scholarly journals Husk Softening and Kernel Characteristics of Three Black Walnut Cultivars at Successive Harvest Dates

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Brawner ◽  
Michele R. Warmund
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Light Medium

Eastern black walnuts (Juglans nigra L.) were collected weekly in September and October to identify a method to determine the optimal harvest date and to develop a quantifiable color classification system for kernels. Husk hardness, measured by a durometer, decreased over a 5-week period. During the collection periods, the greatest percent kernel for ‘Emma K’, ‘Kwik Krop’, and ‘Sparrow’ was recorded when durometer values (i.e., force measurements) of husks were 5.2, 5.5, and 3.4 N, respectively. Husk softening was also detected using the denting method, but the perception of denting did not consistently correspond with a specific husk hardness value. Of the three cultivars, ‘Kwik Krop’ kernels were the most difficult to visually sort into light, medium, and dark colors. Kernel LCH sum (L* + chroma + hue angle values), measured by a handheld spectrophotometer, provided a reliable color classification for all black walnut cultivars in which light kernels had LCH sums ≥150, medium kernels had sums of 149 to 126, and dark kernels had values ≤125.

scholarly journals Timeliness Harvesting Loss of Rice in Cold Region under Different Mechanical Harvesting Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6345
Author(s):  
Jinwu Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Sun ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
Wenqi Zhou ◽  
Han Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Optimal Harvest ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Combine Harvester

The yield loss during the process of harvesting is a great challenge in rice production. A suitable harvesting time and harvesting method can help to reduce the yield losses of rice, and decisions about the harvest date have important implications for labor management as well as for agricultural machinery scheduling. Nonetheless, the comprehensive composition of timeliness harvesting loss (THL) and its changing rules for different harvesting methods remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of harvest date and mechanical harvesting methods on grain dry matter timeliness loss (GDMTL) and mechanical timeliness losses (MTL) of rice in the cold region. To this end, the field experiment was conducted from 45 days after heading (45 DAH) to 59 days after heading (59 DAH), adopting a full-feeding and semi-feeding combine harvester (FCH and SCH) from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that harvest date had a significant effect on GDMTL and four kinds of MTL including header timeliness loss (HTL), cleaning timeliness loss (CTL), un-threshed timeliness loss (UTTL), and entrainment timeliness loss (ETL, only under FCH). With the prolonged harvest date, the HTL and CTL increased and the UTTL and ETL decreased, which ranged from 0.15–0.31%, 0.36–0.67%, 0.72–0.18%, and 0.69–0.31%, respectively for FCH. For SCH, the variation range of HTL, CTL, and UTTL was 0.41–0.59%, 0.66–0.98%, and 0.64–0.21%, respectively. The GDMTL increased first and then decreased, ranging from 2.84–0.87%. The mechanical harvesting methods had no significant effect on the GDMTL of rice, but the MTL could be large between FCH and SCH. In general, optimal harvest period was 52 DAH~53 DAH for both harvesting methods, which exhibited the highest yield and the lowest loss, i.e., 9269.3 kg/hm2 and 1.70%, respectively, and the mechanical operating mode on different harvest dates was recommended to minimize the mechanical loss. The optimal harvest date for rice in a cold region ensured both quality and quantity for mechanized harvesting, and provided a reference for the reasonable allocation of operating harvesters in the harvesting season.

scholarly journals Kernel Color of Three Black Walnut Cultivars after Delayed Hulling at Five Successive Harvest Dates

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2256-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Renee Warmund
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Mean Kernel ◽  
Time Of Harvest

‘Emma K’, ‘Kwik Krop’, and ‘Sparrow’ black walnuts (Juglans nigra L.) were collected weekly in Sept. and Oct. 2007 to determine the effect of delayed hulling of fruits on kernel color at successive harvest dates. Delayed hulling of fruits resulted in lower kernel color values, including L*, chroma, hue angle, and LCH sum (L* + chroma + hue angle values) than those of fruits that were immediately hulled after harvest. ‘Sparrow’ kernels were visually the darkest brown color after delayed hulling. However, the effect of delayed hulling (i.e., change in kernel LCH sum values) over all harvest dates was greatest for ‘Emma K’. LCH sums of kernels generally decreased as the time of harvest was delayed. For ‘Sparrow’, mean kernel LCH sums from immediately hulled fruits decreased sharply from the third week of harvest on 20 Sept. (i.e., the “normal” date of harvest) to the next week. This decrease in LCH sums represented a change in kernel color classification from medium brown at Week 3 to dark brown in Week 4. Visual color changes for ‘Kwik Krop’ were less apparent as a result of the narrow range of color over harvest dates.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Recovery from Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers and Urea in Intensively Managed Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Plantations

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Sloan ◽  
Francis K. Salifu ◽  
Douglass F. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Intensively managed forest plantations often require fertilization to maintain site fertility and to improve growth and yield over successive rotations. We applied urea-based “enhanced-efficiency fertilizers” (EEF) containing 0.5 atom% 15N at a rate of 224 kg N ha−1 to soils under mid-rotation black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) plantations to track the fate of applied 15N within aboveground ecosystem components during the 12-month period after application. Treatments included Agrotain Ultra (urea coated with a urease inhibitor), Arborite EC (urea coated with water-soluble boron and phosphate), Agrium ESN (polymer-coated urea), uncoated urea, and an unfertilized control. Agrotain Ultra and Arborite EC increased N concentrations of competing vegetation within one month after fertilization, while neither Agrium ESN nor uncoated urea had any effect on competing vegetation N concentrations during the experiment. Agrotain Ultra and Arborite EC increased δ15N values in leaves of crop trees above those of controls at one and two months after fertilization, respectively. By contrast, Agrium ESN and uncoated urea had no effect on δ15N values in leaves of crop trees until three months after fertilization. Fertilizer N recovery (FNR) varied among ecosystem components, with competing vegetation acting as a sink for applied nutrients. There were no significant differences in FNR for all the urea-based EEF products compared to uncoated urea. Agrium ESN was the only EEF that exhibited controlled-release activity in this study, with other fertilizers behaving similarly to uncoated urea.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) During Plantation Establishment. Morphology and Production Efficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa C. Goodman ◽  
Juan A. Oliet ◽  
Guillermo Pardillo ◽  
Douglass F. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Plantation Establishment

Design of the Color Classification System for Sunglass Lenses using PCA-PSO-ELM

Measurement ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 110498
Author(s):  
He Jian ◽  
Qifeng Lin ◽  
Juntao Wu ◽  
Xianguang Fan ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Color Classification

Effects of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and Delayed Harvest on Soybeans

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
James M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Date ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

The effect of delayed harvest was investigated with two soybean cultivars that were grown weed free or in competition with johnsongrass or hemp sesbania over a 3-yr period. Johnsongrass reduced the yield of early-maturing ‘Hill’ soybean 32, 35, and 36% when harvested at an average of 1, 2, or 3 wk after maturity, when compared to weed-free yields of 2490, 2430, and 2270 kg ha−1, respectively. Late-maturing ‘Lee 68’ yields were reduced 27, 29, and 39% on three harvest dates compared to weed-free yields of 2570, 2310, and 2200 kg ha−1, respectively. Seed grades of both cultivars improved with delayed harvest, but this was offset when johnsongrass was present. Hemp sesbania reduced yields of Hill 23% on the first harvest date and 26% on the second and third dates. Yields of Lee 68 were reduced 16, 22, and 28% by hemp sesbania on three successive harvest dates. The value of soybean yields adjusted for excessive foreign material, moisture, and damaged kernels was decreased by delayed harvest when hemp sesbania was present in Lee 68 and when johnsongrass was present in both cultivars.

Antitumor Activity of Juglans nigra (Black Walnut) Extractives

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1674-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh C. Bhargava ◽  
Bertis A. Westfall
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra
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