scholarly journals Yield of Greenhouse Tomato with Constant or Intermittent Heating of the Root and Shoot

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 607d-607
Author(s):  
M.P.N. Gent ◽  
Y.-Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Constant Heating

Is intermittent heating of the root zone more beneficial than constant heating for production of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), with diurnal variation of air temperature (DIF)? Yields were compared with 14°C day/14°C night or 22°C day/6°C night minimum air temperatures, resulting in 5 and 14°C DIF. The root zone was unheated or was heated to 20°C constantly or for 6 hours in the day, or 6 hours in the night. The greenhouse tomato cultivars Buffalo and Caruso were transplanted in early and late March in 1994 and 1995. Averaged over both years and cultivars, the yield from early March planting with 14°C DIF was greater than with 5°C DIF, 6.6 and 6.1 kg/plant, respectively, due to an increase in weight per fruit and to earlier ripening. Root zone heat increased yield compared to no heat, due to a greater number of fruit. With 5°C DIF, yields with constant and intermittent root zone heat were similar. The yields were 5.4, 6.4, 6.2, and 6.2 kg/plant with none, day, night and constant heat, respectively. With 14°C DIF, there were larger differences in yield, 5.7, 7.0, 6.6, and 7.1 kg/plant with none, day, night and constant root zone heat, respectively. However, interactions between air and root heat regimes were not statistically significant. The yield from late March planting was greater with 14°C than with 5°C DIF, but root zone heat had no effect. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.

scholarly journals 311 Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Tomato Seedlings under Diurnal Temperature Variation of the Root and Shoot

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 496C-496
Author(s):  
M.P.N. Gent ◽  
Y.-Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Variation ◽  
Constant Heating

Does heating roots only in the day improve growth and nutrient status of seedlings grown under a day-to-night difference (DIF) in air temperature? To answer this question, tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were grown in early March or April in greenhouses heated to give either a 14 °C DIF or a 5 °C DIF with a 18 °C mean. The roots were in peat-vermiculite medium that was unheated or heated to 21 °C, constantly or only in the day, or only in the night. Growth was faster and there were higher concentrations of elements in leaves under 5 °C compared to 14 °C air DIF. Any root-zone heating increased growth and nutrition compared to no heating. Under both air conditions, the trend in root temperature treatments was constant > day > night. In general, there was no benefit of heating the roots only in the day, compared to constant heating of the root zone, even with a large diurnal variation in temperature of the shoot. The only nutrient to respond differently to root heating under 5 °C compared to 14 °C air DIF was nitrate in leaves. Under a 14 °C air DIF, heating roots in the day resulted in the highest nitrate concentration, whereas constant root heating was optimal under a 5 °C DIF. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREENHOUSE TOMATO WITH CONSTANT OR DIURNAL HEATING OF ROOT AND SHOOT

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189g-190
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent ◽  
Yong-Zhan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Effect On Yield

What is the effect of constant compared to diurnal heating of the shoot and root on growth and yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)? Seedlings were transplanted on 4 or 25 Mar. 1994 into troughs that were not heated or heated to 21C by buried tubing, either constantly or for 12 h during the day or the night. The greenhouses had either 14/14C or 26/6C day/night minimum air temperatures. After 2 weeks, leaves of the 4 Mar. transplants weighed most with constant root heat and least with no heat. Roots weighed more with 14/14C than 26/6C air heat. With 14/14C air heat, only no root heat reduced leaf weight, whereas with 26/6C air heat, leaf weight was in the order: constant > day > night - no heat. After 2 weeks, leaves of the 25 Mar. transplants weighed least with no heat, and other treatments did not differ. Root heating affected yield. By 1 July, the number of fruit and the number and weight of marketable fruit produced from 4 Mar. transplants was in the order: constant heat > day > night > no heat. The 22/6C air heat increased marketable yield because fewer fruit were small, irregular, or had blossom-end rot. Root heat had no effect on yield of 25 Mar. transplants.

scholarly journals Fate of nitrogen-15 in the subsequent growing season of greenhouse tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as influenced by alternate partial root-zone irrigation

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (55) ◽  
pp. 34392-34400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maomao Hou ◽  
Fenglin Zhong ◽  
Qiu Jin ◽  
Enjiang Liu ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Crop Uptake ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation has profound impacts on the crop uptake of residual nitrogen originated from the previous season.

scholarly journals GROWTH RESPONSE OF SNAPDRAGON ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS TO NIGHT AIR TEMPERATURES AND ELEVATED ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160b-1160
Author(s):  
Khin San Wai ◽  
S.E. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Zone Temperature

The response of Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) cultivars (`Tampicoi' and `Rainier White') to night air temperatures (10C and 20C) and elevated root-zone temperature (26C and ambient) was studied. Height of plants grown with a heated root-zone were greater, compared to unheated at both night temperatures for both cultivars. Shoot dry weight of `Tampico' plants was reduced by heated root-zone temperature at 20C night air temperature. Raceme length was greater with heated root-zone temperature compared to unheated at 10C night air temperature. Days to flower were shorter with heated compared to unheated root-zone at both night air temperatures for both cultivars. Stomatal diffusive resistance was greater on plants with unheated compared to heated root-zone temperature at 10C night air temperature for `Rainier White'.

scholarly journals EFFETS DE TROIS TEMPÉRATURES NOCTURNES DE L’AIR SUR LES RENDEMENTS DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE CULTIVÉE EN SOL ET EN NFT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN CHOLETTE ◽  
DANIEL LORD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Air Temperatures

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of low night-air temperatures on the early and total yields of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Carmello’) grown with three stems in NFT and soil, in a greenhouse with small tunnels. Tomato was seeded on 16 Jan. and was grown under three night air temperatures (17, 12, 7 °C) for 2 mo after the sixth leaf had expanded and the first cluster was visible, say from 24 Feb. to 15 Apr. Total and marketable yields were significantly higher in NFT than in soil, but there was no advantage for the early yield. The date at which half the flowers of the first cluster opened was 2 wk earlier for the 17 °C treatment than for the 7 °C treatment, indicating that low night-air temperatures reduce the speed of development. Low night-air temperature significantly reduced the early yield, while the time to half of total yield increased by a factor of 2 wk in NFT and 1 wk in soil. Night air temperatures show large effects on the speed of development of the tomato and the earliness of the marketable yield.Key words: Tomato, greenhouse, night-air temperature, NFT, soil, early and total yields

scholarly journals Yield and Russeting of Greenhouse Tomato as Influenced by Leaf-to-fruit Ratio and Relative Humidity

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique-André Demers ◽  
Martine Dorais ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Very High

Three experiments were conducted in greenhouses 1) to determine the optimal leaf-to-fruit ratio for minimizing the incidence of russeting (miniature cuticle cracks on fruit) while optimizing fruit yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and 2) to investigate the effect of day/night relative humidity (RH) regimens on the development of russeting. Leaf-to-fruit ratio treatments (0.5–2.0) were achieved by varying the number of fruit (two to six fruit) per cluster and the number of leaves (two to four leaves) between clusters. In one experiment, plants were also subjected to either high day/low night or low day/high night RH regimens (low RH, 60% to 70%; high RH, 85% to 95%). Results showed that russeting of greenhouse tomato was mostly influenced by the number of fruit per cluster (total fruit load), and very little by the number of leaves between clusters. In general, decreasing the number of fruit per cluster resulted in a progressive increase in the occurrence of russeting. Furthermore, as the number of fruit per cluster decreased, the percentage of fruit with no russeting and with little russeting decreased whereas the percentage of fruit with the more severe russeting increased (except for the summer). For beefsteak cultivars Trust and Rapsodie grown under southwestern Ontario conditions, the best pruning practices for minimizing russeting and optimizing yield was to prune clusters to three fruit in early spring and late fall, to four fruit during spring and fall, and to five fruit during the summer, with three leaves between clusters all year long. In the current study, no significant effect of day/night RH regimens on fruit russeting was observed. Of the cultivars used, Rz 74/56 was less sensitive to russeting than ‘Trust’, whereas ‘Rapsodie’ was not different from the two other cultivars. However, all three cultivars had a very high incidence of russeting (>65% of fruit affected), and none should be regarded as russeting resistant. Breeding programs and genetic investigations with the objective of developing greenhouse tomato cultivars resistant to russeting are needed.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREENHOUSE TOMATO WITH CONSTANT OR INTERMITTENT HEATING OF THE ROOT AND SHOOT

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 914B-914
Author(s):  
M.P.N. Gent ◽  
Y.Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Marketable Fruit

What is the effect of constant compared to intermittent heating of the shoot and root on growth, nutrient status, and yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)? Seedlings were transplanted early, on 4 Mar. 1994 and 1 Mar. 1995, or late, on 25 Mar. 1994 and 31 Mar. 1995, into troughs of peat-lite mix. The troughs were heated to 21C by buried tubing, either constantly, or for 12 h during the day or the night, or they were not heated. The greenhouses had either 14/14C or 22/6C day/night minimum air temperatures. After 2 weeks, early transplants had the greatest leaf weight with constant root heat and least with no heat. Root weight was greater for 14/14C than 22/6C air heat. With 14/14C air heat, only the no-root heat reduced leaf weight, whereas with 22/6C air heat, root heat ranking was constant > day > night ≈no heat. With late transplants, only the no heat reduced leaf weight. Most nutrient concentrations were less in late than in early transplants. Number of fruit, and number and weight of marketable fruit produced by 1 July from early transplants was affected by root heat; the ranking was constant heat > day > night > no heat. The 22/6C air heat increased marketable yield because of fewer small, irregular and blossom end rot fruit. Root heat had no effect on yield of late transplants.

scholarly journals EFFETS DE LA COMPOSITION DU SUBSTRAT TOURBEUX ET DU VOLUME DES SACS DE CULTURE SUR LA PRODUCTIVITÉ DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROCK OUIMET ◽  
JOSÉE CHARBONNEAU ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
LÉON-ÉTIENNE PARENT ◽  
JACQUES BLAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

A large-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Dombello’) was grown in 12-, 24- and 36-L bags containing three types of peat:perlite substrates (85:15, 70:30 and 55:45, vol:vol). The control consisted of 36-L bags containing peat only. Plant density was three plants per bag, i.e. 3.22 plants m−2. Early and total yields of marketable and nonmarketable fruits were measured. Early yields were higher for plants grown in 12- or 24-L bags as compared to those grown in 36-L bags, although blossom-end rot followed the same trend. Seasonal cumulative yields were not influenced significantly by bag size and substrate composition. Reduced perlite content and bag size increased the incidence of blossom-end rot. The incidence of blossom-end rot and average fruit weight indicate that reduction of root-zone volume and air porosity increased water stress. Greenhouse tomatoes can be grown successfully in smaller bag sizes containing peat substrate amended with more than 15% perlite.Key words: Tomato, peat-lite substrates, root-zone restriction, blossom-end rot, fruit weight, grow bag

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato with Constant or Intermittent Heating of the Root and Shoot

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 882F-882
Author(s):  
M.P.N. Gent ◽  
Y.-Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Marketable Fruit

What is the effect of constant compared to intermittent heating of the shoot and root on growth, nutrient status, and yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)? Seedlings were transplanted on 4 Mar. or 25 Mar. 1994 into troughs heated to 21C by buried tubing, either constantly, or for 12 h during the day or the night, or they were not heated. The greenhouses had either 14/14C or 22/6C day/night minimum air temperatures. After 2 weeks, the 4 Mar. transplants had the greatest leaf weight with constant root heat and least with no heat. Root weight was greater for 14/14 than 22/6 air heat. With 14/14 air heat, only the no root heat reduced leaf weight, whereas with 22/6 air heat, root heat affected leaf weight; the ranking was constant > day > night ≈ no heat. After 2 weeks, the 25 Mar. transplants had least leaf weight with no heat, and other treatments did not differ. Most nutrient concentrations were less in the 25 Mar. compared to the 4 Mar. transplants. The number of fruit, and the number and weight of marketable fruit produced by I July from 4 Mar. transplants was affected by root heat; the ranking was constant heat > day > night > no heat. The 22/6 air heat increased marketable yield, because of fewer small, irregular, and blossom end rot fruit. Root heat had no effect on yield of 25 Mar. transplants. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.

scholarly journals Bench-top Root-zone Heating Hastens Development of Petunia under a Lower Air Temperature

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Madeline W. Olberg ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Bedding Plant

Heating accounts for up to 30% of total operating costs for greenhouse operations in northern latitudes. Growers often lower air temperatures for production to reduce energy costs; however, this causes delays in development even in cold-tolerant crops, such as petunia (Petunia ×hybrida). This delay increases production time and can reduce profitability. Recent studies on low air temperature bedding plant production indicate petunia as a strong potential candidate for using lower air temperatures in combination with bench-top root-zone heating (RZH) to avoid or reduce delays in development. The objectives of this study were to 1) quantify time to flower (TTF) of seven petunia cultivars and two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) when the mean daily air temperature (MDT) was lowered by 5 °C and bench-top RZH was used and 2) determine if a high-quality petunia crop can be produced on RZH. Petunia ‘Sun Spun Burgundy’, ‘Sun Spun Lavender Star’, ‘Sanguna Patio Red’, ‘Potunia Plus Red’, ‘Potunia Plus Purple’, ‘Supertunia Red’, ‘Supertunia Bordeaux’, and two RILs, IA160 and IA349, were grown in a greenhouse with an MDT of 15 °C without RZH or with a RZH set point of 21, 24, or 27 °C. Additionally, a commercial control (CC) was established by growing plants without RZH at an MDT of 20 °C. All plants were grown under a 16-hour photoperiod to provide a daily light integral (DLI) of ≈12 mol·m−2·d−1. Time to flower was shorter at higher RZH set points. For example, TTF of ‘Potunia Plus Red’ was 56, 52, 49, or 47 days for plants grown at an MDT of 15 °C without RZH, or with RZH set points of 21, 24, or 27 °C, respectively. When a RZH set point of 27 °C was employed, TTF of all cultivars and inbred lines, except ‘Potunia Plus Red’ and ‘Sanguna Patio Red’, was similar to plants grown in the CC. Shorter stem length, lower growth index, and smaller shoot dry mass (SDM) at flowering were observed for plants grown under lower air temperatures with RZH, resulting in a more compact and high-quality plant. Producing a compact plant in a shorter time period is beneficial for growers; thus, results suggest that MDT can be lowered to 15 °C for petunia production when a RZH set point of 27 °C is employed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document