scholarly journals The 'Maffei 15' Lima Bean Compensates for Reduced Plant Stand

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024-2025
Author(s):  
Wallace G. Pill ◽  
Thomas A. Evans ◽  
Michael W. Olszewski ◽  
Robert P. Mulrooney ◽  
Walter E. Kee
Keyword(s):  
Lima Bean ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Considerable Loss

'Maffei 15' baby lima bean seeds were sown every 6 cm in rows 76 cm apart to yield a nominal stand of 215,000 plants/ha at two locations in Delaware over 2 years. Seedlings were thinned within 2 weeks of planting to provide 0%, 16.7%, 33.3%, and 50.0% stand reduction at two in-row spacing patterns to determine subsequent effects on vegetative and reproductive growth. Shoot fresh weight per square meter was decreased only in 2003 by 21% and bean fresh weight per square meter was decreased only in 2004 by 13.8% when plant stand decreased to 50%. This disproportional vegetative and reproductive growth response to stand reduction resulted from a compensatory linear increase in shoot fresh weight, usable pod number, and bean fresh weight of individual plants. Thus, 'Maffei 15' lima bean tolerates a considerable loss of plant stand with little or no effect on yield.

scholarly journals Potassium Fertigation to Enhance the Performance of Hypoxis hemerocallidea

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patience Seyram Akakpo ◽  
Moosa Mahmood Sedibe ◽  
Bello Zaid ◽  
Zenzile P. Khetsha ◽  
Mokgaputsiwa P. Theka-Kutumela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Metabolite Content ◽  
Positive Effect

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient in plant metabolism, ionic balance, and stress resistance. In this study, the effects of K on agronomic attributes and on mineral and primary metabolite content in African potato were determined. K was administered hydroponically at four concentrations (4.00, 6.00, 8.00, and 10.00 meq·L−1) using Steiner’s universal nutrient solution. Chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf area (LA), fresh corm mass (FCM), number of roots (NR), root fresh weight (RFM), and root dry mass (RDM) were measured 18, 32, and 40 weeks after transplanting. Mineral analysis data were collected at 18 weeks, and primary metabolite data were collected at 32 weeks. Significant effects of K were observed after 18 weeks, and all test concentrations had a positive effect on yield. Calcium and boron significantly accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K. Alanine and malic acid were the only metabolites affected by K concentrations. More minerals accumulated in the corm at 4.00 meq·L−1 K, whereas at 10.00 meq·L−1 K, more minerals clustered in the leaf. K applied at 4.00 meq·L−1 is recommended when growing African potato using a nutrient solution to improve corm mineral and metabolite accumulation.

scholarly journals Effects of Brassinosteroid on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth in Two Day-neutral Strawberries

1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narongchai Pipattanawong ◽  
Nobuaki Fujishige ◽  
Kenji Yamane ◽  
Ryosuke Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Heritability of Metribuzin Tolerance in Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Alfred Jones ◽  
Philip D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Twenty-two sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.] clones with a wide range in metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] tolerance were used to establish narrow sense heritability estimates (h2) using a greenhouse procedure. The heritability estimates were obtained from simple linear regressions (h2= 2b) of injury rating, shoot fresh weight, and change in shoot fresh weight of offspring against the same responses of parents at metribuzin concentrations of 0, 0.3, and 0.6 ppm in the potting medium and averaged data for the two concentrations. These values ranged from 0.85 to 1.0, indicating that a recurrent mass selection process should be an appropriate approach to developing metribuzin-tolerant cultivars. Several highly tolerant clones were identified.

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar response to boron deficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Shelp ◽  
R. Penner ◽  
Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Percent Decline

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar, Commander, characterized by low susceptibility to the hollow stem disorder commonly associated with boron (B) deficiency was compared to one with high susceptibility (cv. Stolto) and to two which are grown commercially (cvs. Baccus and Premium Crop). Beginning 3 wk after germination plants grown in a glasshouse in vermiculite were supplied continuously with a nutrient solution containing adequate B (0.5 mg L−1) or none (deficient), or were supplied initially with 0.5 mg B L−1 up to the initiation of inflorescence development after which no B was supplied. All cultivars showed visible symptoms of B deficiency (leaf midrib cracking, stem corkiness, necrotic lesions and hollowing in the stem pith) and reductions in shoot fresh weight with the zero B treatment, but Commander was least affected. Also, the B concentrations of the florets from Commander were highest and showed the lowest percent decline relative to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment. When B was removed from the nutrient solution at initiation of inflorescence development, the B concentrations of the florets and young leaves of all cultivars were higher than in the zero B treatment. Compared to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment, the B concentrations of old leaves from all cultivars were reduced, but only in Premium Crop was the floret B significantly decreased.Key words: Boron nutrition, Brassica, broccoli, nutrient deficiency, retranslocation

Environment influences sugarbeet tolerance to S-metolachlor

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Lueck ◽  
Thomas J. Peters ◽  
Alexa L. Lystad
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight

AbstractHerbicides used in sugarbeet are commonly adapted from other row crops and may cause injury and yield loss often associated with environmental and edaphic factors. Glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in sugarbeet requires a PRE herbicide, such as S-metolachlor, for its control. The objectives of this research were to evaluate sugarbeet tolerance to PRE S-metolachlor, including air temperature and soil water content interactions with soil series in field and growth chamber experiments. Results from field experiments conducted in 12 environments in 2015, 2016, and 2017 indicated 2.16 or 4.32 kg ai ha−1S-metolachlor applied PRE reduced sugarbeet density and stature but did not reduce root yield, sucrose content, or recoverable sucrose compared with the untreated control in environments with soils with less than 3.5% organic matter (OM) and receiving greater than 40-mm cumulative rainfall within 14 d after planting. In the growth chamber, sugarbeet density and shoot fresh weight following S-metolachlor application was influenced by soil moisture content, air temperature, and soil series but not by S-metolachlor rate. Sugarbeet density and shoot fresh weight were reduced 15% and 106%, respectively, when S-metolachlor was applied to a Glyndon sandy loam (2.6% OM, 9.5% clay) at 100% field capacity (FC) and 14 C compared with S-metolachlor application to a Fargo silty clay (7.7% OM and 54% clay) at 100% FC and 21 C. It is concluded that field selection, rather than herbicide rate, is an important criterion for managing sugarbeet tolerance with S-metolachlor.

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