645 Foliar Symptomology and Tissue Concentrations of Nutrient Deficient Ornamental Cabbage Plants

Elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B were induced in `Osaka White' ornamental cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) plants. Seedlings were planted in 4.7-L plastic containers and fertilized with a complete modified Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element that was to be investigated. Plants were harvested for tissue analysis as well as dry weight when initial foliar symptoms were expressed and later under advanced deficiency symptoms. Root architecture was also recorded for the plants treated with the solutions. The containers were replicated three times for each of the two harvests and were randomized in a complete-block design. Deficiency symptoms for all treatments were observed within five weeks. The most dramatic expression of foliar symptoms occurred with N (a purplish tinge on underside of lower foliage leading to necrotic margins on the mature leaves), P (elongated internodes and a purplish tinge on underside of mature leaves), K (compact internodes with chlorotic lower foliage leading to necrotic patches on the leaf margins and blade), Fe (bright yellow upper foliage leading to a bleach white appearance), Ca (complete meristem necrosis with lower foliage becoming chlorotic then necrotic), and B (deformed young leaves and fully expanded leaves becoming thick, leathery, and brittle). The dry weight of plants treated with solutions not containing N, P, Ca, Fe, or B was significantly lower when compared to the control. Foliar tissue concentration data will assist plant tissue analysis laboratories in establishing foliar symptom standards for grower samples.

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NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES OF ALLAMANDA NERIFOLIA

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.511d ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 511D-511

Author(s):

James L. Gibson ◽

Jude Groninger ◽

Sharon Wombles ◽

Kathryn Campbell

Keyword(s):

Stem Cuttings ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Deficiency Symptoms ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Foliar Symptoms ◽

Greenish Yellow ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Nutritional Monitoring ◽

Plastic Containers

Elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, or B were induced in plants of Allamanda nerifolia. Rooted stem cuttings were planted in 4.87-L plastic containers and fertilized with a complete modified Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element that was to be investigated. Plants were harvested to measure dry weights when initial foliar symptoms were expressed and later under advanced deficiency symptoms. Deficiency symptoms for all treatments were observed within 6 weeks. The most dramatic expression of foliar symptoms occurred with N (yellow-green young leaves with necrotic tips), K (downward bending medium-green mature leaves with splotchy chlorosis), S (greenish-yellow young and youngest leaves), and Zn (young leaves with interveinal chlorosis from base to tip). At the initial stage, all nutrient-deficient plants had similar dry weights, when compared to the control. Dry weights of plants treated with solutions not containing N or P were significantly lower when compared to the control under an advanced deficiency. To help prevent the development of deficiencies, minimal critical tissue levels have to be determined for adaptation by the greenhouse industry for nutritional monitoring.

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NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES OF PENTAS LANCEOLATA `BUTTERFLY RED'

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.511c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 511C-511

Author(s):

James L. Gibson ◽

Jude Groninger ◽

Sharon Wombles ◽

Kathryn Campbell

Keyword(s):

Stem Cuttings ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

Deficiency Symptoms ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Foliar Symptoms ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Nutritional Monitoring ◽

Pentas Lanceolata ◽

Plastic Containers

Elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, or B were induced in plants of Pentas lanceolata `Butterfly Red'. Rooted stem cuttings were planted in 4.87-L plastic containers and fertilized with a complete modified Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element that was to be investigated. Plants were harvested to measure dry weights when initial foliar symptoms were expressed and later under advanced deficiency symptoms. Deficiency symptoms for all treatments were observed within 7 weeks. The most dramatic expression of foliar symptoms occurred with N (medium green young leaves with interveinal chlorosis on base and tip), S (spindle-like young and recently mature leaves), Cu (purple-brown roots and young leaves with downward pointed leaf tips), and B (multiple youngest leaves arising from shoot tip). At the initial stage, all nutrient-deficient plants had similar dry weights, when compared to the control. Dry weights of plants treated with solutions not containing P were significantly lower when compared to the control under an advanced deficiency. In order to help prevent the development of deficiencies, minimal critical tissue levels have to be determined for adaptation by the greenhouse industry for nutritional monitoring.

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Some Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms Displayed by Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' under Greenhouse Conditions and Their Subsequent Effects on Leaf Nutrient Content

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v61i4.10409 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 456-464

Author(s):

Saulo J. Rodríguez ◽

Héctor R. Cibes ◽

Jaime González-Ibañez

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Culture Method ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Solution Culture ◽

Deficiency Symptoms ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

White Band ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Necrotic Spots

Thirty well-rooted cuttings of Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' Engler, were grown in 3-gal porcelain crocks using a solution culture method, with differential treatments consisting of solutions deficient in either N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S, Fe, Mn or B. An extra set of plants received a complete nutrient solution for comparison. By the end of the experiment, characteristic deficiency symptoms of only N, P, Ca, and Fe developed as follows: A lack of N induced a reduction in top growth and a pale green foliage. Younger leaves tended to be long and narrow with wavy margins. They also developed black spots along the typical white band near the margin. The root system of such plants was abundant and fibrous. New suckers were weak and few. Phosphorus deficiency was characterized by a rosettelike arrangement of the younger leaves. Necrotic spots like the ones developed under N deficiency were also present. These eventually broke down giving the leaves a ragged appearance. Margin serration occurred in the younger leaves, specially in the basal portions. On the other hand, the mature leaves developed numerous rustlike pustules. New shoots were deep green in color and few in number. Growth of plants lacking Ca was drastically reduced. Young, as well as recently mature leaves, were affected by severe marginal serration. As the deficiency became more acute, numerous brown spots appeared along the margins of older leaves. As they increased in size, they progressed either toward the tips or the mid rib, finally involving the whole lamina. Rustlike pustules similar to those exhibited by the minus-P plants also were present in some of the oldest leaves of plants lacking Ca. New shoots looked weak with blackish leaflets Fe-deficient plants manifested a severe chlorosis, which appeared early in the young leaves. Some of the chlorotic leaves developed necrotic spots along the basal portion. As they increased in size the whole leaf was invaded. The concentration of the particular missing element in the leaf tissues was lower in plants grown with the element withheld than in the controls.

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Agave sisalana (sisal hemp).

10.1079/cpc.3855.20210099915 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽

Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Soil Surface ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fibrous Root ◽

Flower Stalk ◽

Sisal Fibre ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Perianth Segment ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Basal Rosette ◽

Agave Sisalana

Abstract Tropical succulent perennial of 1.5-2 m height, with thick leaves in a basal rosette of elongated sword-shaped leaves from the base. Stems: Two to three years after transplanting, a 20 cm tall stem is formed, which will reach a height of about 1.2 m when flowering. White, fleshy stems develop from underground buds at the base of the plant, first growing sideways and then upwards to form new plants. These new plants are known as suckers (DAFF, 2015). Trunk: The plant base is a short trunk (30-150 cm), from the top of which the spirally arranged leaves grow (DAFF, 2015). The components of the dry weight of sisal fibre are approximately 55-65% α-cellulose, 11-18% hemicelluloses, 7-15% lignin, 1% pectin and 1-8% ash (Elzebroek and Wind, 2008). Leaves: Stiff, heavy, persistent leaves that are 0.6-1.2 m long, 10.2-20.3 cm wide, and 2.5-10.2 cm thick when mature. Leaves are spirally arranged around the trunk, greyish-green in colour and covered by a layer of wax. Leaves contain coarse, cream-coloured or pale-yellow fibres (3%) (DAFF, 2015). Young leaves may have small spines along their margins; they disappear when the plant matures. Leaves have a terminal, dark brown, rigid, very sharp spine, 2-3 cm long. The cross-section at the base of the leaf resembles a flattened triangle (Elzebroek and Wind, 2008). Inflorescences: A large panicle with flowers arranged on the terminal portion in dense clusters, sessile, 4-5 cm long. Perianths with 6 segments, 6 stamens, filaments longer than the perianth segment, 3-4 cm long anthers. Style exserted, stigma 3-lobed (EOL, 2018). It only flowers once at around 2 years. Before flowering, a flower stalk of 4.5-6.0 m develops from the growth point. The flower stalk subdivides to form branches that bear the flowers. The flowers do not produce seed, but form bulbils, which are used for reproduction. Bulbils are borne in the axils of the bracteoles of the inflorescence after flowering. Flowers are yellowish green, with reddish filaments. Roots: A. sisalana has a shallow, fibrous root system up to 60 cm deep. The 2-4 mm thick root arises from leaf scars at the base of the bole beneath the soil surface, and extends up to 5 m horizontally way from the mother plant, forming suckers. These can be used for propagation (DAFF, 2015). Sisal produces subterraneous rhizomes from buds in the axils of the lower leaves. Along the rhizomes there are buds that may grow into new plants, forming colonies. Most of the roots are concentrated in the upper 40 cm of the soil, where they spread horizontally up to 5 m. A number of roots grow deeper than 40 cm, which results in good anchorage (Elzebroek and Wind, 2008). Fruit: This species is monocarpic (i.e., dies after fruiting). Fruits are capsules up to 6 cm long, 2-2.5 cm diameter, stipitate and beaked. Capsules rarely formed, and seeds (if any) are probably not viable. Vegetative bulbils are commonly produced below the flowers in the axils of bracts (Weber, 2003; Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong, 2005).

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(125) Response of Six Begonia Species to Different Substrate pH

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1085c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1085C-1085

Author(s):

Ka Yeon Jeong ◽

Claudio Pasian ◽

David Tay

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Stem Length ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Limited Information ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Substrate Ph ◽

Plastic Containers

Substrate pH of soilless media directly affects nutrient availability. Limited information about the effect of substrate pH on growth of begonia species (not cultivated hybrids) was found in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrate pH on the growth and quality of six begonia species grown from June to Aug. 2004. The targeted pH ranges (<4.5, 4.5∼5.0, 5.0∼5.5, 5.5∼6.0, 6.0∼6.5, 6.5∼7.0, and over 7.0) of the peat-based substrates were obtained by adding seven different amounts of dolomitic hydrated lime: 0, 1.0, 1.3, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, and 2.6 kg·m3. Begonia albopicta, B. cucullata var. cucullata, B. echinosepala var. elongatifolia, B. holtonis, B. fuchsioides (red), and B. fuchsioides (pink), were propagated by stem cuttings, and then transplanted into plastic containers. This experiment was a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete-block design. The pH was monitored weekly using the pour-through method and adjusted accordingly by adding flowable lime or a mild sulfuric acid solution. The pH values were averaged for each treatment of each species. There were significant differences between species in the inflorescence number and SPAD readings, but no interaction between species and substrate pH was found. Stem length, leaf area, and dry weight of each plant were significantly affected by species and substrate pH. B. albopicta performed best at substrate pH of 5.6 and 6.0, showing no symptoms of phytotoxicity. B. cucullata, above substrate pH 6.0, and B. holtonis at pH 5.0 and 5.6 had the highest vegetative growth and plant quality. Plant mortality was observed for B. cucullata and B. fuchsioides (red) at pH below 4.4 and 5.3, respectively.

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THE DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF OXYGEN RELEASE COMPOUND (ORC) IN COMBINATION WITH COMMERCIAL PLANT FERTILIZERS ON BEDDING PLANTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.647c ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 647c-647

Author(s):

Janice M. Smith ◽

Marihelen Kamp-Glass

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tissue Analysis ◽

Oxygen Release ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Flower Number ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Commercial Plant ◽

Randomized Block Design

The effects of ORC and different commercial plant fertilizers on Marigolds, Salvias, and Begonias were determined by height, flower number, fresh weight, dry weight, root length and tissue analysis. The treatments included controls, regular fertigations, and an over fertigation schedule. The experiment was set in a randomized block design with 5 reps per treatment which included 9 ORC and commercial plant fertilizer combinations, 4 commercial plant fertilizers, and controls. The plants with the ORC were more vigorous, had more flowers, and better overall color than the controls.

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(Coriandrum sativum)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.494a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 494a-494

Author(s):

J.P. Morales-Payan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Dominican Republic ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

N Rates ◽

Plastic Containers

Treatment with short-chain alcohols such as methanol and ethanol have been found to stimulate the performance of a number of crops. Container experiments were conducted in the Dominican Republic to determine the effect of methanol and nitrogen (N) treatments on the yield of cilantro (Coriandrum sativum). Plants were individually grown in plastic containers (15 × 15 cm) filled with loamy clay soil (4.3% organic matter) fertilized at planting with 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg N/ha. Methanol was sprayed in aqueous solutions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15 %) when plants reached the three true leaf stage. A randomized complete-block design with a factorial arrangement and five replications was utilized. Cilantro plants were harvested 40 days after emergence and shoot fresh and dry weight were determined. Resulting data was subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. No significant nitrogen and methanol interactions were detected. In the range of rates tested in this study, methanol did not significantly influence cilantro shoot fresh or dry weight. Cilantro yields increased when N rates were increased from 20 to 40 kg per ha, reaching a plateau at higher N rates.

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Translocation of Manganese in Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. Cv. Seaton Park) I. Redistribution During Vegetative Growth

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9840101 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

RO Nable ◽

JF Loneragan

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Manganese Content ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Trifolium Subterraneum ◽

Manganese Deficiency ◽

No Net Loss ◽

Deficiency Symptoms ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Nutrient Solutions

The mobility of manganese from old leaves and cotyledons during vegetative growth has been examined by following manganese content and radioactive manganese redistribution in parts of subterranean clover plants grown into manganese deficiency. In plants transferred from nutrient solutions with 1 �M Mn2+ to solutions without Mn2+, the amount of manganese in the roots decreased markedly. During the same period there was no net loss of manganese from cotyledons and old leaves, although plants developed severe manganese deficiency symptoms in young leaves. Old leaves of plants given an early supply of 54Mn lost no 54Mn when the plants were transferred to non-radioactive solutions without manganese for 14 days. Silicon, which is known to influence the distribution of manganese within leaves of some plants, had no effect on the loss of total manganese or 54Mn from old leaves. Detached green, mature leaves lost 40% of their manganese within 24 h when aerated in water. If leaching by rain removes substantial amounts of manganese from leaves of plants grown in the field, this may account for reports of manganese mobility in plant phloem. The present results establish that manganese is not mobile in the phloem of subterranean clover plants during vegetative growth.

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Sodium Chloride Resistance in Selected Cultivars of Hedera helix

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.3.249 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 249-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David B. Headley ◽

Nina Bassuk ◽

Robert G. Mower

Keyword(s):

Salt Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Hedera Helix ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Chloride Resistance ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Shoot Damage

Two experiments were conducted to determine the relative resistance of 33 selected cultivars of English ivy (Hedera helix L.) to soil- and shoot-applied NaCl. In the soil-applied NaCl experiment, ramets of the 33 cultivars were irrigated with a fertilizer + 0.25-N NaCl solution for 55 days. `Harrison', `Hibernica', `Thorndale', Wilson', and Woerner' exhibited the least amount of visible shoot damage. Dry weights of all cultivars were much lower in the salt treatment. In the shoot-applied NaCl experiment, plants were sprayed daily with a 0.25-n NaCl solution for 48 days. The young leaves and stems of all cultivars were severely injured by the salt spray, while the mature leaves and stems and the dormant buds were only slightly injured. Reduction in dry weight varied between cultivars. Two subsequent experiments focused on resistance to soil-applied NaCl. Ramets of the NaCl-resistant `Harrison', `Hibernica', and `Thorndale', and the NaCl-sensitive `Baltica', `Cathedral Wall', and Wingertsberg' were irrigated with a fertilizer + 0.25-N NaCl solution for 48 days. Whole-plant Cl content for all six cultivars was in the range of 30,000 ppm. Ramets of `Thorndale' and `Cathedral Wall' were irrigated with a fertilizer + 0.25-N NaCl solution for 30 days with replicate plants harvested at S-day intervals. `Cathedral Wall' accumulated more Cl at a faster rate than `Thorndale'. Mean whole-plant Cl concentration peaked at 97,000 ppm for `Cathedral Wall' and 40,000 ppm for `Thorndale'. Salt resistance may be partly based on slower uptake of Cl.

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Karakter Morfologi Daun Ubi Jalar Sebagai Bahan Pangan Suku Dani Distrik Kurulu Jayawijaya

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v2i3.479 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Antonius Suparno ◽

Opalina Logo ◽

Dwiana Wasgito Purnomo

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Leaf Morphology ◽

Food Source ◽

Staple Food ◽

Sweet Potatoes ◽

General Outline ◽

Leaf Vein ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Tuber Roots

Sweet potato serves as a staple food for people in Jayawijaya. Many cultivars of sweet potatoes have been cultivated by Dani tribe in Kurulu as foot for their infant, child and adult as well as feeding especially for pigs. Base on the used of sweet potatoes as food source for infant and child, this study explored 10 different cultivars. As for the leaf morphology, it was indentified that the mature leaves have size around 15 � 18 cm. general outline of the leaf is reniform (40%), 60% have green colour leaf, 50% without leaf lobe, 60% of leaf lobes number is one, 70% of shape of central leaf lobe is toothed. Abazial leaf vein pigmentation have purple (40%), and petiole pigmentation is purple with green near leaf (60%), besides its tuber roots, sweet potatoes are also harvested for its shoots and green young leaves for vegetables.

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