scholarly journals Effect of Ovule Damage on Fruit Development in Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T.A. Proctor ◽  
Ido Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Apple Cultivars

`McIntosh', `Delicious', and `Idared' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruitlet ovaries were artificially damaged with a needle four times after full bloom to assess effects of such damage on fruit growth and development. The damage induced fruit drop, reduced fruit weight, and increased the incidence of fruit deformity, but had no effect on fruit length: diameter ratio. Fruit fresh weight and deformity were correlated with seed per fruit at harvest.

scholarly journals Almond Fruit Drop Patterns under Mediterranean Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Jaume Lordan ◽  
Lourdes Zazurca ◽  
Mercè Rovira ◽  
Laura Torguet ◽  
Ignasi Batlle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Tree Management ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Almond is an important tree nut crop worldwide, and planted areas have been increasing year after year. While self-fertility is one of the key factors when it comes to improved almond productivity of new cultivars, yield is also affected by the number of flowers produced, pollination, fruit set, fruit drop, and fruit weight. Almond fruit drop patterns of 20 Mediterranean almond cultivars were studied over three years. In addition, fruit drop patterns of two scion cultivars ‘Marinada’ and ‘Vairo’ budded onto eight to 10 different rootstocks managed with three different pruning strategies were studied for two years. Cumulative flower and fruit drop ranged from 50% to 90% among cultivars and treatments, and there were up to four fruit drop events during the growing season, the main one occurring from 20–60 days from full bloom (DFFB). Subsequent drops were at 100 DFFB, 120–140 DFFB, and the last one at 160–180 DFFB. The later drops were less apparent. In general, about half of the cumulative drop was comprised of buds and flowers, and the remaining percentage was fruit that dropped 20 or more days after full bloom. Furthermore, different fruit drop patterns were observed depending on the cultivar. For late- and extra-late flowering cultivars, cumulative fruit drop began to decrease earlier, with most of the drops occurred already at full bloom, whereas the opposite was observed for the early flowering cultivars. Rootstocks also had an important effect on the fruit drop pattern, with different effects depending on the scion cultivar. Tree management, such as type of pruning, also had an important effect on the rate of fruit drop and cumulative drop. Therefore, each combination of cultivar × rootstock × pruning type will require different strategies in order to reduce the fruit drop and optimize crop loads.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics of pomegranate accessions from the Kurdistan region, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Saadatian Mohammad ◽  
Paiza Abdurahman ◽  
Kanar Salim ◽  
Pershang Younis ◽  
Hewen Abdurahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Some physico-chemical properties of ten pomegranate accessions collected from different districts in the Kurdistan region of Iraq were investigated in this paper. Considerable correlations between the characteristics studied were found and valuable pomological traits were observed. Cluster analysis showed the homonyms between some pomegranate accessions. Principle component analysis reported that the component describing the greatest variability also positively correlated with fruit weight, total aril weight, total peel weight, volume of juice, total soluble solids (TSS), fruit length, fruit diameter, pH, aril length, and 100-seed fresh weight, but negatively correlated with titratable acidity (TA). Fruit weight was firmly correlated with total aril weight, total peel weight, volume of juice, TSS, aril length, 100-seed fresh weight, fruit length and fruit diameter. The volume of juice was correlated with TSS, aril length, 100-seed fresh weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and it was observed that with an increase in the fruit size, the volume of juice increased as well. The correlation between total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity was not observed. The associations found among physical and chemical traits suggest that consumers should use large fruits with large arils so that they have more juice. Thus, ?Choman?, ?Raniyeh? and ?Halabja? were juicier than other accessions.

Validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in peel and flesh of six apple cultivars (Malus domestica) at diverse stages of fruit development

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Zhu ◽  
Chengquan Yang ◽  
Yaohua You ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Nannan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Effect of timing of hand thinning on productivity of Moorpark apricots destined for drying

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rettke ◽  
A. P. Dahlenburg
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Fruit Stone

Summary. Thinning at full bloom was compared with thinning at 3 stages of fruit development and the effects on size, total soluble solids level (TSS) and yield of apricots are reported. In 2 seasons separate branches of 9-year-old Moorpark apricot trees were hand-thinned to a density of 1 blossom or fruit per 50 mm of fruiting wood. Times of thinning were at full bloom, 5–15 mm size fruit, stone tip hardening and 21 days post stone tip hardening. These treatments were compared with an unthinned control. Experimentation was carried out at Loxton, South Australia. All thinning treatments reduced the yield of fresh fruit. Thinning reduced yield of dried fruit irrespective of timing in the first season but only at the 5–15 mm diameter fruit timing in the second season. Total soluble solids level of the fruit was increased by thinning which tended to improve drying ratio. Compared to the unthinned control all thinning treatments increased the size of fresh fruit. Mean fruit weight and diameter progressively decreased as thinning was delayed from full bloom till stone tip hardening. Thinning at full bloom produced higher yields of 35-mm-grade dried fruit than other treatments. To achieve the greatest benefit from thinning it should be carried out at blossoming.

scholarly journals Evaluation of select cider apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grown in Ontario. I. Horticultural attributes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Plotkowski ◽  
John A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Survival Tree

Twenty-eight apple cultivars were selected for their potential for hard cider production in Ontario. An experiment was conducted to evaluate their horticultural potential in the province. After being planted in spring 2015, the trees were evaluated annually for their survival, tree height and spread, trunk growth, flowering dates, flower counts, fruit per tree, pre-harvest drop, crop load, fruit weight, fruit firmness, juicing extraction efficiency, and harvest dates. These horticultural attributes were sufficient to discriminate between cultivars. Additional exploratory analyses indicated a relationship between horticultural attributes and a cultivar’s origin, with British cider cultivars blooming the latest, American cider apples producing the most juice, and French cider cultivars having the highest pre-harvest fruit drop. Cultivars in this study that show promise for continued research in Ontario include Binet Rouge, Bramley’s Seedling, Breakwell, Bulmers Norman, Calville Blanc d’Hiver, Cline Russet, Cox Orange Pippin, Crimson Crisp®, Dabinett, Enterprise, Esopus Spitzenberg, Golden Russet, GoldRush, Medaille d’Or, Porter’s Perfection, and Stoke Red.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ON APPLE AND PLUM FRUIT THINNING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 690a-690
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Brenda R. Simons ◽  
John K. Fellman ◽  
W. Michael Colt
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Influence of various concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on fruit thinning of `Rome Beauty' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), `Friar,' and `Simka' plums (Prunus salicina Lindley) were studied. A full bloom application of HC at all tested concentrations decreased `Rome Beauty' apple fruit set and yield, and increased fruit weight. Hydrogen cyanamide at 0.25% (V/V) resulted in adequate apple thinning, indicated by the production of an ideal fruit weight. Prebloom and full bloom applications of HC at greater than 0.75% reduced plum fruit set and yield in `Friar.' Full bloom application of HC at 0.25% to 0.50% showed a satisfactory fruit set, yield, and fruit size in `Friar' plum. Full bloom application decreased fruit set and yield in `Simka' plum. Hand thinning, as well as chemical thinning, is recommended for plums.

scholarly journals Study of multivariate analysis of quantitative traits in Iranian pumpkin lines

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
Mehrab Yadegari ◽  
Mohammad Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Fruit Diameter

In this study, seed yield production and its different components fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit length/fruit diameter ratio (FL/FD), diameter of flesh, diameter of seed core, fruit weight, weight of 1000 seed from 24 lines of pumpkin grown in Iran was examined. Twenty-five characters in all plant lines were measured by Descriptor (UPOV) and data were subjected to cluster analysis. Results showed that plants lines were divided in four groups. In all groups, regression comparisons were made for modeling the effect of different characters on seed yield, results also showed that fruit weight and fruit length in all groups had the most direct effect on seed yield. In conclusion, these traits are suggested as the best indirect selection criteria to improve the seed yield genetically in Cucurbita spp. genotypes especially in preliminary generation of breeding and selection programs.

scholarly journals 301 Bioregulators Affect Apple Yield and Quality Attributes

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 494D-494
Author(s):  
George Ouma ◽  
Frank Matta
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Yields

Experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to investigate the effect of Accel and Carbaryl sprayed 2 weeks postbloom on apple fruit yield and quality and to relate the degree of fruit set reduction to the yield of three apple cultivars (Empire, Jon-A-Red, and Braeburn). The treatments consisted of Accel 25 ppm, Accel 50 ppm, Accel 75 ppm, Carbaryl 0.05%, Carbaryl 0.1%, Carbaryl 0.2%, and an unsprayed control. Trials conducted over the 2 years indicated that Accel and Carbaryl reduced the fruit set of three apple cultivars as shown by the lower number of fruit per limb cross-sectional area on the sprayed trees compared to the unsprayed trees. Most effective concentrations in reducing the fruit set on apples were Accel 50 ppm, Accel 75 ppm, Carbary 0.01%, and Carbaryl 0.2%, with high yields and high fruit rates. Therefore, it was concluded that these are the best concentrations for thinning of apples. Other quality attributes, such as pH, sugar content, and percent fruit red were also increased by the treatments. The treatments did not influence the number of seeds in the fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit length: diameter ratio.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Volatile Compounds and Expression of Related Genes in Fruit from Two Apple Cultivars during Different Developmental Stages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Shuaishuai Feng ◽  
Chengtai Yan ◽  
Tianhao Zhang ◽  
Miaomiao Ji ◽  
Ru Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aroma Compound ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Aromatic volatile compounds are important contributors to fruit quality that vary among different cultivars. Herein, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine changes in volatile compounds and related gene expression patterns in “Ruixue” and “Fuji” apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) during fruit development and maturation. Volatile compounds detected in the fruit of both cultivars exhibited similar trends across different developmental stages. In the early stages of “Ruixue” fruit development (60 days after full bloom), there were fewer volatile compounds, mainly aldehydes (87.0%). During fruit maturation (180 days after full bloom), the types and amounts of volatile compounds increased, mainly including esters (37.6%), and alkenes (23.2%). The total volatile concentration, the types of major volatile compounds, and their relative content in both cultivars varied across different stages. Gene expression analysis indicated that the upregulation of MdLOX, MdAAT2, and MdADH3 was associated with increased aroma compound content, especially esters, during fruit development in both cultivars. Changes in the expression of MdArAT, MdACPD, MdADH3, MdAAT2, and MdLOX may lead to differences in volatile compounds between apple cultivars.

scholarly journals Studies on Fruit Development in Pink and White types of Wax Apple (Syzygium samarangense Merr. & Perry) in Goa, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Priya Devi S ◽  
Shejal A Porob ◽  
Thangam M
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Pronounced Peak

Fruit development studies were taken up in white and pink types of wax apple trees aging twelve years old at Goa, India. The study was initiated with the onset of flowering in November during the year 2018. After tagging the flowers on anthesis, samples were drawn periodically to record parameters like fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length and diameter (upper, middle and lower), quality or biochemical parameters like total acids and sugars. Relative growth rate (RGR) was calculated for all parameters and graphs were generated. In both the types, fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length and diameter increased in a sigmoidal pattern. The quality characters like TSS, total acids and total sugars also showed a sigmoidal pattern of increase whereas the increase in reducing sugars exhibited a double sigmoidal pattern of increase. It was evident from the curves that there was pronounced peak in growth rate between 21 and 28 days after anthesis for fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit length and diameter, in both pink and white types of wax apple.

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