Yield and Fruiting Characteristics of 28 Selections in the Kentucky Pawpaw Cultivar Trial

The pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] has great potential as a new fruit crop. A pawpaw variety trial was established in Fall 1995 in Princeton, Ky. as a joint Kentucky State Univ.-Univ. of Kentucky research effort with the objective to identify superior varieties for Kentucky. A randomized block experimental design was used with 8 replicates of 28 grafted scion selections on seedling rootstock. Cultivars being tested included Middletown, Mitchell, NC-1, Overleese, PA-Golden, Rappahannock, Shenandoah, Sunflower, Susquehanna, Taylor, Tay-two, Wells, and Wilson. The other 15 clones were selections from the PawPaw Foundation. In 2002 and 2003, the following parameters were examined: tree survival, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), average fruit weight, total fruit harvested per tree, average fruit per cluster, total yield per tree, and yield efficiency. In 2003, 54% of the trees had survived, with `Susquehanna' (13%) showing the poorest survival. Based on TCSA, most selections displayed excellent vigor, with the exception of the selections: 5-5 and `Overleese'. Average fruit weight was greatest in 1-7-2 (194 g), 1-68 (167g), 4-2 (321 g), 5-5 (225 g), 7-90 (166g), 9-58 (176 g), 10-35 (167 g), NC-1 (180 g), `Sunflower' (204 g), and `Shenandoah' (168g), with the smallest fruit in `Middletown' (70 g), `Wells' (78 g), and `Wilson' (88 g). The selections `Wilson' (81), `Middletown' (75), and `Wells' (70) had the greatest average number of fruit per tree, whereas 4-2 (9), 5-5 (17) and 8-20 (15) the fewest. Yield efficiency and average fruit per cluster also varied greatly among selections. Several pawpaw selections in the trial show promise for production in Kentucky.

Download Full-text

Influence of Five Clonal Rootstocks on the Growth, Productivity and Fruit Quality of ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ Sweet Cherry Trees

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research ◽

10.2478/v10290-012-0010-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 5-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mirosław Sitarek ◽

Barbara Bartosiewicz

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Tree Vigour ◽

Gisela 5 ◽

Cherry Trees

Abstract In the field experiment, 8-year-old ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ sweet cherry trees grafted on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘GiSelA 5’, ‘Piku 4’and ‘Weiroot 72’ clonal rootstocks were compared with trees of the same cultivars on the standard rootstock F 12/1. The data collected included tree vigour (expressed as trunk cross-sectional area − TCSA), yield, and fruit weight as well as content of soluble solids in fruit.Based on TCSA, the largest ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ trees were on ‘F12/1’, and the smallest were on ‘GiSelA 3’. The results revealed that all of the tested rootstocks being compared to ‘F 12/1’, significantly reduced the growth of sweet cherry trees.‘Sylvia’ trees on ‘GiSelA 5’ and ‘Piku 4’ yielded more than those on ‘F12/1’. The highest cumulative yields of ‘Karina’ were harvested from trees on ‘GiSelA 5’. ‘Karina’ trees on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘Piku 4’ and ‘Weiroot 72’ performed comparably in cumulative yields to those on ‘F12/1’. Rootstock effects on yield efficiency were consistent between the two cultivars, with the most yield efficient trees on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘GiSelA 5’ and ‘Weiroot 72’, and the least efficient trees on ‘F12/1’.Trees of both cultivars grafted on ‘GiSelA 3’ produced significantly smaller fruits than those grafted on ‘F 12/1’. The rest of the rootstocks, tested in terms of an effect on fruit weight (with the exception of ‘Karina’ on ‘Weiroot 72’), had a similar value to ‘F 12/1’. Effects of rootstock on content of soluble solids in fruit were modest and statistically insignificant.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of several less known pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars in the climatic conditions of Lower Silesia

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2012.033 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 157-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ireneusz Sosna ◽

Daria Kortylewska

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Total Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

The Other ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Pyrus Communis L ◽

Lower Silesia

The aim of this study was to evaluate flowering, yielding, fruit quality, and growth of several less known pear cultivars growing in the climatic conditions of Lower Silesia. The experiment was conducted in the years 2006–2010 in the Fruit Experimental Station located in Samotwór near Wrocław. In spring 2006, trees of several less known pear cultivars were planted: 'Isolda', 'Hortensia', 'Fertilia Delbard Delwilmor', 'Wyżnica', 'Nojabrskaja' ('Xenia®'), 'Uta', 'David' on Caucasian pear (Pyrus caucasica Fed.), 'Bohemica' on quince S1 (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) as well as 'Morava' and 'Blanka' on both these rootstocks. The highest total yield in the years 2007–2010 was recorded for the 'Nojabrskaja' and 'Wyżnica' cultivars. The 'Blanka' cultivar produced the largest fruit, while fruits of the 'Isolda' cultivar were significantly the smallest. The largest growth and cross-sectional area of the trunk were recorded for the trees of the 'Wyżnica' cultivar, while the smallest were observed in the case of 'Morava', in which the thickness of the trunk was similar on both rootstocks. The 'Morava' cultivar grafted on quince S1 formed the smallest crowns. On the other hand, 'Isolda' and 'Hortensia' were among the cultivars that produced the largest crowns.

Download Full-text

A Statistical Model to Estimate Potential Yields in Peach before Bloom

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.128.3.0297 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 128 (3) ◽

pp. 297-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Carlos Miranda Jiménez ◽

J. Bernardo Royo Díaz

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Crop Density

Spring frosts are usual in many of Spain's fruit-growing areas, so it is common to insure crops against frost damage. After a frost, crop loss must be evaluated, by comparing what crop is left with the amount that would have been obtained under normal conditions. Potential crop must be evaluated quickly through the use of measurements obtainable at the beginning of the tree's growth cycle. During the years 1997 through 1999 and in 86 commercial plots of peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], the following measurements were obtained: trunk cross-sectional area (TCA, cm2), trunk cross sectional area per hectare (TCA/ha), estimated total shoot length per trunk cross-sectional area (SLT, shoot m/cm2 TCA), crop density (CD, amount of fruit/cm2 TCA), fruit weight (FW, g), yield efficiency (YE, kg of fruit/cm2 TCA), yield per tree (Y, kg fruit/tree) and days between full bloom and harvest (BHP, days). CD and average FW were related to the rest of the variables through the use of multiple regression models. The models which provided the best fit were CD = SLT - TCA/ha and FW = SLT + BHP - CD. These models were significant, consistent, and appropriate for all three years. The models' predictive ability was evaluated for 32 different plots in 2001 and 2002. Statistical analysis showed the models to be valid for the forecast of orchards' potential yield efficiency, so that they represent a useful tool for early crop prediction and evaluation of losses due to late frosts.

Download Full-text

Growth and productivity characteristics of Japanese plum cultivars

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1702133m ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

Dragan Milatovic ◽

Dejan Djurovic ◽

Gordan Zec

Keyword(s):

Fruit Set ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

High Yield ◽

Tree Trunk ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Japanese Plum

Growth and productivity characteristics including: initial and final fruit set, yield per tree, trunk cross-sectional area, yield efficiency and fruit weight were studied in ten cultivars of Japanese plums in the Belgrade area for the period of three years (2013-2015). Initial fruit set ranged from 5.6 to 44.4%, and the final fruit set from 2.6 to 23.36%. The high yield per tree (over 10 kg) was obtained in cultivars ?Obilnaja? and ?Morettini 355?, whereas the low yield (under 5 kg) was obtained in cultivars ?Strival?, ?Black Amber?, ?Early Angeleno? and ?Autumn Giant?. The lowest vigor was observed in the cultivar ?Golden Plum?, and the highest in the cultivar ?Strival?. The majority of cultivars had a very large fruit (over 50 g). The yield was strongly positively correlated with initial and final fruit set (r = 0.84**; r = 0.92**, respectively). Fruit weight was moderately negatively correlated with initial and final fruit set (r = -0.67*; r = -0.63*, respectively).

Download Full-text

Yield efficiency for nine apple cultivars grafted on two rootstocks

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141754 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 1701-1706 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

João Caetano Fioravanço ◽

Ana Beatriz Costa Czermainski ◽

Paulo Ricardo Dias de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Apple Tree ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

The Other ◽

High Yield ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

The Third ◽

Apple Cultivars

ABSTRACT: Currently, using smaller trees is one of the most important trends in apple cultivation. It is expected that reduced size plants produce lower amount of fruit, but with high yield and yield efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield efficiency (YE) of nine apple tree cultivars, grafted on two rootstocks, from the second to the seventh year after planting. The YE indexes oscillated from one to the other year, regardless of rootstock. Correlations between YE and yield per tree and between YE and trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) confirmed that efficiency can be increased by the production increment or by the plant's vigor reduction. The usefulness of cumulative YE (ƩYE) is highlighted to compare apple tree cultivars after the third year of production. The highest ƩYE indexes were observed for 'Royal Gala' and 'Baigent', on M-9 rootstock, and for 'Gala Real' and 'Maxi-Gala', on Marubakaido/M-9 rootstock.

Download Full-text

059 Performance of `Guardian' Peach Rootstock Selections in Alabama

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.451c ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 451C-451

Author(s):

Robert C. Ebel ◽

Bryan Wilkins ◽

David Himelrick ◽

Tom Beckman ◽

Andy Nyczepir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Nematode Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spring Frost ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Tree Survival ◽

Late Spring Frost ◽

Peach Rootstocks ◽

Ring Nematode

Twelve peach rootstocks including `Lovell', `Nemaguard', `Flordaguard', `14DR51', five `Guardian' (BY520-9) selections, and three BY520-8 selections, were evaluated under field conditions to determine their effect on performance of `Cresthaven' peach. The trees were planted in 1994. Trunk cross-sectional area of BY520-8 selections SL1923 and SL4028 was 28% larger than the rest of the rootstocks, which were similar. There was no crop in 1996 due to late spring frost. Yield in 1997 and 1998 was higher for SL1923 because of higher cropload than the rest of the rootstocks, which were similar. Yield efficiency varied across years and rootstocks. Fruit weight varied among rootstocks but all were commercially acceptable. Harvest date was advanced by two days for some rootstocks compared to Lovell and none were delayed. Percent red blush, soluble solids and firmness varied among rootstocks, but none demonstrated superior quality in all of these parameters as compared to Lovell. Ring nematode population densities were above the threshhold considered to be critical for onset of PTSL for all rootstocks in 1997 and 1998. Tree survival was at or above 86% for all rootstocks and death was not correlated with ring nematode density No trees developed symptoms characteristic of Peach Tree Short Life disease complex. Guardian selections performed adequately compared to the commonly used commercial rootstocks in this study, however, the yield date are from 2 years only.

Download Full-text

The Management of Sod Proximity Increases Peach Productivity

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.843b ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 843B-843

Author(s):

D.M. Glenn ◽

W.V. Welker

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Total Yield ◽

Peach Tree ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Supplemental Irrigation ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Peach Trees ◽

Leaf N

Mature peach trees were grown in six different-sized vegetation-free areas (VFA) (0.36 to 13 m2) with and without stage-III drip irrigation for 6 years. As the VFA increased, so did the trunk cross-sectional area, total yield/tree, large fruit yield/tree, and pruning weight/tree. The application of supplemental irrigation increased yield of large fruit and leaf N percentage in all VFAs. Winter hardiness was not affected by either size of the VFA or irrigation. The yield efficiency of total fruit and large fruit decreased, however, with the increasing size of VFAs. The smaller VFAs resulted in smaller, more-efficient trees. Managing the size of the VFA was an effective, low-cost approach to controlling peach tree size and, when combined with irrigated, high-density production, offers a potential for increased productivity.

Download Full-text

THE INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCKS ON THE GROWTH, LONGEVITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.6.623 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 623H-623

Author(s):

George M. Greene ◽

Alvan G. Gaus

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Tree Size ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Main Experiment ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

P 16

The influence of rootstocks on the growth and productivity of `Starkspur Supreme Pagnelli Delicious' was determined in an NC-140 experiment started in 1984. The planting was supplemental to the main experiment and it contained Ottawa (Ott) 3, M.20, and Arnold Lynd (AL) 800, but did not contain Budagovsky (Bud) 490, Bud 9, Antonovka 313, or C6. Trees that apparently would not stand were given support. Data on tree size and yield were collected every year. As expected, many characteristics were strongly influenced by rootstock. Yield efficiency calculated as the total fruit weight per square cm of trunk cross-sectional area was used as a measure of production efficiency. In 1989, efficient producers of fruit (all in decreasing order) were Poland (P) 2, EMLA.26, P 16, and Michigan Apple Clone (MAC) 39. Intermediate in productivity were M.20, Cornell-Geneva (CG) 10, Pl, and AL 800. A lower efficiency group of rootstocks were EMLA.7, Ott 3, MAC 1, Seedling, M.4, P 18, and CG 24. `Golden Delicious' and `McIntosh' on EMLA.26, used as pollinizers, were ranked second and third in yield efficiency.

Download Full-text

Prunus Rootstock Affect Long-term Orchard Performance of `Redhaven' Peach on Brookston Clay Loam

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.3.167 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 167-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Richard E.C. Layne

Keyword(s):

Cold Hardiness ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Tree Survival

Performance of `Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] propagated on nine experimental Prunus rootstock was evaluated over 8 years beginning in 1984, in a randomized complete-block experiment with 10 replications on a Brookston clay loam soil type near Harrow, Ont. This experiment was part of an interregional NC-140 peach rootstock experiment. Significant rootstock-induced effects were noted for increase in trunk cross-sectional area, cumulative tree height and spread, cumulative number of root suckers, yield, average fruit weight, yield efficiency, winter injury, cold hardiness, and tree survival. None of the clonally propagated rootstock gave satisfactory overall performance. All trees on GF655-2, 80% on GF677, 60% Self-rooted, and 50% on GF1869 were dead by the eighth year. In addition, suckering was a major problem on GF1869 and a moderate problem on GF655-2. `Citation' induced the most scion dwarfing but had the lowest yields and low yield efficiency. When yield, yield efficiency, fruit size, and tree mortality were considered together, the four peach seedling rootstock performed better than the other Prunus rootstocks and were ranked as follows: Siberian C, Halford, Bailey, and Lovell. Of these, the first three could be recommended with the most confidence to commercial growers who grow peaches on fine-textured soils in northern regions.

Download Full-text

Tree and Fruit Growth of `Napoleon' Cherry in Response to Rootstock and Planting Method

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.2.176 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 176-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anita N. Miller ◽

Porter B. Lombard ◽

Melvin N. Westwood ◽

Robert L. Stebbins

Keyword(s):

Fruit Weight ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Canopy Volume ◽

Tree Holes ◽

Planting Method

`Napoleon' grafted onto Colt, F/12-1, and MxM60 rootstock were planted into three types of tree holes: augered; backhoed, and backhoed plus fumigation. The auger treatment resulted in lower yields, smaller trunk cross-sectional area (TSCA), and smaller canopy volume when compared to backhoed holes. Fumigation had no significant effect. Trees on Colt rootstock were more precocious, had a smaller TCSA and canopy volume, greater cumulative yield efficiency, and, in 1987, the smallest fruit weight. The yield efficiency of Colt was the highest until 1988, when it was surpassed by MxM60, but was still similar to F/12-l. Yields were highest on trees of MxM60 in 1987 and 1988.

Download Full-text