scholarly journals (374) Fertilization of Southern Highbush Blueberries on Pine Bark Beds

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059B-1059
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
E. Paul Miller
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Bearing `Misty' and `Star' southern highbush blueberries were grown on pine bark beds and fertilized at three rates using granular and liquid fertilizers with a 3–1–2 (1N–0.83K–0.88P) ratio. Granular fertilizer was applied 8 times per year at 4-week intervals beginning in April and continuing through October. Liquid fertilizer was applied with low volume irrigation 16 times per year at 2-week intervals during the same period. During the growing season, irrigation was applied at 2- to 3-day intervals in the absence of rain. A 2 cultivar × 2 fertilizer type × 3 fertilizer rate factorial arrangement of treatments was replicated 8 times in a randomized complete-block design. All fruits were harvested from single-plant plots at 3- to 4-day intervals. Canopy volume was not affected by fertilizer type, but fruit yield was slightly greater for granular than for liquid fertilizer treatments. In 2003, fruit yield of 2.5-year-old `Misty' and `Star' plants increased with increasing fertilizer rates up to the highest rate tested (50 g N/plant/year). Similarly, in 2004, fruit yields increased with increasing fertilizer rates up to the highest rate (81 g N/plant/year). Root distribution was limited to the 12-cm-deep layer of pine bark with very few roots penetrating into the underlying soil. The positive growth responses of blueberry plants to high fertilizer rates in pine bark beds suggests that soluble fertilizer was leached through the pine bark layer into the soil below the root zone. More frequent, lighter applications of soluble fertilizers, use of slow-release or controlled-release fertilizers, and careful irrigation management may improve fertilizer use efficiency of blueberry plantings on pine bark beds.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilizer Rate and Form on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Southern Highbush Blueberry in Pine Bark Culture

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
E.P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Southern Highbush

Growth and yield of ‘Misty’ and ‘Star’ southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum hybrid) plants that were grown in pine bark culture were evaluated under several rates of granular or liquid fertilizers. Granular fertilizer resulted in larger canopy volumes and slightly greater annual fruit yield than liquid fertilizer. In 2003 and 2004, canopy growth increased linearly as fertilizer rate increased up to the highest rate tested [81 g nitrogen (N), 11.8 g phosphorus (P), and 44.6 g potassium (K) per plant per year]. Similarly, a positive relationship was found for fruit yield and fertilizer rate during all 3 years. Berry yield was positively correlated with canopy size, and there was no relationship between fertilizer rate and berry yield per canopy volume, indicating that yield and canopy volume increased proportionally with increased fertilizer rate. Mean ‘Star’ berry weight was greater for granular fertilizer treatments than for liquid fertilizer treatments, but mean berry weight of ‘Misty’ was unaffected by fertilizer form. At the end of the experiment, visual examination of eight plants excavated by hand indicated that root systems of blueberry plants were primarily located in the pine bark layer with very few roots penetrating into the underlying soil. Limited water and nutrient holding capacities of pine bark, coupled with frequent irrigations to the shallow root systems in pine bark culture, probably resulted in considerable nutrient leaching and a high fertilizer requirement.

scholarly journals Physiological and Growth Responses to Irrigation of a Newly Established Hedgerow Olive Orchard

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gomez-del-Campo
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Olive Orchard ◽  
The Third ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Second Year

Olive production in the first few years after planting depends on how the canopy covers the hedgerow and develops flowers. Therefore, optimum irrigation management should look for the minimum amount of water required for maximum growth and bud initiation. The response of a young hedgerow olive orchard to different irrigation strategies was recorded for 3 years after planting in 2003. Observations included stem water potential (Ψstem), leaf conductance (gl), shoot and trunk growth, canopy development, and flowering. During the first year, olives received 74 mm of irrigation. During the second and third years, three irrigation treatments (T2, T3, and T4) were scaled back from a control (T1) that was irrigated to maintain soil close to water-holding capacity. T1 received 56 and 106 mm of irrigation in the second and third years, respectively. Treatments T2, T3, and T4 received 82%, 64%, and 46% of the water applied to T1 in the second year and 76%, 72%, and 29% in the third year of growth, respectively. Trees in T1 displayed different physiological and growth behaviors between years. Ψstem, gl, and shoot growth were 131%, 31%, and 56% lower in the third than in the second year, respectively. Irrigation treatment had no significant effect on evaluated parameters in the second year, except on Ψstem in T4 that fell below that of the other treatments in late September. In the third year, shoot growth, trunk diameter, and leaf area density in T4 decreased 52%, 13%, and 31% compared with T1, respectively. Nevertheless, external surface area and canopy volume were not significantly affected by irrigation treatment. The start of flowering, recorded in the third and fourth years, was not significantly affected by the irrigation received in previous years. Because water stress did not advance flowering, maximum growth should be the main objective in irrigation management of young olive orchards. No differences were observed between T3 and T1 in any of the vegetative, canopy development, or inflorescence parameters recorded, although Ψstem and gl were significantly lower in T3. During the second and third years, T3 can be considered the most efficient irrigation treatment with 36 and 76 mm of irrigation for each year, respectively.

scholarly journals Impacts of Vaccinium arboreum Rootstocks on Vegetative Growth and Yield in Two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Deanna C. Bayo ◽  
Philip F. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Pine Bark ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Vaccinium Arboreum ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Scorch

Vaccinium arboreum Marsh is a small tree adapted to low-organic matter soils and is one of the few ericaceous species that tolerates soil pH greater than 6.0. It has a deep root system and is more drought tolerant than cultivated blueberry. The use of V. arboreum as a rootstock for commercial blueberry production has been studied previously in young blueberry plantings. The objective of the current study was to expand on earlier work and evaluate growth, productivity, and tolerance to bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella fastidiosa) in established plantings of own-rooted vs. grafted southern highbush blueberry (SHB). Two field plantings of grafted and own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’ and ‘Farthing’ SHB were established in May 2011: one at the University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF-IFAS) Plant Science Research and Education Unit in Citra, FL, and the other at a commercial blueberry farm in Archer, FL. At both sites, four rootstock–scion combinations were grown in either pine bark-amended or nonamended soil. Canopy volume was greater in grafted compared with own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’ at both locations throughout the 4 years of the study (2015–18), whereas canopy volume in ‘Farthing’ was not consistently different. For both cultivars and both locations, canopy volume was greater on amended compared with nonamended soil. Although canopy growth was not consistently increased in the grafted compared with own-rooted plants, yield was greater in grafted plants of both cultivars at both locations. Cumulative yield over the 4 years was similar between grafted plants grown on both amended and nonamended soil, and was significantly greater than yield of own-rooted plants on nonamended soil, suggesting the use of this rootstock may decrease the requirement for pine bark amendment. In general, grafted plants produced larger berries, with no negative impacts on fruit soluble solids, titratable acidity, or firmness. ‘Meadowlark’—an SHB cultivar that exhibits high sensitivity to bacterial leaf scorch—displayed decreased development of bacterial leaf scorch symptoms when grafted onto V. arboreum compared with own-rooted plants. These results indicate the potential benefits of grafting SHB onto V. arboreum rootstock, particularly under marginal soil conditions. However, a complete economic analysis that also takes into account any differences in longevity between the two systems must be done to determine whether the benefits of using grafting are feasible financially for the grower.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilizer Rate on Growth and Fruiting of Containerized Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Wilber ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Stem Blight ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The effects of fertilizer rate and composition on growth and fruiting of ‘Misty’ and ‘Star’ southern highbush blueberry were evaluated in a containerized production system using pine bark medium. Two fertilizer analyses (12N–1.8P–46.6K and 12N–5.2P–9.9K) and three fertilizer rates were used. Plant growth and fruiting were unaffected by fertilizer analysis. Growth and fruit yield of ‘Star’ increased linearly with increasing fertilizer rate. For ‘Misty’, plant growth and yield were reduced at the highest fertilizer rate as a result of a high incidence of blueberry stem blight associated with that treatment. Flower bud density was highest for the ‘Misty’ plants receiving the high fertilizer rate and this may have resulted in excessive fruit set leading to stress-induced blueberry stem blight. Optimum fertilizer rates for young southern highbush blueberry plants grown in containerized pine bark systems appear to be cultivar-specific and similar to fertilizer requirements in soil culture.

scholarly journals Growth responses of potted chrysanthemum “Armita Agrihorti” variety at various concentration of bio-urine liquid fertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Yuniarti ◽  
Rika Meilasari ◽  
Firmansyah Aznur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Number Of Branches

Nutrients are needed to increase crop production. Liquid fertilizer (bio-urine), which macro elements, easily absorbed by plants and quickly shows results with optimum concentration, is one of the organic fertilizers that can be used as a trigger for the growth of potted chrysanthemums. The aim of this study to determine the optimum concentration of bio-urine in potted chrysanthemum cultivation. This research was conducted from October to December 2020 at West Sumatera AIAT’s greenhouse on altitude of 1000 m above sea level, was designed with a Randomized Complete Block Design and five replications. Observed consist of five concentrations of bio-urine, namely (1) 200 ml L-1 of water, (2) 100 ml L-1 of water, (3) 66.67 ml L-1 of water, (4) 50 ml L-1 and (5) 40 ml L-1 of water. Parameters observed were plant height, number and length of internodes, number of branches, stem diameter, flower initiation, number and diameter of flowers, and petiole length. The result shows that Bio-urine with a concentration of 100 ml L-1 of water produces potted chrysanthemum with optimum parameters of plant height, number of internodes, number of branches, stem diameter, number of flowers, flower diameter, and petiole length.

scholarly journals Severity and Timing of Mechanical Rejuvenation Pruning Affects Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 663f-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
R.L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Gall Midge ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Fruit Harvest

Mature `Sharpblue' southern highbush and `Beckyblue' rabbiteye blueberry plants were mechanically pruned at two heights on three dates after fruit harvest during the 1994 growing season. No pruning had occurred for at least 3 years (`Sharpblue') or 5 years (`Beckyblue') before initiating experiment. Pruning heights were 45 and 85 cm and nonpruned for `Sharpblue' and 45 and 95 cm and nonpruned for `Beckyblue'. Pruning dates were 3, 6, and 9 weeks after peak harvest for each cultivar. Regrowth was measured in Mar. 1995 before initiation of spring growth. Pruning `Sharpblue' bushes to 45 cm increased new shoot number and mean and total shoot length but decreased fruit yield compared to the 90-cm pruning treatment. No difference in yield occurred between the 90-cm pruning treatment and the nonpruned control. As time between fruit harvest and pruning increased, new shoot number, mean and total shoot length, plant height, canopy volume, and fruit yield decreased. There was no difference in yield between the earliest pruning treatment and the control. For `Beckyblue', mean and total shoot length of regrowth and flower bud density decreased with increasing time from harvest to pruning. Yield data for `Beckyblue' were not collected in 1995 because of gall midge infestation.

scholarly journals Sweet Orange Orchard Architecture Design, Fertilizer, and Irrigation Management Strategies under Huanglongbing-endemic Conditions in the Indian River Citrus District

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2028-2036
Author(s):  
Rhuanito S. Ferrarezi ◽  
Arun D. Jani ◽  
H. Thomas James ◽  
Cristina Gil ◽  
Mark A. Ritenour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Standard Tree ◽  
High Tree Density

The prevalence of Huanglongbing (HLB) in Florida has forced growers to search for new management strategies to optimize fruit yield in young orchards and enable earlier economic returns given the likelihood of HLB-induced yield reductions during later years. There has been considerable interest in modifying orchard architecture design and fertilizer and irrigation management practices as strategies for increasing profitability. Our objectives were to evaluate how different combinations of horticultural practices including tree density, fertilization methods, and irrigation systems affect growth, foliar nutrient content, fruit yield, and fruit quality of young ‘Valencia’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees during the early years of production under HLB-endemic conditions. The study was conducted in Fort Pierce, FL, from 2014 to 2020 on a 1- to 7-year-old orchard and evaluated the following treatments: standard tree density (358 trees/ha) and controlled-release fertilizer with microsprinkler irrigation (STD_dry_MS), high tree density (955 trees/ha) with fertigation and microsprinkler irrigation (HDS_fert_MS), and high tree density with fertigation and double-line drip irrigation (HDS_fert_DD). Annual foliar nutrient concentrations were usually within or higher than the recommended ranges throughout the study, with a tendency for decreases in several nutrients over time regardless of treatment, suggesting all fertilization strategies adequately met the tree nutrient demand. During fruit-bearing years, canopy volume, on a per-tree basis, was higher under STD_dry_MS (6.2–7.2 m3) than HDS_fert_MS (4.3–5.3 m3) or HDS_fert_DD (4.9–5.9 m3); however, high tree density resulted in greater canopy volume on an area basis, which explained the 86% to 300% increase in fruit yield per ha that resulted in moving from standard to high tree density. Although fruit yields per ha were generally greatest under HDS_fert_MS and HDS_fert_DD, they were lower than the 10-year Florida state average (26.5 Mg·ha−1) for standard tree density orchards, possibly due to the HLB incidence and the rootstock chosen. Although tree growth parameters and foliar nutrient concentrations varied in response to treatments, management practices that included high tree density and fertigation irrespective of irrigation systems produced the highest fruit yields and highest yield of solids. Soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) were lower, and the SSC-to-TA ratio was highest under STD_dry_MS in 2016–17, with no treatment effects on quality parameters detected in other years. Both drip and microsprinkler fertigation methods sufficiently met tree nutrient demand at high tree density, but additional research is needed to determine optimal fertilization rates and better rootstock cultivars in young high-density sweet orange orchards under HLB-endemic conditions in the Indian River Citrus District.

scholarly journals Pine Pole and Post Peelings Have Potential as Blueberry Growing Media and Soil Amendment

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 562D-562c
Author(s):  
Gerard Krewer ◽  
John Ruter ◽  
D. Scott NeSmith ◽  
James Clark ◽  
Tony Otts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Fence Post ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush

Growing southern highbush blueberries in milled pine bark beds ≈15 cm deep has become a popular fruit production system in Georgia and Florida. One of the primary limiting economic factors in this system is the cost of the growing media, which can exceed $10,000 U.S. per ha. In an effort to discover low-cost substitutes for milled pine bark, available waste or low-cost organic materials were screened for there suitability as growing media for southern highbush blueberries. Cotton gin waste, pecan shells, hardwood “flume” dirt, milled composted urban yard waste, composted urban tree trimmings, pine telephone pole peelings, and pine fence post peelings were evaluated. Only pine derived materials had a suitable pH (<5.3). Fresh pine telephone pole peelings (≈25% bark to 75% elongated fibers of cambial wood) and pine fence post peelings (≈75% bark to 25% elongated fibers of cambial wood) were evaluated for several seasons in containers and field trials. The growth index of blueberries in these materials was slightly less or equal to milled pine bark. Surprisingly, nitrogen deficiency was slight or not a problem. The results indicate that pine pole and post peelings may offer an excellent, low-cost substitute for milled pine bark for blueberry production.

scholarly journals Harnessing potential yield of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari by adopting efficient system of planting under Lucknow condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lal ◽  
D. Mishra ◽  
P. Barman
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
The Impact

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of planting systems on tree canopy volume and fruit yield in mango cv. Dashehari under Lucknow condition. The treatments were comprised of five planting systems viz., square system (100 plants ha-1), hedgerow system (166 plants ha-1), double hedgerow system (222 plants ha-1), cluster system (178 plants ha-1) and paired row system (133 plants ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. The pooled data from the year 2004-05 to 2012-13 indicated that, vegetative growth in terms of tree canopy volume was found higher under hedge row and double hedge row system of planting. Maximum cumulative fruit yield and also mean yield were obtained in double hedge row system of planting (55.72 and 6.19 t ha-1, respectively).

scholarly journals Effect of NPK fertilizer on fruit yield and yield components of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Linn.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (58) ◽  
pp. 7755-7771
Author(s):  
FM Oloyede ◽  
◽  
GO Agbaje ◽  
IO Obisesan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Linn.) is a vegetable crop often grown without fertilizer by peasant farmers in Nigeria. With the increased pressure on land resources for other competing uses, farmers have adopted the use of fertilizers to boost crop productivity. This study was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the influence of NPK fertilizer on fruit yield and fruit yield parameters of pumpkin. The experiment was carried out under open field conditions in 2010 for two seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The farm is located on latitude 07°28’N and longitude 04°33’E about 244-m above sea level. NPK 15:15:15 compound fertilizer was applied as ring/side dressing at the rates of (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg/ha). The experiment was a randomized complete block design and was replicated six times. Each plot size was10 m X 12 m and consisted of 7 rows. Alley was 3 m, while the plants were spaced 2 m x 2 m. Data were taken on yield and yield parameters such as: fruit height, fruit circumference, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry matter, fruit yield, seed number and seed weight. The fresh fruit yield was 21 t/ha and 7t//ha for early and late seasons, respectively. Fruits number/ha significantly (p=0.05) increased from 7000 in control to over 10,000/ha at fertilizer rates between 100 and 250 kg NPK/ha. Fruit weight also increased from 9 to 17t/ha between control and higher fertilizer rates. Seed yield from the application at 100 to 250 kg/ha were similar and significantly better than control and 50 kg/ha NPK application. Mean seed yield between 100-250 kg NPK was 460 kg/ha. The value was 37% higher than at 50 kg NPK and 57% higher than in control. Increasing fertilizer above 100 kg NPK/ha did not significantly (p=0.05) increase the fruit yield nor the seed yield.

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