The Response of Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) to Microorganisms and Humate Soil Inoculations

Effects of soil inoculations of selected beneficial microorganisms and humate materials on root mass, shoot growth, and turfgrass quality of a 6-month-old bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. cv. Tifway) stands growing on microplots in Kingsville, Texas, were studied. *SuperBio + Humus soil inoculant formulated by Ag-Technology Inc., was used in this study. Various levels (0, 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 1.5 gallons per acre) of the *SuperBio product were injected into the soil with irrigation water on weekly basis. Prior to the treatments, five 7.62-cm plugs were removed from each of the microplot for root and shoot growth analysis. Plug samples were subsequently taken every 4 weeks after the treatments. While all treatments, except the controls, showed increase in shoot growth, only 1 gal/acre treatment gave significant increase in root mass as compared to the other treatments including the controls. It appears that visual turfgrass quality ratings increased with an increase in treatment levels.

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Effects of Herbicides on Bermudagrass (Cynodonspp.) Sprig Establishment

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500082205 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 253-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. Wayne Bingham ◽

John R. Hall

Keyword(s):

Root Development ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Root Injury ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Cynodon Transvaalensis ◽

Adequate Ground

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ♯ CYNDA ‘Vamont’, ‘Midiron’, andCynodon dactylonXCynodon transvaalensisBurlt-Davy ♯ CYNTR ‘Tifway’] cultivars were tolerant to oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1, 3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] applied at rates up to 4.5 kg ai/ha during sprig establishment. The rate of shoot growth from sprigs after oxadiazon treatment was excellent and provided adequate ground cover within 3 months. Oxadiazon applications adversely affected root development of the Midiron cultivar as measured by the force required to uproot the sod. Root development of Vamont and Tifway after oxadiazon application was equal to that of untreated bermudagrass. Oxadiazon plus bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] was inhibitory to both root and shoot growth of all cultivars. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] applications at 3 and 5 weeks after sprigging caused severe root injury to Vamont and Midiron bermudagrass.

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The Germination Responses of Five Bermudagrass Cultivars to Seedcoating and Temperature

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.49.9.1225 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 1225-1229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gregg C. Munshaw ◽

John M. Layton ◽

Barry R. Stewart ◽

H. Wayne Philley ◽

Jeffrey S. Beasley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

The Past ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Cumulative Count ◽

Turfgrass Quality ◽

Standard Cultivar ◽

Significant Factors

As turfgrass quality of seeded bermudagrass (SB) [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars has increased over the past 20 years, so has their use. Improved SB cultivars offer ease of establishment and convenience of storage while providing an economic advantage over vegetative propagation. Currently, most improved seeded cultivars are marketed with a seedcoating unique to each seed company. However, germination of some of the new cultivars is not ideal. The objectives of this study were to determine commercial coating effects on germination, compare germination among cultivars, and evaluate the effect of temperature on germination of five bermudagrass cultivars. ‘Princess-77’, ‘Riviera’, ‘Transcontinental’, and ‘Yukon’ were selected for a series of 21-day germination studies with ‘Arizona Common’ included as a standard cultivar. The study compared two seed lots of coated and uncoated samples of the five cultivars for germination response to six temperature regimes. Cumulative count intervals occurred on Day 7, Day 14, and Day 21. Overall, commercial seedcoating did not significantly affect SB germination. However, both temperature regime and cultivar were significant factors. Germination percentage was greatest with either the 35/25 °C or the 30/20 °C temperature regimes. ‘Riviera’ exhibited the lowest overall germination, whereas ‘Transcontinental’ and ‘Arizona Common’ exhibited the highest.

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Effect of the ground-water regime and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of apples.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v33i3.16847 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 310-313

Author(s):

J. Visser

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Water Regime ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

N Application ◽

Groundwater Levels ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Results are summarized of a 12-year experiment with Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious on M9 rootstock. A 5-ha field of calcareous clay soil recently reclaimed from the sea was laid out to give 2 replicates of each of 11 drainage/subirrigation regimes. Three levels of N application were superimposed. The results are discussed in terms of changes in soil physical properties (structure, subsidence and compaction), root and shoot growth, and fruit yields and quality. Maximum vegetative growth occurred at groundwater levels of 70 to 130 cm in combination with adequate N application (75-150 kg N ha-1 year-1). The adverse effects of high groundwater levels on vegetative growth increased at higher N levels. Differences in fruit yields due to groundwater level were

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Tools for Evaluating Native Grasses as Low Maintenance Turf

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/hortsci.19.3.626 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 626-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Landon D. Bunderson ◽

Paul G. Johnson ◽

Kelly L. Kopp ◽

Adam Van Dyke

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Digital Image ◽

Digital Image Analysis ◽

Objective Evaluation ◽

West Region ◽

Quality Ratings ◽

Evapotranspiration Rate ◽

Color Data ◽

Turfgrass Quality

Visual ratings are the standard for evaluating turfgrass quality. However, to provide more objective evaluations and to address statistical concerns, other methods have been developed to measure turfgrass quality, including digital image analysis and measurements of chlorophyll content. These have been largely applied to traditionally used turfgrass species, but here we used these methods to evaluate turfgrass quality of nontraditional species and mixtures that are native or adapted to the intermountain west region of North America. Two fertilizer treatments (1.0 or 2.0 lb/1000 ft2 nitrogen) were applied to 21 different species and species mixtures in North Logan, UT. These plots were irrigated to replace 60% of the local evapotranspiration rate and were mowed at 4 inches. Turfgrass quality ratings were most effective in measuring quality among the diverse species used in this study. Because of the wider variation in acceptable visual characteristics and lower quality expectations for low-maintenance native turf, the objective evaluation methods proved less useful. Generally, chlorophyll meter data, digital image analysis of cover, and digital image analysis of color data were not well correlated with human visual quality ratings in this study. Measurements were well correlated in some species, but not in others. These methods can supplement, but cannot replace, human visual turfgrass quality ratings for comparison of dissimilar grasses.

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Root and Shoot Growth of ‘Coral Beauty’ Cotoneaster and Leyland Cypress Produced in Porous and Nonporous Containers

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-10.3.133 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 133-136

Author(s):

Diane W Privett ◽

Rita L Hummel

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Root Mass ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Growing Media ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Porous Walls ◽

Plastic Containers

Abstract ‘Coral Beauty’ cotoneaster and Leyland cypress rooted cuttings were grown in media of all fir bark or fir bark:peat moss (1:1 by vol) and plastic containers with varying wall designs (nonporous smooth-walls, nonporous ridge-walls, or porous walls). Results Indicated no effect of the growing media shoot or root growth of either species. Shoot growth of Leyland cypress was not affected by container design. ‘Coral Beauty’ cotoneaster shoot growth was greater in the porous container than in the nonporous smooth-walled container. Root Circling of both species was greatest in the nonporous smooth-walled containers. Ridges in the nonporous ridge-wall containers generally directed roots to grow downward where some circling at the bottom of the root ball occurred. When roots in the porous walled containers reached the periphery of the root ball they stopped growing, resulting in a fine, fibrous root mass at the periphery of the rootball.

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UTILIZING COMBINATION OF HERBICIDE COMMAND AND GROWTH STIMULATORS MELAFEN AND EMISTIM C FOR TOBACCO SEEDLING GROWING

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-31-2-26-32 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Toxic Effect ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Economic Effect ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Root Mass ◽

Qualitative Properties ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

Prolonged Effect ◽

Agricultural Plants

Efficiency of combination of soil herbicide Command (CE 0.02 ml/m2) and growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S for tobacco seedling growing in sheltered ground has been studied. Before studies inhibition properties of herbicide on first stage of tobacco growing were found. For decreasing effect of herbicide ’s depression and increasing growing processes researches during greenhouse and field stages have been carried. It has been found that soaking seeds in solution of growth stimulator Melafen (concentration 0.05 %) and Emistim S (concentration 0.00001 %) during 3 hours in combination with further treatments on basic stages of seedling development (cotyledon and ready for transplanting before pulling out) led not only to decreasing toxic effect of herbicide but also increasing qualitative properties of tobacco plants. Growth stimulators led to increasing length of plants from collar to growing point by 46-62 %, to end of tips - by 20-35 %, above ground plant mass - by 42 - 86 %, root mass - by 32 %. It was also noticed 28 - 36 % increasing outcome of standard seedlings from m2 in time of transplanting. Due to prolonged effect of Melafen and Emistim S seedlings transplanted into field were with increased surviving properties. Later, due to increased growing rate it was noticed increasing leaf area by 9-18 % and productivity - by 16-24 %. Economic effect due to utilizing growth stimulators Melafen and Emistim S during seedling stage reaches 360 and 470 rubles/m2 and during field stage - 66 and 98 th.rubles/ha respectively. Offered elaboration can be utilized for protecting systems of different agricultural plants where utilizing soil herbicides is recommended. Also quality of cured tobacco grown with stimulators had been improved.

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Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5179

Author(s):

Ilahi Shaik* ◽

P. Janakiram ◽

Sujatha L. ◽

Sushma Chandra

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

High Salinity ◽

Saline Soils ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

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