scholarly journals Characterization of Postharvest Disorders and the Effect of Shipping on Shelf Life of 22 Vegetative Annual Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 835D-836
Author(s):  
Shannon E. Beach* ◽  
Terri W. Starman
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Greenhouse Culture ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Greenhouse Growers

Vegetative annuals are increasing in popularity among greenhouse growers and consumers but little is known about their postharvest shelf life. Twenty-two cultivars from ten species of vegetative annuals were grown to marketability with optimum greenhouse culture. Plants were then subjected to one of three shipping durations (0, 1, or 2 days) in simulated shipping i.e., a growth chamber at 26.7 ± 0.3 °C, 0 μmol·m-2·s-1, and 50% relative humidity. The plants were then moved to simulated postharvest environment i.e., growth room at 21.1 ± 1.3 °C and 6 μmol·m-2·s-1 to evaluate shelf life. Flower number and plant quality rating were measured weekly in addition to observations of plant appearances. Some of the postharvest disorders noted on several species and cultivars were stem die back, leaf chlorosis, stem elongation, bud abortion, flower drop, and flower fading. The majority of the cultivars maintained their quality one-week postharvest although flower drop was common. After the first week of shelf life, decline in vegetative and reproductive tissues were noted in most plants. Cultivars from nine species: Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip, Bracteantha bracteata (Vent.) Anderb. & Haegi, Calibrachoa hybrid Lave Lex, Diascia ×hybrida, Lantana camara L., Nemesia ×hybrida, Petunia ×hybrida, Sutera hybrida, and Sutera cordata showed decreased flower number and/or quality rating due to shipping duration, with increased shipping duration causing accelerated postharvest disorders. The only species unaffected by shipping duration was Angelonia angustifolia Benth.

scholarly journals Shipping and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Effects on Shelf Life of Diascia ×hybrida

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 824C-824
Author(s):  
Shannon E. Beach* ◽  
Terri W. Starman
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Quality Rating

Diascia ×hybrida (diascia) is a cool season vegetative annual produced in 6 weeks in an 11.4-cm pot under greenhouse production. Early experiments noted that during simulated shipping in a growth chamber at 26.7 ± 0.3 °C, 0 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF and 50% RH, diascia flowers abscised. To test the effect of 1-MCP on retention of flowers during shipping, three hundred diascia plants were grown under temperature set points of 24°/18 °C day/night in a glass greenhouse. Three harvests of 42 plants each were made as plants became marketable i.e., open flowers on six racemes. The treatments were factorial with three shipping durations (0, 1, or 2 days) and two 1-MCP (1-Methylcyclopropene, Ethylboc, Floralife, Waterboro, S.C.) treatments (0 mg·L-1 and the commercially recommended application rate) and seven plants per treatment. Plants were boxed and sealed under 4-mL clear plastic tarps with duct tape and then treated with 1-MCP gas or water for 4 hours before moving to the growth room (19 °C, 10 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF) for 2 weeks. They remained in the boxes for the duration of simulated shipping treatments. Flower number, racemes with open flowers and a quality rating were given when removed from the shipping boxes. For plants in the first and second harvests, 1-MCP significantly reduced flower and raceme abscission 1 week after shipping regardless of shipping duration; this was not seen in the third harvest. Two weeks post shipment there was no difference in flower numbers between 1-MCP treated and untreated plants. With two exceptions, no differences among measured variables occurred due to shipping duration.

scholarly journals Reduced End-of-production Fertilization Rate Increased Postproduction Shelf Life of Containerized Vegetative Annuals

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Shannon E. Beach ◽  
Terri W. Starman ◽  
Kristen L. Eixmann ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
Kevin M. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Interior Environment

Twenty-one cultivars of vegetative annuals were treated with 0%, 50%, or 100% of the production fertilization rate of 300 mg·L−1 N starting 2 weeks before and continuing until harvest. At harvest, plant width, flower number, and quality rating were measured. The plants were then placed in a simulated interior environment where flower number was counted and quality rating was assigned to each plant weekly for 3 weeks. Overall, 14% of the cultivars maintained a marketable quality (i.e., quality rating of ≥3.0 of 5) for 3 weeks, 43% for 2 weeks, 38% for 1 week, and one cultivar did not maintain quality during the postharvest evaluation. Reduced end-of-production fertilization rate (EPFR) resulted in higher quality ratings for at least one additional week of simulated shelf life for three cultivars, including ‘Dreamtime Copper’ bracteantha (Bracteantha bracteata), ‘Vanilla Sachet’ nemesia (Nemesia ×hybrida), and ‘Bridal Showers’ sutera (Sutera hybrida). ‘Comet White’ and ‘Sunlight’ argyranthemum (Argyranthemum frutescens) retained flowers an additional 2 weeks and ‘Caritas Lavender’ angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia), ‘Dreamtime Copper’ bracteantha, ‘Liricashowers Deep Blue Imp.’ and ‘Starlette Trailing Purple’ calibrachoa (Calibrachoa hybrid), ‘Vanilla Sachet’ nemesia, ‘Cascadias Pink’ petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), and ‘Bridal Showers’ sutera retained flowers an additional 1 week when treated with 0% compared with 50% or 100% EPFR. Four cultivars had decreased plant width at harvest with 0% EPFR. These results indicate that reducing fertilization 2 weeks before harvest can prolong shelf life of some vegetative annuals. Differences in the length of shelf life and responses to reduced EPFR occurred among cultivars of all the affected species. Reduced EPFR did not increase the shelf life of two species, including diascia (Diascia ×hybrida) and lantana (Lantana camara).

scholarly journals Postharvest Decline Symptoms after Simulated Shipping and During Shelf Life of 21 Cultivars of Vegetative Annuals

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri W. Starman ◽  
Shannon E. Beach ◽  
Kristen L. Eixmann
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Retail Environment ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Flower Abscission

Twenty-one cultivars from nine species of vegetative annuals were grown under optimum greenhouse production practices until maturity. At harvest, they were subjected to 0, 1, or 2 days of simulated shipping. After shipping, plants were rated for quality, and flower abscission was counted postship and weekly for 3 weeks in a simulated retail environment. There were few decreases in flower number and quality directly postship, but decline symptoms became evident as time lapsed in the postharvest environment. Flower abscission resulting from increased shipping duration occurred on ‘Sun Chimes Coral’ diascia (Diascia ×hybrida) and ‘Aromatica White’ nemesia (Nemesia ×hybrida). During the postharvest evaluation, ‘Dreamtime Copper’ bracteantha (Bracteantha bracteata), ‘Superbells Trailing Blue’ calibrachoa (Calibrachoa hybrid), ‘Aromatica White’ nemesia, and ‘Candy Floss Blue’ sutera (Sutera cordata) were the only cultivars to abscise all flowers (<0.4 flowers) by the end of the first week. Five cultivars still had flowers at termination of the experiment. Of these five, four were bracteantha cultivars including ‘Florabella White’, ‘Florabella Gold’, ‘Dreamtime Cream’, and ‘Sundaze Golden Yellow’, and ‘Cascadias Pink’ petunia. After 2 weeks postharvest, 12 of the 21 cultivars that were shipped 1 or 2 days did not have a high enough quality rating (<3.0 points) to be considered marketable. Each species in this study had one or two postharvest decline symptoms common to all cultivars of that species. However, cultivars within species also varied in their postharvest decline symptoms and longevity. More optimum environmental conditions, better care, and faster turnover in the retail market are needed to improve shelf life of vegetative annuals sold in containers.

scholarly journals End-of-Day Lighting Effects on Herbaceous Perennials Grown Under Night Interrupted Lighting Outdoors in the Southern United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
James C. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Almost All

A study was conducted in 2004 to determine if end-of-day lighting (EOD) alone or in combination with night-interrupted lighting (NIL) could be used to suppress stem elongation of ‘Goldsturm’ coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton ‘Goldsturm’), ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata L. ‘Moonbeam’) and ‘Early Sunrise’ coreopsis (Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet. ‘Early Sunrise’) when grown outdoors under nursery conditions in the southern U.S. without negating the benefits of earlier flowering from NIL. End-of-day lighting, NIL, and the combination of the two treatments accelerated time to flowering of all three cultivars compared to that of plants under a natural photoperiod (NP); however, rudbeckia flowered quicker when exposed to NIL or NIL + EOD than when grown under EOD only. Height of rudbeckia grown under EOD or NIL was greater than that of plants grown under NP, whereas ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis exposed to EOD, NIL or EOD + NIL were similar in height and taller than plants grown under NP. Height of ‘Early Sunrise’ coreopsis was minimally affected by treatments, except that plants under EOD were shorter than those under EOD + NIL. Growth index, flower number, shoot length and quality rating were similar in almost all cases for plants of the three cultivars when grown under EOD lighting, NIL, or EOD + NIL. These results indicate EOD was ineffective in suppressing height growth and provided no benefit, either alone or in combination with NIL, over NIL alone in the accelerated production of these cultivars outdoors under nursery conditions.

scholarly journals Petunia vein banding virus: Characterization of a New Tymovirus from Petunia × hybrida

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. V. Alexandre ◽  
L. M. L. Duarte ◽  
E. B. Rivas ◽  
C. M. Chagas ◽  
M. M. Barradas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Identity ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Andean Potato ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Nicandra Physalodes

Petunia plants from a nursery in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, showed pronounced vein banding and contained isometric particles with diameters of approximately 45 and 30 nm. The larger ones apparently represent a caulimovirus, while the smaller ones, which included both empty shells and full particles, were identified as those of a new tymovirus for which we propose the name Petunia vein banding virus (PetVBV). Originally, PetVBV was transmitted only with difficulty to healthy petunia plants. However, from an experimentally infected petu-nia, it was later readily transmitted also to Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicandra physalodes, but not to other species in the Solanaceae or other plant families. It produces cytopathic effects typical for tymovirus infections. Its coat protein shows approximately 65% amino acid sequence identity with those of Eggplant mosaic and Andean potato latent viruses, to which it is also serologically more closely related than to any other tymoviruses.

scholarly journals An integrated chemical and technological approach for assessing Portuguese wheat flours quality and lengthening bread shelf-life

2019 ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Fernando Cebola Lidon ◽  
Diana Daccak ◽  
Paula Scotti-Campos ◽  
Maria Manuela Silva ◽  
Ana Sofia Bagulho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Technological Approach ◽  
Industrial Level

The current trend of large-scale bread production is to facilitate processing at an industrial level, considering the use of flour mixtures with different chemical and technological parameters and incorporating food additives. Accordingly, costs can be minimized, whereas the quality and the shelf-life of the final product might increase, but a full characterization of the flours that must be used and the selection of the food additives to be incorporated into the dough is required. In this context, three Portuguese wheat flour varieties were evaluated (FariRamos, Nacional and AJMiranda), as well as two types of food additives with the aim to increase bread shelf-life. In these flours, the levels of K, S, P, Ca and Cl prevailed, but the moisture and ash contents of FariRamos were the highest and lowest, respectively. The colour of all flours was generally within the desired standard values. Nacional flour contained a higher fat content, but all the flours showed a higher relative abundance of linoleic acid (C18:2), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1). AJMiranda flour revealed a higher content of wet gluten and protein, but the SDS sedimentation index showed a higher value in the FariRamos flour. The fall index, which directly monitors the activity of the α-amylase enzyme, showed a lower value in AJMiranda and Nacional. Through farinograph and alveographyc analysis it was found that FariRamos has a tenacious gluten, but AJMiranda and Nacional had a balanced gluten, yet all of them can be classified as medium flours. Bread making with a mix of FariRamos, AJMiranda and Nacional flours and incorporating preservative food additives revealed the highest shelf-life (11-days) with methyl p-hydroxybenzoate [0.05 %] and benzoic acid [0.1 %], but the colour of the breads showed a relationship of intensity of white colour that depended on the additive used. At the end of the shelf-life, molds of the Eurotium, Trichoderma and Cladosporium genera developed in the bread. It was concluded that the chemical and technological approach applied in the characterization of the flour varieties, can be directly used to define the quality and shelf-life in the bakery industry, allowing the establishment of minimum commercialization prices.

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DENDROBIUM AND ONCIDIUM DFR IN PETUNIA HYBRIDA MODEL

2007 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
K. Obsuwan ◽  
D.A. Hieber ◽  
R.G. Mudalige-Jayawickrama ◽  
A.R. Kuehnle
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Functional Characterization
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