scholarly journals 301 Bioregulators Affect Apple Yield and Quality Attributes

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 494D-494
Author(s):  
George Ouma ◽  
Frank Matta
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Yields

Experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to investigate the effect of Accel and Carbaryl sprayed 2 weeks postbloom on apple fruit yield and quality and to relate the degree of fruit set reduction to the yield of three apple cultivars (Empire, Jon-A-Red, and Braeburn). The treatments consisted of Accel 25 ppm, Accel 50 ppm, Accel 75 ppm, Carbaryl 0.05%, Carbaryl 0.1%, Carbaryl 0.2%, and an unsprayed control. Trials conducted over the 2 years indicated that Accel and Carbaryl reduced the fruit set of three apple cultivars as shown by the lower number of fruit per limb cross-sectional area on the sprayed trees compared to the unsprayed trees. Most effective concentrations in reducing the fruit set on apples were Accel 50 ppm, Accel 75 ppm, Carbary 0.01%, and Carbaryl 0.2%, with high yields and high fruit rates. Therefore, it was concluded that these are the best concentrations for thinning of apples. Other quality attributes, such as pH, sugar content, and percent fruit red were also increased by the treatments. The treatments did not influence the number of seeds in the fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit length: diameter ratio.

scholarly journals 302 Accel and Carbaryl Affect Apple Thinning

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 494E-494
Author(s):  
George Ouma ◽  
Frank Matta
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to investigate the effect of Accel and Carbaryl on apple fruit on three apple cultivars (Empire, Jon-A-Red, and Braeburn) at the Mississippi State Univ. Aricultural Experiment Station, Pontotoc. The treatments consisted of Accel 25 ppm, Accel 50 ppm, Accel 75 ppm, Carbaryl 0.05%, Carbaryl 0.2%, and an unsprayed control. Trials conducted over 2 years showed that Accel and Carbaryl consistently reduced the fruit set of three apple cultivars. There were interactions between the bioregulators and cultivars only in 1996. In all the bioregulators, treatments reduced fruit set, while in 1996, Carbaryl and Accel at all concentrations except Accel 25 ppm reduced the fruit set of `Empire', `Jon-A-Red', and `Braeburn'. Carbary 0.2% and Accel 75 ppm were the most-effective concentrations in `Empire', `Jon-A-Red', and `Braeburn', respectively, in 1996. The treatments generally increased yield and sugar content, while pH was either not affected, increased or decreased, depending on the apple cultivar.

scholarly journals Influence of M9 Rootstock on the Reproductive Behaviour of Apple Cultivars under Dry, Semi-arid Growing Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hafuz Domi ◽  
Telat Spahiu ◽  
Endrit Kullaj ◽  
Fadil Thomaj
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Growth Dynamic ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
June Drop

In the last decade, apple has been intensively cultivated in the western coast of Albania. The scope of this research was to study the influence of M9 rootstock on the reproductive behaviour of apple cultivars ‘M. Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Starking’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Pink Lady’. The trial was conducted from 2010 – 2011 in 5-year old orchards with 2,250 trees/ha grown as French axe and in full production located in Lushnja. The following indicators were measured: diameter of two main branches, number of fruits/branch, fruit growth dynamic and sugar content (%). Global radiation, temperature and humidity were recorded. The reproduction behaviour has also been measured by fruiting spurs in the general structure of the canopy as well as the number of fruits formed for each cultivar. The results have shown that in terms of fruit set, cultivars are ranked as follows: ‘M. Gala’ with the highest number of fruits, then ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Starking’, respectively. The dynamic of fruit dropping shows that ‘Starking’, having the lowest fruit set, after the June drop is more stable while ‘M. Gala’, with the highest fruit set, besides an abundant June drop, had another drop in July.  This is due to higher competition among the fruits and failure of the rootstock to supply the adequate quantities of sap. In terms of fruit growth dynamic, it was observed that intensive growth was measured for all the cultivars during the end of July after which fruit growth slowed down. Changes between cultivars were observed in relation to the maturation period of each cultivar, with ‘M. Gala’ maturing in August, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Pink Lady’ in October and November. ‘Starking and ‘Golden Delicious’ cultivars had a more rapid maturation (20 September), accompanied with a higher sugar content which is far more related to climatic factor rather than M9 rootstock. In conclusion, it was found that the cultivars under study have different reproductive behaviour with M9 rootstock. It can also be stated that ‘Starking’ is not appropriate for this coastal region due to inadequate fruiting behaviour.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the carrot gene pool for yield and quality indicators at Volgograd Experiment Station of VIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
V. E. Pryanishnikova ◽  
T. V. Khmelinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Yields

The Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain is among the areas with insufficient rainfall, where high air temperatures in summer are coupled with low humidity. An urgent task is to select carrot cultivars adapted to irrigated cultivation conditions. For this purpose, 101 carrot accessions of diverse origin were studied at Volgograd Experiment Station. The study was accomplished according to the guidelines developed by VIR.The tested carrot accessions demonstrated different responses to abrupt changes in the temperature and water regimes. At the same time, differences were found in the yield and quality of roots. An important indicator was the stability of root yield. High-yielding cultivars with relatively stable yields were identified: ‘Nesravnennaya’ (k-1528, Russia), ‘Leninakanskaya’ (k-1936, Armenia), ‘Asmer Early market’ (k-2304, UK), and ‘Konservnaya-63’ (k-2320, Moldova). High yields and good marketability were shown by cvs. ‘Nantes’ (k-1438, Bulgaria), ‘Leninakanskaya’ (k-1936, Armenia), ‘Danvers’ (k-2167, USA), ‘Konservnaya-63’ (к2320, Moldova), ‘All Season’ (k-2598, Australia), and ‘Rogneda’ (k-2611, Russia). These cultivars originated mostly from arid areas. The content of chemical compounds in roots was highly variable, depending on the cultivar (hybrid) and, in particular, on the growing conditions. For example, the sugar content ranged from 3.0 to 6.85%, ascorbic acid from 7.9 to 12.2 mg/100 g, and carotene from 9.5 to 17.9 mg/100 g. The tests revealed a considerable variability in main agronomic characters of the carrot accessions, especially when high-yielding cultivars were concerned: they were the most sensitive to cultivation in arid environments and suffered a decrease in marketability. As a result of the study, carrot accessions combining high yield, good marketability and beneficial chemical composition were identified. They are promising for breeding programs aimed at the development of cultivars adaptable to high summer temperatures and low humidity. 

scholarly journals 517 Bloom Thinner Wilthin Decreased Fruit Set and Increased Fruit Yield and Quality of Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 534F-535
Author(s):  
Ejaz Mohammad Ansari ◽  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Taqueer Abbas ◽  
Mohammad Baquir
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Golden Apples

The influence of bloom chemical thinner Wilthin on three apple cultivars (Royal Gala, Blushing Gold, and Ultra Gold) was investigated. Two experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine the effect of Wilthin at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% on fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, yield, juice pH, acidity, SSC, sucrose, glucose, fructose, fruit firmness, and fruit set. Wilthin reduced fruit set of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' and increased yield of all cultivars. In general, Wilthin increased fruit weight of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' both years. Wilthin increased fruit length and diameter of `Royal Gala' and `Ultra Gold', but it did not affect fruit length of `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin increased fruit juice pH of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' during both years. Wilthin decreased fruit juice acidity of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. In 1995, Wilthin increased SSC of `Royal Gala' and `Ultra Gold'. In 1996, Wilthin did not effect SSC of `Royal Gala' and `Blushing Golden', but increased SSC of `Ultra Gold'. Wilthin increased sucrose concentration of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin did not effect fruit juice glucose concentration of `Royal Gala' but increased fruit juice glucose concentration of `Ultra Gold' and `Blushing Golden'. Wilthin did not influenced fructose content of `Royal Gala' and `Blushing Golden' apples. Wilthin increased fructose contents of `Ultra Gold'. Accel increased fruit firmness of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden' and increased fruit firmness of `Royal Gala'.

scholarly journals 509 Defoliation Affects Return Bloom, Fruit Set, and Fruit Quality of Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 482D-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Davis ◽  
John A. Barden ◽  
Ross E. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Defoliation ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Return Bloom

In 1997 and 1998, we determined the effects of defoliation on return bloom and fruit set following a light cropping year. In one study, `Braeburn' trees were hand-thinned to a crop density (CD) of 3 fruit/cm 2 trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) in late May 1997, and then either completely defoliated or half of the tree defoliated by hand on one of five dates between June and Sept. 1997. Compared to a nondefoliated control, both whole and half-tree defoliation on all dates reduced fruit count and yield efficiency (kilograms per square centimeter of TCSA) and affected fruit weight, starch, firmness, and soluble solids in 1997. In 1998, return bloom and fruit set were reduced by most 1997 defoliation treatments. Compared to other dates, defoliation on 3 July caused the greatest reduction in return bloom in both whole and half-defoliated trees. In another study, `Braeburn' trees were hand-thinned to a CD of 5 in late May 1998; complete defoliation by hand on 1, 15, or 29 July reduced return bloom and fruit set in 1999; the 1 July treatment resulted in zero return bloom. `Golden Delicious' and `York' trees were thinned to a CD of 3 in late May 1998 and were hand-defoliated on 21 July or 12 August by removing every other leaf or removing three of every four leaves over the entire tree. In 1999, return bloom and spur and lateral fruit set were reduced by all defoliation treatments. Fruit set was most reduced by the 12 Aug. treatment. Fruit set for `York' was lower than for `Golden Delicious' in all cases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Accel and Carbaryl on the Fruit Set, Yield, Quality, and Leaf Mineral Composition of Apples

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 686d-686
Author(s):  
George Ouma ◽  
Frank Matta
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Cu And Zn

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of Accel and carbaryl on the fruit set, yield, quality, and leaf mineral composition of three apples cultivars: `Empire', `Jon-A-Red', and `Braeburn'. The treatments used were Accel at 25, 50, and 75 ppm; carbaryl at 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%. There were significant increases in length: diameter ratio, weight of fruit per tree, pH, and percent red color. Mean fruit weight, percent N, K, and Mg as the rates of Accel and carbaryl increased. Sugar content in the fruit and the levels of P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the leaves were not affected. We conclude that the increased fruit weights were due to increased cell numbers and the few fruit that remained after thinning, thereby leading to increased amounts of assimilates directed to the developing fruit. The increase in percent red color is indicative of the effect of the treatments on the degree of ripening.

scholarly journals 224 Effect of Accel and Ethephon on Fruit Set and Sugar Content of Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 480E-481
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ejaz Ansari ◽  
Frank B. Matta
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Apple Cultivars

The influence of chemical thinners Accel and ethephon on three apple cultivars Royal Gala, Blushing Gold, and Ultra Gold was investigated. Two experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine the effect of Accel at 0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm and ethephon at 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm on fruit juice SSC, fruit juice sucrose, fruit juice glucose, fruit juice fructose, and fruit set. Accel and ethephon reduced fruit set of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. In 1995, chemical fruit thinners Accel and ethephon increased SSC of `Royal Gala' and `Ultra Gold' and did not affect SSC of `Blushing Golden'. In 1996, Accel and ethephon did not effect the SSC of `Royal Gala' and `Blushing Golden'. However, Accel increased SSC of `Ultra Gold'. Accel and ethephon increased sucrose concentration of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. Accel increased fruit juice glucose concentration of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. Ethephon did not effect fruit juice glucose concentration of `Royal Gala', `Ultra Gold', and `Blushing Golden'. Accel did not effect fruit juice fructose concentration of `Royal Gala'. However, Accel increased fructose levels of `Ultra Gold' and `Blushing Golden' in 1995. Accel did not effect fruit juice fructose concentration of `Blushing Golden' in 1996. Ethephon did not effect fruit juice fructose concentration of `Royal Gala'. Ethephon increased fruit juice fructose concentration of `Ultra Gold'. Ethephon did not effect fruit juice fructose concentration of `Blushing Golden'.

scholarly journals Effect of Ovule Damage on Fruit Development in Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T.A. Proctor ◽  
Ido Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Apple Cultivars

`McIntosh', `Delicious', and `Idared' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruitlet ovaries were artificially damaged with a needle four times after full bloom to assess effects of such damage on fruit growth and development. The damage induced fruit drop, reduced fruit weight, and increased the incidence of fruit deformity, but had no effect on fruit length: diameter ratio. Fruit fresh weight and deformity were correlated with seed per fruit at harvest.

scholarly journals Influence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained deficit irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Faghih ◽  
Zabihollah Zamani ◽  
Reza Fatahi ◽  
Mohammad Omidi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Abstract Background Apple is one of the oldest and most valuable fruits. Water restriction is one of the major problems in the production of this fruit in some planting areas. Methods Effects of kaolin spray treatments were studied on two early apple cultivars of Golab and Shafi-Abadi under sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in Alborz province, Iran during 2017 and 2018. Irrigation treatments were 100%, 85%, and 70% ETc and kaolin application were concentrations of 0, 3 and 6% in 2017 and 0, 1.5 and 3% in 2018. Results Results showed that 85% ETc treatment compared to other irrigation treatments improved apple tree crown volume in 2017. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly reduced fruit weight in both years. Application with 6% kaolin resulted in 33.3% increase in apple fruit weight compared to non-kaolin treatment at 100% ETc irrigation in the first year. Severe deficit irrigation (70% ETc) significantly reduced apple fruit length in both years, but 6% kaolin increased fruit length in both apple cultivars in 2017. Severe deficit irrigation treatment increased the firmness of apple fruit compared to control and mild deficit irrigation (85% ETc) in the first year of experiment. There was no significant difference between irrigation treatments for apple fruit firmness in the second year of experiment. Kaolin treatments of 1.5% and 3% at full irrigation increased the soluble solids content of apple fruit by 36.6% and 44.1% in 2018, respectively. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly increased leaf proline content compared to control in both years. In the first year, kaolin treatments increased leaf proline but in the second year, leaf proline was not significant. Deficit irrigation treatment of 70% ETc and 6% kaolin had the highest amount of glycine betaine content, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in apple leaf in the first year of experiment. Conclusions Severe deficit irrigation stress (70% ETc) increased the activity of nonenzymatic defense systems of apple trees. Kaolin as a drought stress reducing agent can be recommended in apple orchards of Golab and Shafi-Abadi cultivars as an effective and inexpensive method to improve tolerance to drought stress conditions.

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