetic diversity. The extent of genetic diversity within this species was high (HT = 0.271), and the genetic differentiation among populations was also high (GST = 0.170) compared with those of other conifers. In previous studies of P. pumila in Russia, the genetic variation within the species was also high, but the genetic differentiation among populations was low. We infer that this difference originates from differences in geographic distribution and ecological differences between the two countries. The genetic variation within each population tended, as a whole, to be smaller within marginal southern populations than within northern populations. Genetic relationships among populations reflect the geographic locations, as shown by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees.

scholarly journals 065 Genetic Diversity of the Allegheny Chinkapin (Castanea pumila var. pumila)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 452C-452
Author(s):  
Fenny Dane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Conservation Plan

American species in the genus Castanea are susceptible to chestnut blight, caused by the Asian fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. This disease spread throughout the natural range of the American chestnut and reduced the species from a timber and nut producing tree to an understory shrub. The lesser known member of the genus, the chinkapin, has also been affected by this disease and a conservation plan is needed. Genetic diversity within and between geographic populations of the Allegheny chinkapin was evaluated to provide baseline genetic information pertinent to conservation of the species. Nuts of Allegheny chinkapin trees from populations in Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Virginia, and Ohio were collected and evaluated for isozyme and RAPD marker polymorphism. The genetic diversity of these populations will be compared with that of Ozark chinkapin and American chestnut populations. Conservation strategies will be discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of DNA polymorphism among cultivated and wild grapevine accessions from Azerbaijan

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Salayeva ◽  
E. Akhundova ◽  
A. Mammadov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Wild Grapevine

To estimate genetic relationships among 31 cultivated and 34 wild grape accessions originating from regions near the Caspian Sea in the Azerbaijan Republic, RAPD analysis was performed with 27 decamer primers selected from a total of 55 primers. The most discriminating primers were OPC-16, OPF-18 and OPA-17, which showed the highest values of genetic diversity (0.927, 0.914 and 0.909, respectively). The lowest values of diversity pertained to the markers OPA-1 (0.615) and V-20 (0.624). The cluster analysis representing genetic similarity among all selected samples divided the genotypes into nine separate groups at similarity index 0.508. Within the studied Azerbaijan grape populations the highest genetic diversity belonged to the population of cultivated samples originating from the Absheron peninsula, with a diversity index 0.852 and the next ranks were assigned to the wild populations originating from Nabran and Guba regions, with a diversity index 0.824 and 0.793, respectively. The lowest diversity was observed within Davachi individuals, with a diversity index 0.765. The wild population from Azerbaijan was molecularly similar to the cultivated gene pool from this area. This result supported the hypothesis that the southwest of the Caspian Sea is a region where grape was brought into culture. During the analysis a special band was observed which could be used in identifying wild and cultivated grape accessions with high or low resveratrol content. The results of this work clearly indicated that the RAPD analysis can be used to estimate genotypic similarities, genetic diversity and for clustering cultivated and wild grape accessions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document