scholarly journals Classification and Inheritance of Morphological and Agronomic Characteristics in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Shortell ◽  
William A. Meyer ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
New Cultivars

The apomictic breeding behavior of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) results in many unique cultivars. A classification system was previously developed to characterize the large number of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars into different types. However, many new cultivars have been released since the last refinement of the classification system. The objectives of this study were to determine differences in morphological and agronomic characteristics among select Kentucky bluegrass cultivars representing the major classification types and to determine broad-sense heritability estimates for important morphological (plant height, panicle length, flag leaf height, and flag leaf length and width) and agronomic (rhizome spread) traits in Kentucky bluegrass. A spaced-plant nursery trial was established in the spring of 2003 at Adelphia, NJ. One hundred seventy-three cultivars and selections were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The morphological and agronomic traits listed were measured on spaced plants. High Density type cultivars (formerly the Aggressive type cultivars) had the most prostrate growth habit with plant heights of 33 and 43 cm in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Mid-Atlantic and Texas × Kentucky bluegrass hybrids had the widest rhizome spread (Mid-Atlantic = 73 and 121 cm; Texas × Kentucky bluegrass hybrids = 72 and 122 cm) in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Broad-sense heritability estimates were high for plant height (H = 0.84), panicle length (H = 0.88), flag leaf height (H = 0.85), and rhizome spread (H = 0.85); moderate for flag leaf length (H = 0.71); and low for flag leaf width (H = 0.11). This study characterizes new cultivars into respective groups and identifies the genetic inheritance of important morphological and agronomic traits in Kentucky bluegrass.

scholarly journals Relationship between Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]

2021 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
P. Vinoth ◽  
B. Selvi ◽  
N. Senthil ◽  
K. Iyanar ◽  
S. Jeyarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Weight

Knowledge about the association between grain yield and yield contributing traits is important for sorghum development programs. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine correlations and path-coefficients between grain yield per plant and yield contributing traits. The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 in the Department of millets, TNAU, Coimbatore, India by using nine parents and twenty hybrids to study the genotypic correlations on the basis of seventeen traits.  Analysis of variance evinced significant variation for all the traits under study. In correlation studies, the grain yield was positively associated with plant height (0.603), leaf length (0.613), leaf area index (0.501), flag leaf length (0.529), panicle length (0.608), panicle weight (0.930) and hundred seed weight (0.643). In path analysis, the traits leaf length, flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight and hundred seed weight exposed highly direct and indirect effects. Selection for a trait is effective when both the correlation and direct effect are higher and positive as this indicates its true association. Hence this investigation revealed flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight and hundred seed weight exhibited positive association and direct effect on grain yield, which indicates that the selection towards these characters will improve the yield.

scholarly journals Variability, Heritability and Genetic advance of introduced upland rice genotypes at Fogera in North Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Mersha Tezera
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Variability, heritability and genetic advance are basic in order to provide information for plant breeding programs. Forty nine upland rice genotypes were tested in 7*7 simple lattice design at Fogera in Wereta station of Adet Agricultural Research Center in 2012/13. The objectives of the study were to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of the genotypes tested. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference among the 49 genotypes for all the characters studied. Accessions IR 78937-B-3-B-B-1 and IR 78937-B-3-B-B-2 had the highest yield with a score of 5374.5 kg/ha and 5305.6 kg/ha respectively. The high yielding genotype IR 78937-B-3-B-B-1 had a yield advantage of 57% and 22.2%, respectively, as compared to standard checks Nerica-4 and Hidasie. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values ranged from 2.5% for panicle length to 49.98% for number of spikelet per panicle. While the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 2.4 % for panicle length to 47.6 % for number of spikelet per panicle. Number of tiller per plant (22.47%), number spikelet per panicle (49.98%), thousand seed weight (25.56%) and yield (23.93%) had higher PCV values. The PCV values for flag leaf length (14.79%), flag leaf width (16.12%), and culm length (16.42%) and number of panicle per plant (16.32%) were medium. Flowering cycle (7.81%), maturation cycle (2.9%), and panicle length (2.5%) had lower PCV values. GCV values were low for flowering cycle (7.21%), maturation cycle (1.82%) and panicle length (2.4%); medium for flag leaf length (14.26%), flag leaf width (15.39%), culm length (15.19 %) and number of panicle per plant (15.72%); high for number of tillers per plant (22.18 %), yield (23.07%), thousand seed weight (25.18%) and number of spikelet per panicle (47.60%). The high GCV values of these characters suggest that genetic impact is higher and environmental influence is lower. This study generally had indicated that there was significant genetic variability or divergence among the genotypes. Thus, the improvement program of the upland rice genotypes through direct selection rather than a lengthy crossing program is recommended.

Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci for flag leaf length and other agronomic traits in rice(Oryza sativa)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sonah ◽  
R. Deshmukh ◽  
S. Chand ◽  
M. Srinivasprasad ◽  
G. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis of Flag Leaf with Yield in Several Rice Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Asadur Rahman ◽  
ME Haque ◽  
B Sikdar ◽  
Md Asadul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Matin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
The Relationship

The uppermost leaf below the panicle is the flag leaf that provides the most important source of photosynthetic energy during reproduction and grain filling, thereby has great impact in panicle development and grain yield in rice. In the present investigation in order to explore the relationship between grain yield and flag leaf parameters, yield composition, length and width of the flag leaf, and panicle length were measured in some rice cultivars. Statistical analysis indicated that flag leaf length was positively correlated with panicle length for the studied cultivars demonstrating higher grain yield. Chlorophyll measurement indicated that flag leaf contained more chlorophyll than penultimate leaf. Yield of all the cultivars upon excision of flag leaf was also compared. Removal of flag leaf led to a decline in the seed-setting rate which eventually reduced the grain yield. Besides this, variable pollen viability was also noticed in the different cultivars. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20139 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 49-54, 2013

scholarly journals Assessment of Agro-morphological Characters among Complete Panicle Emergence Mutants of Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
B. Suneel ◽  
P. Gopi ◽  
J. Karteek ◽  
M. D. Ershad ◽  
G. S. Laha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Aims: The aim of the present work was to generate complete panicle emergence mutants of Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204), using the chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS)  Place and Duration of Study: The field evaluation was carried out repeatedly in two locations at Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar and at ICRISAT Patancheru Hyderabad. The duration of the study was three successive seasons in triplicates namely, june-2014, january-2015 and june-2015. Methodology: Seedlings of 28-30 days old were transplanted in 5 lines (each line containing 20 plants) into the field. The plant spacing was 20 cm by 15 cm with density of one hill. The field was irrigated throughout the experiment with average of 10 cm water above the soil level. Regular hand weeding was embarked upon to free the plant of inter specific competition. The phenotypic data was recorded for CPE mutants through visual assessment. The characteristics that required measurements were done according to the usual procedure. The Distinctness, Uniformity and stability of the CPE mutant lines have been recorded following (DUS) test guidelines by UPOV guidelines for rice (38) & Yoshida S (44). Results: The identified stabilized thirteen complete panicle emergence (CPE) mutants showed superior agro morphological characters, compared with wild type (BPT-5204). The mutants CPE-2 and CPE-3 took 100 days to flowering and CPE-4 and CPE-7 mutants showed superiority for panicle length, and CPE-5 exhibited good performance for grain yield. In correlation analysis CPE trait had a significantly positive correlation with PH and TGW and negative correlation with 50%DFF. The CPE mutants used in the present study exhibited variability for most of the studied traits. Significant variation was detected in the identified stabilized CPE mutants for plant height, panicle length, flag leaf length and width, 50% flowering, different grain types and 1000 grain weight. Conclusion: The present study discovered adequate genetic divergence in the thirteen stabilized CPE mutants for various qualitative and quantitative traits. The promising mutants identified during the current study have the potential to be used in future breeding programs for getting productive and quality results.

scholarly journals Classification of Kentucky Bluegrass Genotypes Grown as Spaced-plants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 910-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy A. Bonos ◽  
William A. Meyer ◽  
James A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Compact Type ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
The Common

The apomictic breeding behavior of Poa pratensis L. provides an opportunity to study many unique genotypes that can vary dramatically in characteristics such as disease resistance, stress tolerance and growth habit. The classification of Kentucky bluegrass into types is based on common growth and stress performance characteristics gathered from field turf trials. These classification types include the Compact, Bellevue, Mid-Atlantic, BVMG (`Baron, `Victa', `Merit', and `Gnome'), Common, and Aggressive types. A spaced-plant nursery trial was established in May 1996 to quantify morphological and growth characteristics of 45 cultivars and selections representing the major types of Kentucky bluegrass. Plant height, panicle height, flag leaf height and length, subtending leaf length and width, rhizome spread, and longest extending rhizome were measured 10 days after anthesis. Compact type cultivars had a lower, more prostrate growth habit than the Common, Mid-Atlantic, and Bellevue types. Mid-Atlantic type cultivars had a wider rhizome spread than Compact type cultivars. Principal component analysis of morphological measurements made on spaced-plants supports the classification types of the Common, Compact, Bellevue, Mid-Atlantic, and BVMG, but not necessarily the Aggressive type.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping of Novel Genomic Regions for Yield Related Traits in Doubled Haploid (DH) Population Derived from the Popular Rice Hybrid KRH-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Ravindra Kulkarni ◽  
Balachandran Sena Munuswamy ◽  
Ulaganathan K ◽  
Divya Balakrishnan ◽  
Hari Prasad A.S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Weight

Abstract Background: Rice, being the principal food crop and major nutritional source for more than half of the global population, is also an important source of livelihood in many South and South-East Asian countries. Amidst diminishing natural resources and many biotic-abiotic stresses, increasing the yield of rice varieties remains a challenging task. Identification of novel and yield augmenting alleles from stable rice hybrids is crucial to facilitate their marker-assisted transfer into various genetic backgrounds. Results: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping using a population of 125 doubled haploid (DH) lines developed from the cross IR58025A/KMR3R and 126 polymorphic SSR; EST-derived SSR markers led to the identification of 12 each of major-minor effect QTLs for yield related traits. Major effect QTLs were detected for traits namely days to fifty percent flowering, test (1,000) grain weight, plant height, panicle weight, panicle length, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, biomass and total grain yield/plant explaining the phenotypic variability in the range of 29.95%-56.75%. QTL hotspots were detected on chromosome 3 for the traits, panicle length and total grain yield/plant and on chromosome 6 for the traits, panicle length, flag leaf length and total grain yield/plant. Though many of these QTLs were noted to co-localize with the QTL regions reported in earlier studies, five novel and major effect QTLs for panicle length, biomass, flag leaf width, panicle weight, plant height and three novel minor effect QTLs for panicle weight and fertile grains per panicle, were identified in this study. Conclusions: Through this study, both major-minor effect novel QTLs for crucial yield related traits, viz., fertile grains per panicle, panicle length, panicle weight were identified. Further, the QTL hotspots identified on two different chromosomes for flag leaf length, panicle length and total grain yield/plant shall not only help in understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of yield regulation but also would provide an insight into the genetic synchrony among the various yield related traits in contributing for yield heterosis. The identified QTL hotspots after their validation can be deployed in breeding programs targeted towards improvement of yield heterosis.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of Agronomic Traits of Wheat under Terminal Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Mohammad Dashtak ◽  
Mohammad R. Bihamta ◽  
Eslam Majidi ◽  
Reza A. Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Seven wheat genotypes (Sirvan, Zarin, Pishgam, Karim, Baran, Heidary, and Rizhav) were crossed in diallel mating to develop 42 F1's hybrids. The resultant hybrids along with parents were evaluated during cropping season 2015-16 at agriculture and natural resources Pardis of Tehran University, Iran, using RCB design with 3 replications under drought stress and normal field conditions from the booting stage till physiological maturity. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for agronomic traits were determined. The main objective of the research was the identification and proper selection of best-performing wheat parental genotypes and best F1's hybrids, based on GCA and SCA estimates.  Significant differences were observed among the wheat genotypes for all the reported traits in this article. Results for combining ability analysis indicated that mean squares of GCA and SCA effects were significantly high for most of the traits. The estimates of σ2gca and σ2sca and its ratio (σ2gca/σ2sca) indicated that non-additive genetic expression was dominant for most of the traits studied, then the heterosis breading is a useful program, however selection on superior hybrids should be postponed to the next generation for these traits in recombination program. It is concluded that Zarin, and Baran are recommended as the best general combiners for a future wheat breeding program. The maximum values of SCA observed in flag leaf length in normal and peduncle length in drought condition related to crosses of Rizhav with other parents. So, it is suggested these series of crosses can be down to improve these traits at the mentioned condition

scholarly journals Effect of flag leaf length of erect panicle rice on the canopy structure and biomass production after heading

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yuki Makino ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirooka ◽  
Koki Homma ◽  
Rintaro Kondo ◽  
Tian-Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence in Indigenous Wild and Cultivated Rice Species of Manipur Valley

ISRN Genetics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Medhabati ◽  
K. Rajiv Das ◽  
M. Rohinikumar ◽  
H. Sunitibala ◽  
Th. Dikash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hybridization Programme

Genetic divergence of 32 indigenous rice germplasms and five wild rice of which three from Manipur and two wild rice procured from IRRI, Philippines was investigated using Mahalanobis, D2 statistic. Based on twelve agromorphological characters, the thirty-seven germplasms both wild and cultivated were grouped into five clusters based on the relative magnitudes of D2 values following Tocher's method of cluster formation. Based on the rank totals, the characters which contributed maximum towards genetic divergence in the present studies were grain yield/plant, spikelet/panicle, 100 grain weight, grain length, days to 50% flowering, ear bearing tillers/plant, and flag leaf length. In the present study, maximum intercluster distance was estimated between cluster III and (D2=14.09) which was closed followed by clusters II and V (D2=12.50). On the basis of their greater intercluster distance, high value of cluster mean according to the character to be improved and performance of the individual germplasms for the character, the germplasms could be used in hybridization programme for improvement of different plant characters in the rice germplasms of Manipur.

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