scholarly journals Some Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms Displayed by Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' under Greenhouse Conditions and Their Subsequent Effects on Leaf Nutrient Content

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Saulo J. Rodríguez ◽  
Héctor R. Cibes ◽  
Jaime González-Ibañez
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
White Band ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Necrotic Spots

Thirty well-rooted cuttings of Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' Engler, were grown in 3-gal porcelain crocks using a solution culture method, with differential treatments consisting of solutions deficient in either N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S, Fe, Mn or B. An extra set of plants received a complete nutrient solution for comparison. By the end of the experiment, characteristic deficiency symptoms of only N, P, Ca, and Fe developed as follows: A lack of N induced a reduction in top growth and a pale green foliage. Younger leaves tended to be long and narrow with wavy margins. They also developed black spots along the typical white band near the margin. The root system of such plants was abundant and fibrous. New suckers were weak and few. Phosphorus deficiency was characterized by a rosettelike arrangement of the younger leaves. Necrotic spots like the ones developed under N deficiency were also present. These eventually broke down giving the leaves a ragged appearance. Margin serration occurred in the younger leaves, specially in the basal portions. On the other hand, the mature leaves developed numerous rustlike pustules. New shoots were deep green in color and few in number. Growth of plants lacking Ca was drastically reduced. Young, as well as recently mature leaves, were affected by severe marginal serration. As the deficiency became more acute, numerous brown spots appeared along the margins of older leaves. As they increased in size, they progressed either toward the tips or the mid rib, finally involving the whole lamina. Rustlike pustules similar to those exhibited by the minus-P plants also were present in some of the oldest leaves of plants lacking Ca. New shoots looked weak with blackish leaflets Fe-deficient plants manifested a severe chlorosis, which appeared early in the young leaves. Some of the chlorotic leaves developed necrotic spots along the basal portion. As they increased in size the whole leaf was invaded. The concentration of the particular missing element in the leaf tissues was lower in plants grown with the element withheld than in the controls.

Distribution of magnesium in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in relation to supply

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Supply Current

The objectives of this study were to examine Mg distribution in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), to identify an appropriate tissue for diagnosis of deficiency and to establish minimum tissue concentrations associated with maximum plant growth. Plants were grown in solution culture with both discontinued (40 8M and 160 8M reduced to nil) and constant supply (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 8M Mg). Magnesium was depleted from old leaves when Mg supply to the roots was interrupted. However, deficiency symptoms occurred first on the young tissue under these conditions. Under constant but inadequate supply, initial deficiency symptoms occurred in old tissue. Symptoms in leaves were associated with Mg concentrations in the leaf of < 1046 8g g-1 with constant root supply and 586 8g g-1 when supply was interrupted. At luxury constant supply, concentrations of Mg tended to be higher in the older leaves than in the young leaves; the reverse occurred with inadequate supply. Tissue choice for diagnosis was not critical, but the minimum Mg concentration in tissue commensurate with maximum shoot growth varied from 740 8g g-1 for the unifoliate leaf to 1310 8g g-1 in the youngest open leaf (YOL), when plants were grown under constant Mg supply. Current supply of Mg to roots was reflected more rapidly in the concentrations in young leaf than in old leaf tissue.

scholarly journals NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES OF ALLAMANDA NERIFOLIA

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 511D-511
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Jude Groninger ◽  
Sharon Wombles ◽  
Kathryn Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring ◽  
Plastic Containers

Elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, or B were induced in plants of Allamanda nerifolia. Rooted stem cuttings were planted in 4.87-L plastic containers and fertilized with a complete modified Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element that was to be investigated. Plants were harvested to measure dry weights when initial foliar symptoms were expressed and later under advanced deficiency symptoms. Deficiency symptoms for all treatments were observed within 6 weeks. The most dramatic expression of foliar symptoms occurred with N (yellow-green young leaves with necrotic tips), K (downward bending medium-green mature leaves with splotchy chlorosis), S (greenish-yellow young and youngest leaves), and Zn (young leaves with interveinal chlorosis from base to tip). At the initial stage, all nutrient-deficient plants had similar dry weights, when compared to the control. Dry weights of plants treated with solutions not containing N or P were significantly lower when compared to the control under an advanced deficiency. To help prevent the development of deficiencies, minimal critical tissue levels have to be determined for adaptation by the greenhouse industry for nutritional monitoring.

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiency in crisphead lettuce grown in hydroponics

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro L Petrazzini ◽  
Guilherme A Souza ◽  
Cléber L Rodas ◽  
Eduardo B Emrich ◽  
Janice G Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Lettuce Cultivar

The identification of nutrient deficiency symptoms in lettuce helps both producers and technical staff to keep the plant nutritional balance in their producing areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate production and describe and record the visual symptoms caused by the isolated or combined shortage of K, Ca, B and Zn in crisphead lettuce grown in hydroponics. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with four replications and eight treatments, representing the single (K, Ca, B, Zn) and combined (Ca and B, K and Zn, B and Zn) omission of nutrients, with a control treatment containing a complete nutrient solution. We used the crisphead lettuce cultivar Rider Plus. Under Ca shortage, plant growth was reduced and chlorosis appeared in the borders of young leaves. K shortage was the most detrimental to production of shoot fresh and dry matter and root dry matter. Where B was absent, plant growth was limited, the apical dominance was lost and leaves became wrinkled. Plants without Zn showed mild chlorosis in the blade of young leaves, elongation and bending of petioles and reduction in root density. The combined omission of Ca and B slowed down plant growth and induced necrosis at the borders of young leaves, while the combined omission of K and Zn initially induced K deficiency symptoms with reduced growth. When B and Zn were simultaneously subtracted, plants first showed B deficiency symptoms: reduction in plant size as compared to the control treatment and death of the apical bud.

scholarly journals 645 Foliar Symptomology and Tissue Concentrations of Nutrient Deficient Ornamental Cabbage Plants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 508E-509
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Brian E. Whipker ◽  
Dharmalingam S. Pitchay ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
C. Ray Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Plastic Containers

Elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B were induced in `Osaka White' ornamental cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) plants. Seedlings were planted in 4.7-L plastic containers and fertilized with a complete modified Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element that was to be investigated. Plants were harvested for tissue analysis as well as dry weight when initial foliar symptoms were expressed and later under advanced deficiency symptoms. Root architecture was also recorded for the plants treated with the solutions. The containers were replicated three times for each of the two harvests and were randomized in a complete-block design. Deficiency symptoms for all treatments were observed within five weeks. The most dramatic expression of foliar symptoms occurred with N (a purplish tinge on underside of lower foliage leading to necrotic margins on the mature leaves), P (elongated internodes and a purplish tinge on underside of mature leaves), K (compact internodes with chlorotic lower foliage leading to necrotic patches on the leaf margins and blade), Fe (bright yellow upper foliage leading to a bleach white appearance), Ca (complete meristem necrosis with lower foliage becoming chlorotic then necrotic), and B (deformed young leaves and fully expanded leaves becoming thick, leathery, and brittle). The dry weight of plants treated with solutions not containing N, P, Ca, Fe, or B was significantly lower when compared to the control. Foliar tissue concentration data will assist plant tissue analysis laboratories in establishing foliar symptom standards for grower samples.

scholarly journals NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES OF PENTAS LANCEOLATA `BUTTERFLY RED'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 511C-511
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Jude Groninger ◽  
Sharon Wombles ◽  
Kathryn Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring ◽  
Pentas Lanceolata ◽  
Plastic Containers

Elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, or B were induced in plants of Pentas lanceolata `Butterfly Red'. Rooted stem cuttings were planted in 4.87-L plastic containers and fertilized with a complete modified Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element that was to be investigated. Plants were harvested to measure dry weights when initial foliar symptoms were expressed and later under advanced deficiency symptoms. Deficiency symptoms for all treatments were observed within 7 weeks. The most dramatic expression of foliar symptoms occurred with N (medium green young leaves with interveinal chlorosis on base and tip), S (spindle-like young and recently mature leaves), Cu (purple-brown roots and young leaves with downward pointed leaf tips), and B (multiple youngest leaves arising from shoot tip). At the initial stage, all nutrient-deficient plants had similar dry weights, when compared to the control. Dry weights of plants treated with solutions not containing P were significantly lower when compared to the control under an advanced deficiency. In order to help prevent the development of deficiencies, minimal critical tissue levels have to be determined for adaptation by the greenhouse industry for nutritional monitoring.

Translocation of Manganese in Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. Cv. Seaton Park) I. Redistribution During Vegetative Growth

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
RO Nable ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
No Net Loss ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The mobility of manganese from old leaves and cotyledons during vegetative growth has been examined by following manganese content and radioactive manganese redistribution in parts of subterranean clover plants grown into manganese deficiency. In plants transferred from nutrient solutions with 1 �M Mn2+ to solutions without Mn2+, the amount of manganese in the roots decreased markedly. During the same period there was no net loss of manganese from cotyledons and old leaves, although plants developed severe manganese deficiency symptoms in young leaves. Old leaves of plants given an early supply of 54Mn lost no 54Mn when the plants were transferred to non-radioactive solutions without manganese for 14 days. Silicon, which is known to influence the distribution of manganese within leaves of some plants, had no effect on the loss of total manganese or 54Mn from old leaves. Detached green, mature leaves lost 40% of their manganese within 24 h when aerated in water. If leaching by rain removes substantial amounts of manganese from leaves of plants grown in the field, this may account for reports of manganese mobility in plant phloem. The present results establish that manganese is not mobile in the phloem of subterranean clover plants during vegetative growth.

Karakter Morfologi Daun Ubi Jalar Sebagai Bahan Pangan Suku Dani Distrik Kurulu Jayawijaya

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Suparno ◽  
Opalina Logo ◽  
Dwiana Wasgito Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Tuber Roots

Sweet potato serves as a staple food for people in Jayawijaya. Many cultivars of sweet potatoes have been cultivated by Dani tribe in Kurulu as foot for their infant, child and adult as well as feeding especially for pigs. Base on the used of sweet potatoes as food source for infant and child, this study explored 10 different cultivars. As for the leaf morphology, it was indentified that the mature leaves have size around 15 � 18 cm. general outline of the leaf is reniform (40%), 60% have green colour leaf, 50% without leaf lobe, 60% of leaf lobes number is one, 70% of shape of central leaf lobe is toothed. Abazial leaf vein pigmentation have purple (40%), and petiole pigmentation is purple with green near leaf (60%), besides its tuber roots, sweet potatoes are also harvested for its shoots and green young leaves for vegetables.

scholarly journals The role of JrPPOs in the browning of walnut explants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugang Zhao ◽  
Hongxia Wang ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Linqing Li ◽  
Jinbing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract Background Tissue culture is an effective method for the rapid breeding of seedlings and improving production efficiency, but explant browning is a key limiting factor of walnut tissue culture. Specifically, the polymerization of PPO-derived quinones that cause explant browning of walnut is not well understood. This study investigated explants of ‘Zanmei’ walnut shoot apices cultured in agar (A) or vermiculite (V) media, and the survival percentage, changes in phenolic content, POD and PPO activity, and JrPPO expression in explants were studied to determine the role of PPO in the browning of walnut explants. Results The results showed that the V media greatly reduced the death rate of explants, and 89.9 and 38.7% of the explants cultured in V media and A media survived, respectively. Compared with that of explants at 0 h, the PPO of explants cultured in A was highly active throughout the culture, but activity in those cultured in V remained low. The phenolic level of explants cultured in A increased significantly at 72 h but subsequently declined, and the content in the explants cultured in V increased to a high level only at 144 h. The POD in explants cultured in V showed high activity that did not cause browning. Gene expression assays showed that the expression of JrPPO1 was downregulated in explants cultured in both A and V. However, the expression of JrPPO2 was upregulated in explants cultured in A throughout the culture and upregulated in V at 144 h. JrPPO expression analyses in different tissues showed that JrPPO1 was highly expressed in stems, young leaves, mature leaves, catkins, pistils, and hulls, and JrPPO2 was highly expressed in mature leaves and pistils. Moreover, browning assays showed that both explants in A and leaf tissue exhibited high JrPPO2 activity. Conclusion The rapid increase in phenolic content caused the browning and death of explants. V media delayed the rapid accumulation of phenolic compounds in walnut explants in the short term, which significantly decreased explants mortality. The results suggest that JrPPO2 plays a key role in the oxidation of phenols in explants after branch injury.

scholarly journals Meteorological conditions, ozone concentration and leaf age affect gas exchange in Psidium guajava ‛Palumaʼ

Hoehnea ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Moreno Pina ◽  
Sérgio Tadeu Meirelles ◽  
Regina Maria de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the importance of leaf age, meteorological conditions and ozone concentration (O3) on gas exchange of Psidium guajava ‛Paluma'. Saplings were grown and exposed in standard conditions in the city of São Paulo, in six periods of three months with weekly measurements in young and mature leaves. Gas exchanges were higher in young leaves for almost the entire experiment. Mature leaves showed greater reduction in gas exchange. The multivariate analysis of biotic and abiotic variables indicated that vapor pressure deficit (VPD), O3 concentration and radiation were the main variables associated with gas exchange decrease in young leaves. In mature leaves the influence of VPD is lower, but the temperature importance is higher. Moreover, the opposition between assimilation and O3 is more evident in mature leaves, indicating their greater sensitivity to O3.

Leaf—Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms

1984 ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Janice Glimn-Lacy ◽  
Peter B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms
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