scholarly journals 574 Nitrogen, Trunk Scoring, and AVG Treatments Influence Fruit Color and Quality of `Jonagold' Apple

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 495B-495
Author(s):  
James M. Wargo ◽  
Ian Merwin ◽  
Christopher Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Foliar Urea

`Jonagold' apple often has problems of inadequate red blush development at harvest, and loss of firmness and skin “greasiness” after refrigerated storage. During two growing seasons we tested factorial combinations of three preharvest treatments for managing these problems: 1) N fertilization (no applied N, 34 kg N/ha in May, or 1% (w/w) foliar urea sprays in May and June); 2) mid-summer trunk scoring (girdling); and 3) aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) applications 3 weeks prior to harvest. Fruit were harvested at four weekly intervals each year, and evaluated for size, blush, firmness, soluble solids, ethylene, and starch hydrolysis. Nitrogen delayed blush development in 1998, but not 1999, and there was no difference in fruit surface blush coverage between foliar urea and soil applied N. Nitrogen applications increased fruit size, decreased fruit firmness, and increased post-storage flesh breakdown in 1999. Trunk scoring increased blush coverage and intensity both years, and improved market-grade packouts. Blush increase after trunk scoring was not caused by advanced fruit maturity (based on ethylene and starch indices) in either year, although it did increase skin greasiness slightly. AVG treatments delayed maturity and blush development of `Jonagold' by 7 to 10 days both years, relative to untreated fruit. Flesh firmness increased and greasiness decreased in AVG treated fruit harvested on the same dates as controls. However, in AVG fruit harvested at comparable stages of maturity 7 to 10 days later, firmness and greasiness were equivalent to untreated fruit on the previous harvest date. Trunk scoring and no N fertilizer were effective for improving fruit blush coloration, and AVG for delaying harvest maturity.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization, Midsummer Trunk Girdling, and AVG Treatments Affect Maturity and Quality of `Jonagold' Apples

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Wargo ◽  
Ian A. Merwin ◽  
Christopher B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
N Status ◽  
Red Coloration ◽  
Leaf N

`Jonagold' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] often fail to develop adequate red coloration at maturity and become soft and greasy in storage. During two growing seasons, we tested factorial combinations of three preharvest treatments affecting `Jonagold' quality at harvest and after storage: 1) three nitrogen (N) treatments [36 kg·ha-1 soil applied N, 6.9 kg·ha-1 of urea-N (1% w/v) in foliar sprays mid-May and June, or no N fertilizers]; 2) trunk girdling in early August each year; and 3) foliar applications of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, formulated as ReTain) 3 weeks before the first scheduled harvest. Fruit were sampled at four weekly intervals each year and evaluated for maturity and quality at harvest and after storage. Foliar urea and soil-applied N delayed red color development in 1998 but not 1999, increased fruit size in girdled and nonAVG treated trees in both years, and increased greasiness in 1999 only. AVG reduced fruit greasiness after storage both years. Nitrogen uptake was reduced in the dry Summer 1999, but N treatments still increased poststorage flesh breakdown. Mid-summer trunk girdling increased red coloration and intensity both years and improved market-grade packout. This effect was not caused by advanced maturity, although trunk girdling slightly increased skin greasiness. Girdling reduced fruit size only on trees of low N status. The AVG applications delayed maturity and red color development by 7 to 10 days in both years compared with untreated fruit. In 1998, the combination of AVG and N fertilization delayed red color development more than either treatment alone. Fruit softening and greasiness were reduced in AVG-treated fruit harvested at the same time as untreated fruit, but this effect was not observed when AVG treated fruit were harvested at comparable maturity 7 to 10 days later. Trunk girdling and withholding N fertilizer were the best treatments for enhancing red coloration, and foliar N concentrations of ≈2.0% (W/W) resulted in better packouts compared with higher leaf N levels. AVG was an effective tool for delaying fruit maturity and maintaining fruit quality awaiting harvest, but not for improving red coloration of `Jonagold' apples.

scholarly journals Volatile Emissions and Quality of Bagged `Fuji' Apples

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 638f-639
Author(s):  
J.P. Mattheis ◽  
D.A. Buchanan ◽  
J.K. Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Volatile Emissions ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Solids Content

Enclosing apple fruit in bags during development is widely practiced in Japan. Bags create a barrier that reduces damage from insects and fungal pathogens as well as treatments to control these problems. Bags also reduce the incidence of sunburn and change fruit appearance by altering peel pigmentation composition, two features that have prompted northwestern United States producers to bag `Fuji' apples. Fruit maturity and quality of bagged and nonbagged Fuji apples grown in Washington state were evaluated at harvest and after refrigerated storage in air or controlled atmosphere. Bagged fruit had less watercore and lower ethylene production at harvest compared to non-bagged fruit with similar starch ratings. Bagged fruit had lower soluble solids content, titratable acidity and firmness at harvest and during storage. Emission of ester and alcohol volatiles was consistently lower for bagged fruit. Postharvest volatile emissions were negatively correlated with bagging duration during development. Bagged fruit had no incidence of a peel disorder with similarity to delayed sunscald.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Strawberry (Frageria ananasa Dutch) under Different Phosphorus Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husain Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Sajjid ◽  
Sikandar Hayat ◽  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
The University ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

<p><em>Strawberry fruit takes less time for production and is easily multiplied. Fruiting is an exhaustive process and depletes nutrients especially phosphorus as it is highly immobile in the soil. An experiment was conducted in The University of Peshawar, Pakistan to evaluate different level of Phosphorous on growth, yield and fruit quality of Strawberry Cv Chandler. Results show that Phosphorus at 90 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> significantly influenced the days to flowering (102.66) of strawberry plants while, at 80 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> significantly affected days to fruit set (2.98), days to fruit maturity (20.05), Number of fruits (7.50) and Total fruit yield tons ha<sup>-1</sup>(3.61). Fruit size (6.42 cm3) was significantly affected at 70 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. Similarly, Ascorbic acid (62.61), percent acidity (0.64) and Total soluble solids (7.83) were significantly affected by phosphorus at 60 kg ha<sup>-1</sup></em></p>

scholarly journals Harvest Maturity and Storage Affect Quality of `Cripps Pink' (Pink Lady®) Apples

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Drake ◽  
D.C. Elfving ◽  
T.A. Eisele
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Apple Quality

Quality of `Cripps Pink' apples (Malu × domestica) harvested at a starch index of 2 and 4 was evaluated over three crop seasons. Apple quality was evaluated after harvest and after regular atmosphere (RA) and controlled-atmosphere (CA) storage at 1% O2 and 1% CO2, 1% O2 and 3% CO2, and 1% O2 and 5% CO2 (1 year only) at 1 ºC (33 to 34 ºF). Over three seasons, commercially acceptable fruit quality was achieved on either harvest date following both long-term RA and CA storage. Fruit size was not different between apples harvested at a starch index of 2 or 4. Firmness and acids remained at acceptable levels [62 N (14 lb) and ≥0.50%, respectively] in `Cripps Pink' apples regardless of maturity, storage time or storage conditions. Delaying harvest after a starch index of 2 was achieved increased soluble solids concentration (SSC), SSC to TA (titratable acidity) ratio, peel color, malic acid and citric acid concentrations but decreased fructose content. `Cripps Pink' apples responded well to CA storage conditions of 1% O2 with 1% or 3% CO2, but displayed significant firmness loss and greatly increased internal breakdown at 1% O2 and 5% CO2 at 1 ºC.

scholarly journals Effects of Forchlorofenuron (CPPU) treatment on fruit properties in the fruit of common guava

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Zeiynab Sabaghnia ◽  
Fariborz Zaree Nahandi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Guava Fruit

<p>The common guava is a small tree from Myrtacaeae family which is cultivated for its fruits. Researches have explored new methods to promote fruit yields and quality of crops. Application of Forchlorofenuron or CPPU (with Molecular Formula: C12H10CIN3O) improves the fruit size as well as its quality, but there has not been an investigation evaluating its effects on common guava fruit under field conditions. This research was performed to study the effects of different doses of CPPU (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg L-1) on common guava fruit size and quality characteristics under field conditions. Analysis of variance and LSD (least significant differences) mean compression indicated that total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid or vitamin C, fruit firmness, phenolics, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), polygalacturonase, pectin methyl esterase and ethylene were significantly different in most traits and CPPU-40 produced high means. The principal components (PC) analysis explained 95% of the total variation and the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 78% and 17% of the total variation, respectively. According to biplot, CPPU-40 had the highest values for all of the measured traits except DPPH, ethylene and polygalacturonase. The most prominent relations by biplot were a strong positive correlation among phenolics, fruit firmness, total acidity, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid as indicated by the small obtuse angles between their vectors. The measured traits were grouped into two clusters and cutoff point verified via Wilks’ lambda statistics. Cluster I consisted of three traits (ascorbic acid or vitamin C, fruit firmness and ethylene) while cluster II included total soluble solids. Findings of this study suggest that CPPU can be used as an effective growth regulator to improve the size and quality of common guava fruit.</p>

scholarly journals Improving Fruit Quality of Apricot by Means of Preharvest Benzyladenine and Benzyladenine Plus Gibberellin Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-427
Author(s):  
Fatih Ali Canli ◽  
Murat Sahin ◽  
Nurettin Temurtas ◽  
Mustafa Pektas
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Solids Content

Applications that could improve apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruit size and quality would enhance their marketability. In this study, the effects of preharvest benzyladenine (BA) and BA plus gibberellin (GA) applications on fruit quality of ‘Alyanak’ apricot were investigated. BA (50, 100, and 150 ppm) and BA + GA4+7 (12.5, 25, and 50 ppm) were applied at the beginning of pit hardening stage. When fruit reached their maturity, samples were harvested and evaluated in terms of: weight, size, firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, and pH. Fruit treated with BA were significantly heavier and larger than fruit not treated, and there were significant differences in fruit size within the BA-treated fruit. The heaviest and the largest fruit were obtained from 100 to 150 ppm BA concentrations. BA + GA4+7 treatments did not affect fruit size. Application of 100 ppm BA and 25 ppm BA + GA4+7 increased fruit firmness at harvest. SSC, pH, and acidity were unaffected by the applications. The results obtained in this study showed a practical benefit of a single application of BA at the end of pit hardening for improving apricot quality. Fruit treated with the optimum dose of BA (100 ppm) were larger and firmer than untreated fruit.

scholarly journals Fruit quality of ‘Eva’ e ‘Princesa’ apples grown under nitrogen fertigation in semiarid climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
João M. de S. Miranda ◽  
Ítalo H. L. Cavalcante ◽  
Inez V. de M. Oliveira ◽  
Paulo R. C. Lopes ◽  
Joston S. de Assis
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACTThe production of high quality fruits is a necessary factor for the adaptation and production of plant species with economic viability. Thus, an experiment was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013 to evaluate the fruit quality of the ‘Eva’ and ‘Princesa’ apple cultivars as a function of nitrogen fertilization in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4, corresponding to apple cultivars (Eva and Princesa) and nitrogen doses (40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), with four replications and three plants in each plot. The fruit characteristics, such as fruit mass, skin color (luminosity, chromaticity, and colour angle), size (width and length), pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and the SS/TA ratio, were recorded. Nitrogen doses do not affect fruit quality of studied apple cultivars. The fruit quality attributes are different between apple cultivars: fruit firmness, SS/TA ratio, fruit mass and fruit diameter are superior for Princesa cultivar, while the fruit length for Eva cultivar is superior.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Potential of 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatments to Maintain Fruit Quality of the Common Fig (Ficus carica L. cv. ‘Bursa Siyahi’) during Refrigerated Storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okan OZKAYA ◽  
Songül ÇÖMLEKÇIOGLU ◽  
Hatice DEMIRCIOGLU
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
First Year ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Second Year

The fig fruit is a unique, climacteric, highly perishable subject to rapid physiological breakdown. Application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was tested to delay ripening of black fig (Ficus carica L. cv. ‘Bursa Siyahi’) during storage overtwo growing seasons. Fruits were pre-cooled to 1 °C for 6 hours and afterwards treated with 500 or 1000 nl l-1 of 1-MCP for24 hours. Treated fruits were stored for 10 days at 1 °C, 90-95% RH and then evaluated. 1-MCP treatments showed thatethylene production, respiration rate, weight loss and concentrations of glucose, fructose and total soluble solids (TSS) were negatively correlated to the 1-MCP doses during cold storage (with the exception of TSS in the first year of experiment and respiration rate in the second year of the experiment). In contrast, pulp firmness and colour (ho) during cold storage werepositively correlated to the 1-MCP applied doses. Results of this study showed that although 1-methylcyclopropene applications slowed down fruit softening during the 10 days of storage, 1-methylcyclopropene appeared to have a relatively limited effect on slowing ripening of ‘Bursa Siyahi’ figs.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE SUCO DE LARANJA INDUSTRIALIZADO

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
VERA LÚCIA ARROXELAS GALVÃO DE LIMA ◽  
ENAYDE DE ALMEIDA MÉLO ◽  
LUECI DOS SANTOS LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Trade Market

Avaliou-se a qualidade do suco de laranja pasteurizado exposto à comercialização. Amostras refrigeradas e envasadas em embalagens “TetraPak”, coletadas ao acaso, foram adquiridas no mercado varejista da cidade do Recife, durante o período de Setembro/98 a Julho/99. Foram avaliadas 03 marcas comerciais denominadas A, B e C, perfazendo 60 amostras. Para cada marca comercial, as amostras foram adquiridas em duplicata, sendo uma destinada às análises físicoquímicas (vitamina “C”, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais e pH) e a outra ao teste de incubação (35 ºC durante 10 dias). As marcas analisadas atenderam ao padrão de qualidade estabelecido pelo Ministério da Agricultura, exceto a marca C. Esta apresentou em 70% das amostras analisadas, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST) inferior ao padrão e sinais de deterioração durante o teste de incubação em 10% das amostras, evidenciando falhas no processamento térmico. O processamento asséptico associado ao armazenamento sob refrigeração permitiu que todas as amostras das marcas analisadas apresentassem quantidades de vitamina “C” acima do valor mínimo estabelecido pelo Ministério da Agricultura. Abstract The quality of pasteurized orange juice exposed to commercialization was evaluated. Samples, refrigerated and packed in “TetraPak” randomly collected were bought at the retail trade market of Recife, during the period of September/98 to July/99. Three commercial labels named A, B and C were evaluated, making a total of 60 samples. For each commercial label, the samples were acquired in two replicates, one of which was destined to physicochemical analysis (vitamin C, total acidity, total soluble solids and pH) and the other to the incubation test (35 ºC during 10 days). The labels assayed assisted to the established quality pattern of the Ministry of Agriculture, except the C label. This label presented in 70% of the analyzed samples, lower TSS rates than those considered as standard, it also showed signs of deterioration during the incubation test in 10% of the samples, evidencing flaws in the thermal procedure. The aseptic procedure associated to the refrigerated storage allowed all samples of the assayed labels to show vitamin C levels higher than the minimum established by the Ministry of Agriculture.

‘SPC136’ (Suite Note™) sweet cherry

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1555-1558
Author(s):  
Cheryl Hampson ◽  
Richard MacDonald ◽  
Darrell-Lee McKenzie ◽  
Linda Herbert ◽  
Christopher Pagliocchini
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Cherry Blossom ◽  
Solids Content

Hampson, C., MacDonald, R., McKenzie, D.-L., Herbert, L. and Pagliocchini, C. 2014. ‘SPC136’ (Suite Note™) sweet cherry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1555–1558. ‘SPC136’ (Suite Note™) is a new early-season sweet cherry being released for commercial production by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada sweet cherry breeding program at Summerland, BC, Canada. Harvest timing in Summerland (Jul. 09) is similar to that of ‘Bing’ or ‘Van’ but fruit size is much larger (over 12 g). Fruit firmness, soluble solids content and susceptibility to rain splitting resemble those of other cultivars of similar harvest timing, but stem detachment force is higher. The trees are not self-fertile and bloom late in the cherry blossom season.

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