Solarization for Weed Control in a Short-season Climate

A solarization site was established on the grounds of the Sawtooth Community Garden south of Ketchum, Idaho, in 1995. Feasibility of solarization for weed control was determined in a region of sunny, warm days and cool nights. Elevation of the site was 1829 m, with a growing season of 90 days. Treatments of double and single layers of clear and IRT plastic were applied 23 May 1995. These solarization treatments were compared to hand-hoeing, glyphosate sprays, and no control. Highest soil temperatures were reached under the double clear plastic, where daily peak temperatures ranged from 19 to 46C. Plastic treatments were removed on 30 Aug. 1995. Weed growth and growth of peas, green beans, carrots, and beets were recorded during the summer of 1996. Weed growth on 14 June 1996 ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 weeds/m2 in the solarization, hand-hoe, and glyphosate treatments and was 22.4 weeds/m2 in the no control treatment. On 20 Aug., weeds/m2 ranged from 1.4 to 2.0 in the solarization, hand-hoe, and glyphosate treatments and was 20.4 weeds/m2 in the no control treatment. At both dates there was no significant differences between weed control treatments, and any weed control method was significantly better than no control. Weight per plant of beets and beans was no different across all treatments. Carrot and pea plants were smaller in the no control treatments, and some variable differences were noted between weed control treatments. Results indicate that solarization in short-season, cool climates will result in little to no advantage over hand-hoeing or herbicide control of weeds, and no subsequent differences in crop growth can be expected.

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Assessment of Integrated Weed Management in Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences ◽

10.18782/2582-2845.8772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 169-172

Author(s):

Pritesh Doble ◽

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Control Method ◽

Block Design ◽

Green Gram ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Net Income ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Better Than

A field experiment was carried out during rainy (Kharif) season of 2019-20 at the research farm of AKS University, Satna, Sherganj, Madhya Pradesh. The treatments comprised twelve mechanical and chemical weed control treatment as detailed in chapter III. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. An uniform dose of 25 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O/ha was applied through urea, SSP and MOP, to all the experimental plots. Moongbean var. Shikha was sown on 13 July, 2019 keeping a seed rate of 25 kg/ha and row spacing of 30 cm. The plant to plant spacing of 10 cm was maintained by thinning. The weedicides were applied with or without hand weeding once or twice as per treatments. The crop was harvested on 17-23 September, 2019. Amongst the mechanical and chemical weed control method (IWM), hand weeding twice (weed-free condition) proved the best which enhanced significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yield and seed protein of green gram. The seed yield was up to 0.80 t/ha, net income up to Rs.29805 /ha and seed protein 24.46 %. Thereafter each of the herbicides applied along with hand hoeing proved for better than herbicide applied alone. Quizalofop-p-ethyl 700 g/ha with hand hoeing proved better than other three herbicide with hand hoeing. Therefore looking to the labour problem for hand weeding quizalofop + hand hoeing may be adopted to gain maximum benefit from green gram.

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FALL, SPLIT, AND TANK-MIX APPLICATION METHODS AS ALTERNATIVES TO SPRING PREEMERGENT HERBICIDE APPLICATION

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.627g ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 627g-628

Author(s):

Martin L. Kaps ◽

Marilyn B. Odneal

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Early Summer ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Full Rate ◽

Winter Annual ◽

Application Methods ◽

Annual Weeds ◽

Better Than

Preemergent herbicides were applied to vineyards in the southcentral Missouri Ozark region. These were applied at full label rate in the fall or in the spring, at half rate in the fall and again in the spring, and as tank-mixes in the spring. Days of acceptable annual weed control (30% or less cover) beyond the untreated control were determined for these application methods over three years. The fall applications were effective at controlling winter annual weeds and early summer annual weed growth the following season. By mid summer the fall applied preemergents lost residual activity. Splitting the label rate between fall and spring was no better than a full rate spring application at increasing the days of acceptable summer annual weed control. Single preemergent spring application performed as well as tank-mixes.

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Efficacy, Energy Budgeting, and Carbon Footprints of Weed Management in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132313239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 13239

Author(s):

Gurdeep Singh Malhi ◽

M. C. Rana ◽

Suresh Kumar ◽

Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani ◽

Abeer Hashem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Energy Use ◽

Maximum Energy ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Carbon Footprints ◽

Energy Use Efficiency ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Unit Output

Weed management in blackgram is one of the most efficient ways to improve its yield, as uncontrolled weed growth causes a significant decrease in crop yield. A field experiment was performed at Berthin, Himachal Pradesh, India, to investigate the efficacy, energy use efficiency (EUE), and carbon footprints of weed management tactics. Twelve weed control treatments were tested applied alone or in combination at pre and post emergence stages. The most prominent weeds were Cyperus iria, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and Echinochloa colona, which caused a 68.1% loss in unweeded conditions. The application of weed control treatments reduced the weed count at 60 DAS from around 50% to 90%. The most efficient weed control treatment was pre-emergence (PRE) use of ready mix imazethapyr 35% + imazamox 35% WG @ 80 g ha−1, which resulted in a minimum weed infestation (i.e., weed count and weed biomass) and consequently highest yield. Its efficacy in weed control treatment was on par with PRE use of ready mix imazethapyr (35%) + imazamox (35% WG @ 70 g ha−1. Maximum energy use efficiency was also obtained upon PRE use of imazethapyr (35%) + imazamox (35% WG) @ 80 g ha−1 (8.27), trailed by PRE use of imazethapyr + imazamox @ 70 g ha−1 (7.84), mainly because of the higher yield obtained in these treatments which shows their efficiency in energy conversion. The carbon footprints were observed to be the lowest in ready mix combination of imazethapyr (35%) + imazamox (35% WG) applied at 80 g ha−1 (0.11 kg CE kg−1 yield), followed by imazethapyr (35%) + imazamox (35% WG) applied at 70 g ha−1 (0.12 kg CE kg−1 yield), as it resulted in the lowest emission per unit output production.

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An assessment of reduced herbicide and fertilizer inputs on cereal grain yield and weed growth

American Journal of Alternative Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s088918930000850x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 60-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F.C. Stevenson ◽

A.M. Johnston ◽

S.A. Brandt ◽

L. Townley-Smith

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Control Method ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Weed Species ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Short Term ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Cereal Grain

AbstractAlthough crop production and weed growth could change if herbicides and fertilizer inputs were reduced, the short-term impact in an annual cropping system in the Northern Great Plains is not well understood. Data were collected from 14 sites in Saskatchewan, Canada, to investigate the influence of weed control method (cultural vs. herbicides) and N and P fertilizers on crop yield of fall rye, spring wheat, and barley, and the presence and number of weed species. Cultural weed control included 25% greater crop seeding rate, preseeding tillage closer to the time of seeding, and fertilizer N banding in closer proximity to the seed. Four weed species (wild oat, lambsquarters, wild buckwheat, and field penny cress) occurred more frequently in plots with cultural weed control compared with herbicide weed control for all cereal crops. However, straw and grain yields of all crops were unaffected by weed control method at all sites. The addition of fertilizer had a major impact on crop growth and some weed species. Green foxtail occurred more often in unfertilized compared with fertilized plots for all cereal crops. Straw and grain yields of all cereal crops were higher in fertilized compared with unfertilized plots. Crop yield response to fertilizer inputs was not consistent among sites for the three cereal crops. Producers making drastic reductions in fertilizer inputs may experience reductions in crop yields because of limited nutrient levels. However, the results indicate that herbicide inputs could be reduced or eliminated periodically with no short-term yield loss in cereal cropping systems.

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Chopped Newspaper for Weed Control in Nursery Crops

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-13.2.77 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 77-81

Author(s):

Norman E. Pellett ◽

David A. Heleba

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Row Crops ◽

Salix Caprea ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Nursery Crops ◽

Better Than

Abstract Chopped newspaper was evaluated as a weed control mulch for nursery row crops. Newspaper mulch at 2.3 and 3.6 kg/m2 [4.2 lb/yd2 (≈ 10 cm or 4 in depth) and 6.3 lb/yd2 (≈ 15 cm or 6 in depth), resp.] suppressed weed germination for two seasons without a negative effect on Daphne burkwoodii ‘Carol Mackie’, Physostegia virginiana, and Salix caprea. Gaillardia grandiflora had less growth when mulched with newspaper during one experiment, but not in another. The authors observed that wetting the newspaper mulch after application followed by compression with a lawn roller pressed the paper into a mat which resisted blowing and weathering. Further reduction in blowing of paper mulch was achieved by applying a tackifier after rolling. Bark mulch at 19.4 dm3/m2 (988 in3/yd2 ≈ 10 cm or 4 in depth) resulted in weed suppression comparable to either of the two rates of newspaper mulch and better than bark at 9.7 dm3/m2 (494 in3/yd2 ≈ 5 cm or 2 in depth). All mulch treatments moderated maximum soil temperatures on July 5, 1993 at 7.5 cm (3 in) depth by more than 10C (18F) when non-mulched soil increased to 36C (96.8F). The rate or type of mulch applied resulted in similar summer soil temperatures at 2.5 and 7.5 cm (1 and 3 in) soil depth.

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Weed infestation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on the cover crop and weed control method

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2012.015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 119-126

Author(s):

Dorota Gawęda ◽

Cezary A. Kwiatkowski

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Control Method ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Control Methods ◽

White Mustard

The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and in-crop weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a wheat crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included various types of stubble crops ploughed in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and methods of weed control in spring wheat (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). On average during the study period, all stubble crops used reduced the air-dry weight of weds in the treatments with mechanical weed management relative to the control treatment. Irrespective of the weed control method, the number of weeds in the wheat crop was significantly lower only after the ploughing in of white mustard. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to other weed control methods. The white mustard and legume mixture cover crops had a reducing effect on the number of weed species in relation to the treatment without cover crops. The highest floristic diversity of weed communities was found in the spring wheat crop in which only mechanical weeding alone was used.

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EFFECT OF A PLASTIC ROW TUNNEL AND SOIL MULCH ON TOMATO PERFORMANCE, WEED CONTROL AND HERBICIDE PERSISTENCE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps89-127 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 1055-1062 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. I. N. JENSEN ◽

E. R. KIMBALL ◽

C. L. RICKETSON

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Early Growth ◽

Yield Response ◽

Weed Species ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Clear Plastic ◽

Quality Response ◽

Polyethylene Mulch

Incorporated trifluralin (0.75 kg ha−1) and pre-emergence applications of metribuzin (0.5 kg ha−1) and diphenamid (6.0 kg ha−1) provided effective weed control in transplanted Springset tomatoes grown with early-season supported row tunnels and a full-season clear unperforated polyethylene mulch. This plastic system influenced the weed flora by enhancing or inhibiting the germination and early growth of certain weed species. However, after 5 or 6 wk the clear plastic mulch severely limited further weed growth and competition. This may account for lack of tomato yield or fruit quality response to varying levels of weed control on mulched plots whereas there was a yield response related to levels of weed control on unmulched plots. The plastic mulch also reduced the loss of all three herbicides from soils compared with unmulched plots.Key words: Row tunnels, plastic mulch, trifluralin, metribuzin, diphenamid, herbicide persistence

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023 Examination of Carriers in Application of Pre-Emergence Herbicides in Container-grown Nursery Stock

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.445a ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 445A-445

Author(s):

Hannah Mathers

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Agronomic Crops ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Species Effect ◽

Potting Media ◽

Weight Data ◽

Better Than ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Weed growth in container-grown nursery stock is a particularly serious problem. Inexpensive and easily accessible carriers for safe application of concentrated preemergent herbicides have been investigated. Monaco and Hodges (1974) evaluated standard pine bark used in potting media. Coating broadcast fertilizers with preemergents has also been recently examined in agronomic crops (Koscelny and Peeper, 1996; Rabaey and Harvey, 1994). The four objectives of this experiment were: 1) determine the efficacy and duration of weed control of a range of preemergent herbicide-impregnated carriers, applied as a top-dressing. The preemergents to be tested are: Goal, Surflan, Rout, Gallery, Gallery/Surflan, Ronstar and Regal 0; 2) determine the efficacy and duration of weed control of a range of preemergent herbicide-impregnated slow and controlled release fertilizers, applied preplant incorporated in the potting mix; 3) assess the phytotoxicity of the chemical-treated carriers on the ornamental plants evaluated; and 4) determine which weeds were controlled. Of the carriers investigated, bark was the best treatment regardless of pre-emergent used. However, Surflan and Gallery were slightly better than Goal. The effectiveness of the bark in controlling weeds is worth investigating in further studies. A significant species effect with the efficacy data was observed. Euonymus `Emerald Gaiety' was significantly better at competing with the weeds present than the other species evaluated. Top dressing gave significantly fewer weeds, with rated data, vs. incorporation. The effect was most pronounced for Kansel or Fert. plus Ronstar. Osmocote micro-fert. gave less weeds, top-dressed, when weed weights were analyzed. However, using the weed weight data, there were no significant differences whether the carriers were applied top dress or incorporated. Phytotoxicity was not significantly different with incorporation vs. top dressing.

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Functional Environment of Downy Brome Communities in Relation to Weed Control and Revegetation

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500077572 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 154-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Raymond A. Evans ◽

H. Richard Holbo ◽

Richard E. Eckert ◽

James A. Young

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Weed Control ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Downy Brome ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Control Growth ◽

Available Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Moisture Conditions

We measured some of the more important biologic and microclimatic parameters of the functional environment of downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.) communities during the establishment period of seedlings of intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium(Host) Beauv., var. Amur). These measurements were made in relation to weed control and seeding treatments. Weed growth and establishment of replacement vegetation were directly related to available soil moisture and favorable temperatures in the immediate environment of growing plants. Lack of available soil moisture during critical periods of the growing season was the major deterrent to seeding success. The limited precipitation stored as soil moisture was available to perennial grass seedlings where weeds were controlled. Without weed control, growth of downy brome preempted the effective precipitation, and moisture became limiting for growth of perennial grass seedlings. Seeding in furrows, along with weed control, further improved moisture conditions for the seedlings. Also, use of furrows enhanced seedling growth by lowering maximum air and soil temperatures in the seedlings' immediate environment.

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Important Weeds and Their Control in Soybean Production under Rice-Soybean Cropping Pattern

Buletin Palawija ◽

10.21082/bulpa.v17n2.2019.p66-72 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Arief Harsono ◽

Suryantini Suryantini ◽

Siti Muzaiyanah

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Block Design ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Soybean Production ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Production Areas

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Weed control is one of technology components in soybean production that needs high labor and cost. The objective of this study was to determine the major weeds and their controls for soybean grown after rice in lowland. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was a survey to observe the major weeds in soybean crops grown after rice in the farmers’ fields at three </span>central soybean production areas in Banyuwangi, namely Gambiran, Purwoharjo, and Tegal Dlimo subdistricts. The second stage was a trial conducted in lowland after rice in Genteng Research station, Banyuwangi during the dry season of 2013. The treatments were arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of: 1) without weed control, 2) weeding twice, 3) preemergence herbicide oxyfluorfen,(4) oxyfluorfen + postemergence 2,4-D dimethylamide, (5) oxyfluorfen + once hand weeding, and (6) once hand weeding. The results indicated that the major weeds were Oryza sativa, Cyperus rotundus, Ageratum sp., Echinochloa crusgalli, and Pilantus niruri consecutively. The weeds were effectively controlled by applying preemergence herbicide oxyfluorfen. This control method reduced the major weeds significantly and showed the same increase in seed yield as in other treatments (one and twice hand weeding) compared to the control treatment (without weeding).The soybean yield obtained from the treatment of without weeding,one hand weeding,and using oxyfluorfen herbicide was 0.60 t/ ha, 1.87 t/ha, and 1.93 t/ha, respectively.The use of oxyfluorfen herbicide is more efficient in terms of labor use than that of hand weeding. </p></div></div></div><p> </p>

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