311 Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Tomato Seedlings under Diurnal Temperature Variation of the Root and Shoot

Does heating roots only in the day improve growth and nutrient status of seedlings grown under a day-to-night difference (DIF) in air temperature? To answer this question, tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were grown in early March or April in greenhouses heated to give either a 14 °C DIF or a 5 °C DIF with a 18 °C mean. The roots were in peat-vermiculite medium that was unheated or heated to 21 °C, constantly or only in the day, or only in the night. Growth was faster and there were higher concentrations of elements in leaves under 5 °C compared to 14 °C air DIF. Any root-zone heating increased growth and nutrition compared to no heating. Under both air conditions, the trend in root temperature treatments was constant > day > night. In general, there was no benefit of heating the roots only in the day, compared to constant heating of the root zone, even with a large diurnal variation in temperature of the shoot. The only nutrient to respond differently to root heating under 5 °C compared to 14 °C air DIF was nitrate in leaves. Under a 14 °C air DIF, heating roots in the day resulted in the highest nitrate concentration, whereas constant root heating was optimal under a 5 °C DIF. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.

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Yield of Greenhouse Tomato with Constant or Intermittent Heating of the Root and Shoot

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.607d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 607d-607

Author(s):

M.P.N. Gent ◽

Y.-Z. Ma

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Diurnal Variation ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Root Zone ◽

Constant Heat ◽

Greenhouse Tomato ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Intermittent Heating ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

Constant Heating

Is intermittent heating of the root zone more beneficial than constant heating for production of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), with diurnal variation of air temperature (DIF)? Yields were compared with 14°C day/14°C night or 22°C day/6°C night minimum air temperatures, resulting in 5 and 14°C DIF. The root zone was unheated or was heated to 20°C constantly or for 6 hours in the day, or 6 hours in the night. The greenhouse tomato cultivars Buffalo and Caruso were transplanted in early and late March in 1994 and 1995. Averaged over both years and cultivars, the yield from early March planting with 14°C DIF was greater than with 5°C DIF, 6.6 and 6.1 kg/plant, respectively, due to an increase in weight per fruit and to earlier ripening. Root zone heat increased yield compared to no heat, due to a greater number of fruit. With 5°C DIF, yields with constant and intermittent root zone heat were similar. The yields were 5.4, 6.4, 6.2, and 6.2 kg/plant with none, day, night and constant heat, respectively. With 14°C DIF, there were larger differences in yield, 5.7, 7.0, 6.6, and 7.1 kg/plant with none, day, night and constant root zone heat, respectively. However, interactions between air and root heat regimes were not statistically significant. The yield from late March planting was greater with 14°C than with 5°C DIF, but root zone heat had no effect. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.

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Interaction of multiple VAM fungal species on root colonization, plant growth and nutrient status of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/0167-8809(96)01040-7 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 59 (1-2) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

T Edathil

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

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The effect of grass transpiration on the air temperature

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0469-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miloslav Šír ◽

Miroslav Tesař ◽

Ľubomír Lichner ◽

Henryk Czachor

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Root Zone ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Maximum Intensity ◽

Vegetative Cover ◽

Brown Forest Soil ◽

Large Area ◽

Avenella Flexuosa ◽

Daily Total

AbstractOscillations of the air temperature and tensiometric pressure of the soil water were measured in the experimental slope Tomšovka (Czech Republic, Jizera Mts, 822 m a.s.l.). The brown forest soil (Dystric Cambisols) is covered with Calamagrostis villosa, Avenella flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtilus. Thermometers were placed at a height of 5 and 200 cm above the grassland. The tensiometer was installed in the root zone of grass at a depth of 15 cm. Oscillations in a cloudless day, August 24, 2001, (sunshine duration 12.1 hour/day, daily total of global radiation 22.4 MJ/m2/day, maximum intensity of global radiation 1008 W/m2, transpiration 13.7 MJ/m2/day) were analysed in detail. The oscillations with a period of about 30 to 60 minutes were recorded in the air temperature course taken from 11 am to 5 pm. At the height of 200 cm oscillations ranged from 24 to 28°C. Concurrently, in the depth of 15 cm, the oscillations of tensiometric pressure in the range of −6 to −11 kPa were recorded from 8 am to 4 pm. It was concluded that the oscillations in the air temperature resulted from autonomous and self-regulated oscillations in the intensity of transpiration. It is evident that the 2-m air temperature was significantly influenced by transpiration of plants around the large area. The fact that the air temperature oscillated sharply confirms that the rate of transpiration was synchronized in this area. Vegetative cover thus created a self-regulated superorganism that substantially affected the temperature of the near-ground atmosphere layer.

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Influence of cadmium on antioxidant capacity and four microelement concentrations in tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.01.030 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 1659-1666 ◽

Cited By ~ 176

Author(s):

Jing Dong ◽

Feibo Wu ◽

Guoping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Tomato Seedlings

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The effect of chloride and sulphate application to soil on changes in nutrient content in barley shoot biomass at an early phase of growth

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4035-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Matula

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Barley Plant ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Labile Phosphorus ◽

The Impact

In this study experiments primarily aimed at the needs of specification of an adequate soil reserve of labile sulphur were extended by investigations of the impact on interactions in nutrient uptake by a test barley plant. Vegetation (18-day) experiments under controlled conditions of cultivation were conducted on a diverse set of 48 soils from agricultural lands. Before barley sowing the experimental set of soils was divided into two variants: A – control (with NH4Cl application) and B – response variant [with (NH4)2SO4 application], and a uniform dose of 26 mg N/kg soil was used. After the experiment terminated, concentrations of N, N-NO3–, S, S-SO42–, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn and B were determined. Paired t-test revealed significant differences between the sets of data on variants A and B in barley yield and concentrations of sulphur, sulphate, nitrate, phosphorus and boron in barley plants. Sulphate variant (B) had higher yield of barley, higher concentrations of sulphur, sulphate and boron and lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus compared to variant A. The lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus could not be reasoned by the effect of dilution resulting from the higher barley yield. A substantial decrease in nitrate concentration was related to better utilisation of plant nitrogen after the nutrient status of soil was adjusted with sulphur. Phosphorus concentration in barley adequately corresponded to the soil reserve of labile phosphorus, but only after the phosphorus concentration in barley markedly decreased to the lower level in (sulphate) variant B. Higher concentration of boron in barley could potentially be related to the depression of phosphorus uptake after sulphate application.

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