scholarly journals Relationship between Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]

2021 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
P. Vinoth ◽  
B. Selvi ◽  
N. Senthil ◽  
K. Iyanar ◽  
S. Jeyarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Weight

Knowledge about the association between grain yield and yield contributing traits is important for sorghum development programs. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine correlations and path-coefficients between grain yield per plant and yield contributing traits. The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 in the Department of millets, TNAU, Coimbatore, India by using nine parents and twenty hybrids to study the genotypic correlations on the basis of seventeen traits.  Analysis of variance evinced significant variation for all the traits under study. In correlation studies, the grain yield was positively associated with plant height (0.603), leaf length (0.613), leaf area index (0.501), flag leaf length (0.529), panicle length (0.608), panicle weight (0.930) and hundred seed weight (0.643). In path analysis, the traits leaf length, flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight and hundred seed weight exposed highly direct and indirect effects. Selection for a trait is effective when both the correlation and direct effect are higher and positive as this indicates its true association. Hence this investigation revealed flag leaf length, panicle length, panicle weight and hundred seed weight exhibited positive association and direct effect on grain yield, which indicates that the selection towards these characters will improve the yield.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping of Novel Genomic Regions for Yield Related Traits in Doubled Haploid (DH) Population Derived from the Popular Rice Hybrid KRH-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Ravindra Kulkarni ◽  
Balachandran Sena Munuswamy ◽  
Ulaganathan K ◽  
Divya Balakrishnan ◽  
Hari Prasad A.S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Weight

Abstract Background: Rice, being the principal food crop and major nutritional source for more than half of the global population, is also an important source of livelihood in many South and South-East Asian countries. Amidst diminishing natural resources and many biotic-abiotic stresses, increasing the yield of rice varieties remains a challenging task. Identification of novel and yield augmenting alleles from stable rice hybrids is crucial to facilitate their marker-assisted transfer into various genetic backgrounds. Results: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping using a population of 125 doubled haploid (DH) lines developed from the cross IR58025A/KMR3R and 126 polymorphic SSR; EST-derived SSR markers led to the identification of 12 each of major-minor effect QTLs for yield related traits. Major effect QTLs were detected for traits namely days to fifty percent flowering, test (1,000) grain weight, plant height, panicle weight, panicle length, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, biomass and total grain yield/plant explaining the phenotypic variability in the range of 29.95%-56.75%. QTL hotspots were detected on chromosome 3 for the traits, panicle length and total grain yield/plant and on chromosome 6 for the traits, panicle length, flag leaf length and total grain yield/plant. Though many of these QTLs were noted to co-localize with the QTL regions reported in earlier studies, five novel and major effect QTLs for panicle length, biomass, flag leaf width, panicle weight, plant height and three novel minor effect QTLs for panicle weight and fertile grains per panicle, were identified in this study. Conclusions: Through this study, both major-minor effect novel QTLs for crucial yield related traits, viz., fertile grains per panicle, panicle length, panicle weight were identified. Further, the QTL hotspots identified on two different chromosomes for flag leaf length, panicle length and total grain yield/plant shall not only help in understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of yield regulation but also would provide an insight into the genetic synchrony among the various yield related traits in contributing for yield heterosis. The identified QTL hotspots after their validation can be deployed in breeding programs targeted towards improvement of yield heterosis.

scholarly journals Variability, Heritability and Genetic advance of introduced upland rice genotypes at Fogera in North Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Mersha Tezera
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Variability, heritability and genetic advance are basic in order to provide information for plant breeding programs. Forty nine upland rice genotypes were tested in 7*7 simple lattice design at Fogera in Wereta station of Adet Agricultural Research Center in 2012/13. The objectives of the study were to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of the genotypes tested. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference among the 49 genotypes for all the characters studied. Accessions IR 78937-B-3-B-B-1 and IR 78937-B-3-B-B-2 had the highest yield with a score of 5374.5 kg/ha and 5305.6 kg/ha respectively. The high yielding genotype IR 78937-B-3-B-B-1 had a yield advantage of 57% and 22.2%, respectively, as compared to standard checks Nerica-4 and Hidasie. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values ranged from 2.5% for panicle length to 49.98% for number of spikelet per panicle. While the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 2.4 % for panicle length to 47.6 % for number of spikelet per panicle. Number of tiller per plant (22.47%), number spikelet per panicle (49.98%), thousand seed weight (25.56%) and yield (23.93%) had higher PCV values. The PCV values for flag leaf length (14.79%), flag leaf width (16.12%), and culm length (16.42%) and number of panicle per plant (16.32%) were medium. Flowering cycle (7.81%), maturation cycle (2.9%), and panicle length (2.5%) had lower PCV values. GCV values were low for flowering cycle (7.21%), maturation cycle (1.82%) and panicle length (2.4%); medium for flag leaf length (14.26%), flag leaf width (15.39%), culm length (15.19 %) and number of panicle per plant (15.72%); high for number of tillers per plant (22.18 %), yield (23.07%), thousand seed weight (25.18%) and number of spikelet per panicle (47.60%). The high GCV values of these characters suggest that genetic impact is higher and environmental influence is lower. This study generally had indicated that there was significant genetic variability or divergence among the genotypes. Thus, the improvement program of the upland rice genotypes through direct selection rather than a lengthy crossing program is recommended.

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis of Flag Leaf with Yield in Several Rice Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Asadur Rahman ◽  
ME Haque ◽  
B Sikdar ◽  
Md Asadul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Matin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
The Relationship

The uppermost leaf below the panicle is the flag leaf that provides the most important source of photosynthetic energy during reproduction and grain filling, thereby has great impact in panicle development and grain yield in rice. In the present investigation in order to explore the relationship between grain yield and flag leaf parameters, yield composition, length and width of the flag leaf, and panicle length were measured in some rice cultivars. Statistical analysis indicated that flag leaf length was positively correlated with panicle length for the studied cultivars demonstrating higher grain yield. Chlorophyll measurement indicated that flag leaf contained more chlorophyll than penultimate leaf. Yield of all the cultivars upon excision of flag leaf was also compared. Removal of flag leaf led to a decline in the seed-setting rate which eventually reduced the grain yield. Besides this, variable pollen viability was also noticed in the different cultivars. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20139 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 49-54, 2013

scholarly journals Heterosis in Local Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
U Sarker ◽  
MG Rasul ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Standard Heterosis

An experiment was conducted to study the heterosis of 27 F1 hybrids produced from nine CMS lines and three restorer lines of rice with their parental lines and BRRI Dhan29 as standard check for 17 yield and its contributing traits. Mid parent, better parent and standard heterosis of most of the crosses were significant for most of the characters studied either in positive or in negative direction. Desirable and significant mid parent and better parent heterosis was observed in 13 and seven cross combinations, respectively for grain yield and most of its related traits. Considering more than 20% mid parent and better parent heterosis for grain yield along with most of its related traits, nine and five cross combinations, respectively were identified as good heterotic combinations over mid parental and better parental value. On the basis of individual trait significant and desirable mid parent heterosis was observed in eight cross combinations for plant height, 12 for leaf blade length, nine for flag leaf blade length, 13 for flag leaf sheath length, eight for tillers per hill, eight for panicles per hill, 14 for days to 50% flowering, four for days to maturity, four for panicle length, 14 for panicle weight, nine for primary branches per panicle, 16 for secondary branches per panicle, six for filled grains per panicle, 15 for 1000 seed weight, 13 for grain yield per hill and 15 for harvest index. Significant and desirable better parent heterosis was observed in 12 cross combinations for plant height, 11 for leaf blade length, 5 for flag leaf blade length, nine for flag leaf sheath length, seven for tillers per hill, seven for panicles per hill, 25 for days to 50% flowering, one for days to 100% flowering, seven for days to maturity, three for panicle length, nine for panicle weight, five for primary branches per panicle, 12 for secondary branches per panicle, four for filled grains per panicle, nine for 1000 seed weight, seven for grain yield per hill and nine for harvest index. None of the crosses were identified as good heterotic over standard check for grain yield per hill but many good and desirable heterotic crosses were identified over standard check for most of the yield related characters. Twenty cross combinations were identified as heterotic over standard check due to desirable and significant standard heterosis for most of the yield related traits.   Keywords: Heterosis; rice; Oryza sativa; boro DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v23i1.9314 BJPBG 2010; 23(1): 19-30

scholarly journals Multiple Regression, Correlation and Path Analysis of Gall Midge Incidence, Yield and Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Sameena Begum ◽  
B. Srinivas ◽  
V. Ram Reddy ◽  
Ch. Aruna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Positive Direct

The present investigation was carried out to understand the interrelationship and degree of dependence of grain yield on its components and gall midge incidence and to elucidate their relative importance. The experiment was conducted using 42 rice hybrids developed by crossing 6 CMS lines and seven testers in Line X Tester mating design, their parents and four checks. Observations were recorded on gall midge incidence, grain yield and fourteen component characters. Correlation coefficient analysis suggested that grain yield per plant had highly significant and positive association with panicle length (rp = 0.4600**, rg = 0.5545**) followed by number of grains per panicle (rp = 0.4219**, rg = 0.5125**) and number of productive tillers per plant (rp = 0.4006**, rg = 0.4942**) and negative non significant association with gall midge incidence (rp =-0.1154, rg =-0.1430). Panicle length had the highest positive direct effect (0.9688) followed by the number of grains per panicle (0.5748). Gall midge incidence showed a negative direct effect at the phenotypic level and a positive direct effect at the genotypic level on the grain yield per plant. Further, it showed indirect negative effects via plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, hulling percentage, milling percentage, kernel length and kernel breadth as revealed from path analysis. The result of multiple linear regression exhibited that only the number of productive tillers per plant and the number of grains per panicle contributed significantly towards grain yield per plant. The step-wise regression analysis revealed that the panicle length, number of grains per panicle and number of productive tillers per plant were the most important characters having R=0.6505 and thus, could explain 42.31% of the total variation of grain yield. Gall midge incidence contributed to only 0.95% of the variation for grain yield, which might be due to the low incidence or resistance of the hybrids to the gall midge.

scholarly journals Identification of QTLs for high grain yield and component traits in New Plant Types of rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Donde ◽  
S. Mohapatra ◽  
S. Y. Baksh ◽  
B. Padhy ◽  
M. Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Transgressive Segregants ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

AbstractA panel of 60 genotypes consisting of New Plant Types (NPTs) along with indica, tropical and temperate japonica genotypes were phenotypically evaluated for four seasons in irrigated situation for grain yield per se and component traits. Twenty NPT genotypes were found to be promising with an average grain yield of 5.45 to 8.8 t/ha. A total of 85 SSR markers were used in the study to identify QTLs associated with grain yield per se and related traits. Sixty-six (77.65%) markers were found to be polymorphic. The PIC values varied from 0.516 to 0.92 with an average of 0.704. A moderate level of genetic diversity (0.39) was detected among genotypes. Variation to the tune of 8% within genotypes, 68% among the genotypes within the population and 24% among the populations were observed (AMOVA). The association analysis using GLM and MLM models led to the identification of 30 and 10 SSR markers were associated with 70 and 16 QTLs, respectively. Thirty novel QTLs linked with 16 SSRs were identified to be associated with eleven traits, namely, tiller number (qTL-6.1, qTL-11.1, qTL-4.1), panicle length (qPL-1.1, qPL-5.1, qPL-7.1, qPL-8.1), flag leaf length (qFLL-8.1, qFLL-9.1), flag leaf width (qFLW-6.2, qFLW-5.1, qFLW-8.1, qFLW-7.1), total no. of grains (qTG-2.2, qTG-a7.1), thousand-grain weight (qTGW-a1.1, qTGW-a9.2, qTGW-5.1, qTGW-8.1), fertile grains (qFG-7.1), seed length-breadth ratio (qSlb-3.1), plant height (qPHT-6.1, qPHT-9.1), days to 50% flowering (qFD-1.1) and grain yield per se (qYLD-5.1, qYLD-6.1a, qYLD-11.1). This information could be useful for identification of highly potential parents for development of transgressive segregants. Moreover, super rice genotypes could be developed through pyramiding of these QTLS for important yield traits for prospective increment in yield potentiality and breaking yield ceiling.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters and Selection Indices in F3 Progenies of Hill Rice Genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulzar S. SANGHERA ◽  
Subhash C. KASHYAP
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

The F3 population of eighteen different cross combinations using five local and seven exotic genotypes was used to study the genetic parameters, heritability, correlation and path coefficients for fourteen quantitative characters under temperate conditions. The selected progenies showed highly significant difference for most of the agro-morphological characters. Comparatively high phenotypic coefficients of variation were observed for all the character than genotypic coefficient variation. High heritability (%) was recorded for days to 50% flowering (96%) followed by days to maturity (95%) and grain yield per plant (84%). High genetic advance were observed for grain yield (47%) followed by biological yield/plant (27%) and harvest index (25%). Days to 50% flowering was positively and significantly correlated with days to maturity, grain length with LB ratio flag leaf length with grain breadth and panicle length with grain breadth at genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that harvest index and biological yield has highest direct effect on yield followed by days to maturity and number of grain per panicle. Biological yield per plant has highest indirect effect on yield via days to flowering followed by grain weight via biological yield per plant, grain breadth via days to 50 % flowering and flag leaf length via biological yield per plant. Therefore, information on the genetic parameters such as coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance and the influence of environment on the expression of these characters will help the breeder to evolve suitable cultivars within a short time for hill ecologies.

scholarly journals Inheritance of some flag leaf and yield characteristics by half-diallel analysis in rice crops (Oryza Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessreen N. Bassuony ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Half Diallel

AbstractThis study was conducted during 2018 and 2019 at the Rice Research and Training Centre farm, Sakha, Kafr el Sheikh, Egypt. Six genotypes of rice, Sakha 101, Giza 178, Irat 170, Wab-56-104, IR65500-127 and IR69853 were half-diallel crossed to estimate the combining ability effect as well as sink and yield potential in rice. Sink capacity (number of spikelets/panicle and 1000-grain weight), source leaf (flag leaf length, flag leaf width and flag leaf area), source-sink association (number of spikelets/panicle to flag leaf area ratio) and traits of yield components (filled grains number/panicle and panicle number) plant and grain yield/plant) were analysed. The results indicated that both general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all the studied characteristics. IR65500-127, Giza 178, and Sakha 101 were identified as good parents, so these parents were suggested for a further recombinant breeding programme. The cross of 3 × 5 was found to be superior for flag leaf width and grain yield, while the cross of 1 × 4 was found to be superior for flag leaf length, flag leaf length/width ratio, chlorophyll content and number of panicles/plant. Advancing these crosses and effected selections in segregating generation would be helpful to develop high yielding varieties. The genetic parameter showed a dominant deviation in one direction was controlled for all characters except flag leaf length. The analysis of the regression line showed that the over-dominance played an important role in the inheritance of gene action for grain yield/plant.

scholarly journals Genetic Association and Path Coefficient Analysis for Grain Yield Characters in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
N. Nikitha Reddy ◽  
Gabrial M. Lal ◽  
B. Pragathi ◽  
P. Nikhil
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Hill Number

The study was carried out to study the correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield characters in 36 rice genotypes including one check for 13 quantitative parameters. The experimental material was carried out during Kharif, 2020, in a randomized block design with three replications obtained from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Allahabad, U.P., India. Analysis of variance revealed that there is significant variability among the genotypes. Correlation coefficient analysis at genotype level and phenotypic level revealed that plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, number of spikelets per panicle, biological yield, and harvest index, showed positive significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis at both genotypic and phenotypic levels revealed that flag leaf length, number of panicles per hill, days to maturity, biological yield, harvest index and test weight had positive direct effect on grain yield per hill. Biological yield per hill (0.8481) exerted high positive direct effect as well as high positive significant association (0.809**) with grain yield per hill thus this character resulted as most essential direct yield character.

scholarly journals Assessment of Agro-morphological Characters among Complete Panicle Emergence Mutants of Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
B. Suneel ◽  
P. Gopi ◽  
J. Karteek ◽  
M. D. Ershad ◽  
G. S. Laha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Flag Leaf Length

Aims: The aim of the present work was to generate complete panicle emergence mutants of Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204), using the chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS)  Place and Duration of Study: The field evaluation was carried out repeatedly in two locations at Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar and at ICRISAT Patancheru Hyderabad. The duration of the study was three successive seasons in triplicates namely, june-2014, january-2015 and june-2015. Methodology: Seedlings of 28-30 days old were transplanted in 5 lines (each line containing 20 plants) into the field. The plant spacing was 20 cm by 15 cm with density of one hill. The field was irrigated throughout the experiment with average of 10 cm water above the soil level. Regular hand weeding was embarked upon to free the plant of inter specific competition. The phenotypic data was recorded for CPE mutants through visual assessment. The characteristics that required measurements were done according to the usual procedure. The Distinctness, Uniformity and stability of the CPE mutant lines have been recorded following (DUS) test guidelines by UPOV guidelines for rice (38) & Yoshida S (44). Results: The identified stabilized thirteen complete panicle emergence (CPE) mutants showed superior agro morphological characters, compared with wild type (BPT-5204). The mutants CPE-2 and CPE-3 took 100 days to flowering and CPE-4 and CPE-7 mutants showed superiority for panicle length, and CPE-5 exhibited good performance for grain yield. In correlation analysis CPE trait had a significantly positive correlation with PH and TGW and negative correlation with 50%DFF. The CPE mutants used in the present study exhibited variability for most of the studied traits. Significant variation was detected in the identified stabilized CPE mutants for plant height, panicle length, flag leaf length and width, 50% flowering, different grain types and 1000 grain weight. Conclusion: The present study discovered adequate genetic divergence in the thirteen stabilized CPE mutants for various qualitative and quantitative traits. The promising mutants identified during the current study have the potential to be used in future breeding programs for getting productive and quality results.

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