scholarly journals Greenhouse Cucumber Growth and Yield Response to Copper Application

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youbin Zheng ◽  
Linping Wang ◽  
Diane Feliciano Cayanan ◽  
Mike Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Copper Treatment ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

To determine the nutrient solution copper (Cu2+) level above which Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber, cv. LOGICA F1) plant growth and fruit yield will be negatively affected, plants were grown on rockwool and irrigated with nutrient solutions containing Cu2+ at 0.05, 0.55, 1.05, 1.55, and 2.05 mg·L−1. Copper treatment began when plants were 4 weeks old and lasted for 10 weeks. During this 10-week period, plants were harvested at 3 weeks (short-term) and 10 weeks (long-term) after the start of Cu2+ treatment. Neither visible leaf injury nor negative Cu2+ effect was observed on plant growth (leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight) after 3 weeks of continuous Cu2+ treatment. However, after 10 weeks of continuous Cu2+ application, cucumber leaf dry weight was significantly reduced by Cu2+ levels 1.05 mg·L−1 or greater; leaf number, leaf area, and stem dry weight were significantly reduced by Cu2+ levels 1.55 mg·L−1 or greater. Copper (Cu2+ levels 1.05 mg·L−1 or greater) also caused root browning. Some plants under the 2.05 mg·L−1 Cu2+ treatment started to wilt after 6 weeks of continuous Cu2+ treatment. Copper treatment did not result in any change in leaf greenness until after Week 9 from the start of the treatments. There was no sign of a negative Cu2+ effect on cucumber fruit numbers after the first 2 weeks of production, but plants under the highest Cu2+ concentration treatment (2.05 mg·L−1) gradually produced fewer cucumber fruit than the control (0.05 mg·L−1) and eventually resulted in lower cucumber yield. Nutrient solution can be treated with 1.05 mg·L−1 of Cu2+ in cucumber production greenhouses; however, it is not recommended to use Cu2+ concentrations 1.05 mg·L−1 or greater continuously long-term (more than 3 weeks). When applying Cu2+, it is suggested that cucumber roots be examined regularly because roots are a better indicator for Cu2+ toxicity than leaf injury.

scholarly journals Macronutrient Omission Changes Lippia gracilis Schauer, a Threatened Medicinal Plant, Growth and Volatile Chemical Composition

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1877-1882
Author(s):  
Brígida Resende Almeida ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Heitor Luiz Heiderich Roza ◽  
Felipe Campos Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threatened Medicinal Plant ◽  
Element Technique ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The effect of macronutrient omission on the growth and volatile chemical composition of Lippia gracilis was evaluated. The “minus one element” technique was employed by using a complete (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950) nutrient solution and solutions with macronutrient omission for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Macronutrient deficiency significantly influenced L. gracilis growth and volatile chemical composition. Leaf dry weight decreased in order of importance of the macronutrients as follows: Ca = K = N > P > Mg > S. The amount and composition of volatile compounds varied according to macronutrient omission. The major constituents were characterized by p-cymene (ranging from not detected to 43.41%), thymol (3.86% to 7.95%), carvacrol (44.09% to 76.69%), and caryophyllene (0.52% to 6.00%), the contents of which were dependent on the omitted macronutrient. Lack of Ca, Mg, and S increased the contents of cymene and decreased the thymol and carvacrol compared with control. Complete solution and N, P, and K omission retained the same thymol and carvacrol content. In summary, macronutrient availability effectively controlled plant growth and volatile chemical composition of L. gracilis.

scholarly journals Effects of Pinching, Number of Cuttings per Pot, and Plant Growth Regulators on Height Control of Purple Firespike

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Rezazadeh ◽  
Richard L. Harkess
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Purple firespike (Odontonema callistachyum), native to Central America, has potential for use as a new flowering potted plant. The effects of number of pinches (zero, one, or two) and number of cuttings (one, two, or three) per 6-inch pot were evaluated on the control of plant height. Plant height was suppressed as the pinch number increased. The greatest reduction was recorded with one cutting per pot and two pinches. The maximum number of branches per pot was recorded with two pinches and three cuttings per pot. In a second experiment, plant growth regulators (PGR) were also tested for efficacy of height control; 2 weeks after pinching, foliar sprays of paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, daminozide, chlormequat, and a tank-mix of daminozide + chlormequat or media drenches of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, or flurprimidol were applied. Plant height, leaf area, and leaf dry weight were recorded at 3, 6, and 9 weeks after PGR application. Maximum height control was obtained with uniconazole drench at 8 ppm, resulting in plants 22 cm tall, 61% shorter than the untreated control (56 cm); however, it resulted in severe leaf distortion. Plant height was 56% and 46% shorter than the control using drenches of paclobutrazol at 30 ppm and flurprimidol at 15 ppm, respectively. Daminozide spray at 2000 ppm and tank-mix of daminozide + chlormequat at 4500/1500 ppm suppressed stem elongation by 20.3% and 19%, respectively. Plants treated with paclobutrazol drench at 30 ppm reduced leaf area and leaf dry weight compared with other PGRs. Chlormequat spray at tested concentrations was ineffective for controlling firespike plant growth. The most attractive potted plants were produced using a drench application of paclobutrazol at 10 or 15 ppm.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) AND INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) FORAGE ON DIFFERENT DOSAGE OF BIOORGANIC FERTILIZER

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Roni N. G. K. ◽  
S. A. Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bioorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

This study aims to obtain a study of the productivity of Gliricidia sepium and Indigofera zollingeriana plants which are given various dosage of bioorganic fertilizer. This study used a completely randomized design of factorial patterns of two factors: the first factor was the type of plant (G = Gamal; I = Indigofera) and the second factor was the dosage of bioorganic fertilizer: D0 = without fertilizer; D1 = 5 tons ha-1; D2 = 10 tons ha-1; D3 = 15 tons ha-1; D4 = 20 tons ha-1; D5 = 25 tons ha-1; and D6 = 30 tons ha-1, so there are 14 treatment combinations. Each treatment was repeated three times so that it consisted of 42 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total herbage dry weight, amount of chlorophyll, ratio of dry weight of leaf / stems, and leaf area per pot. The results showed that the productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana significant higher than Gliricidia sepium. The application of bioorganic fertilizer significantly increased plant height, leaf number, dry weight leaf, stem dry weight, total forage dry weight, amount of chlorophyll, and leaf area per pot, and the highest yield at 30 tons/ha. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the productivity of Indigofera zollingeriana is higher than Gliricidia sepium, bioorganic fertilizer increased plant productivity with the highest yield at 30 tons ha-1, and interaction only occurs in the leaf area per pot. Keywords: Indigofera zollingeriana, Gliricidia sepium, dosage of fertilizer, bioorganic fertilizer

scholarly journals SEASONAL PATTERN OF VEGETATIVE GROWTH IN OKRA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1072a-1072
Author(s):  
Bharat P. Singh ◽  
James D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Little is known about the morphology of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) plant. This information is critical to understanding of plant growth and possible factors limiting yield. Therefore, a field study was conducted during 1989 to determine the changes in leaf number, leaf dry weight and stem dry weight in okra during the fruiting period. Four okra genotypes, PI-178818, PI-211573, Lee and Clemson spineless, were planted in randomized complete block design with four replications. All four genotypes had similar stem dry weight, but differed significantly in leaf number and leaf dry weight. During the reproductive period, 42% of new leaves, 61% of leaf dry weight and 82% of stern dry weight were formed. PI-178818 had highest leaf number and maximum leaf dry weight, but produced lowest fruit yield. The results suggested that since vegetative growth and fruiting proceeds simultaneously in okra, partitioning of dry weight to pod maybe critical for high okra yields.

scholarly journals Critical Zinc+2 Activities for Sour Orange Determined with Chelator-buffered Nutrient Solutions

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Swietlik ◽  
Linsen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Chelator-buffered nutrient solutions were used to study the effect of different levels of Zn activity in the rhizosphere on growth and nutritive responses of various tissues of sour orange seedlings. The seedlings were grown for 3 months in a growth chamber in a hydroponic culture containing from 5 to 69 μm and 5 to 101 μm total Zn in Expts. 1 and 2, respectively. Zn+2 activities were calculated with a computerized chemical equilibrium model (Geochem-PC), and buffered by inclusion of a chelator, diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA), at 74 and 44 μm in excess of the sum of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co in Expts. 1 and 2, respectively. The use of DTPA-buffered solutions proved successful in imposing varying degrees of Zn deficiency. The deficiency was confirmed by leaf symptomatology, leaf chemical analyses, i.e., <16 mg·kg-1 Zn, and responses to foliar sprays and application of Zn to the roots. Growth parameters varied in their sensitivity to Zn deficiency, i.e., root dry weight < leaf number and white root growth < stem dry weight < leaf dry weight < shoot elongation and leaf area. The critical activities, expressed as pZn = -log(Zn+2), were ≈10.2±0.2 for root dry weight, 10.1±0.2 for leaf number and white root growth, 10.0±0.2 for stem dry weight, 9.9±0.2 for leaf dry weight, and 9.8±0.2 for shoot growth and leaf area. Increases in growth were observed in response to Zn applications even in the absence of visible Zn-deficiency symptoms. Seedlings containing >23 mg·kg-1 Zn in leaves did not respond to further additions of Zn to the nutrient solution. Zinc foliar sprays were less effective than Zn applications to the roots in alleviating severe Zn deficiency because foliar-absorbed Zn was not translocated from the top to the roots and thus could not correct Zn deficiency in the roots.

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on the Flowering of `Delicious' Apple. II. Nutritional Effects with Specific Reference to Phosphorus

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Hirst ◽  
David C. Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

In each of 3 years, vegetative spurs were sampled from l-year-old wood of `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) growing on B.9, M.26 EMLA, M.7 EMLA, P.18, and seedling rootstocks. Mineral concentrations of spur leaves and bud apical meristems were determined, and related to spur bud development. The spur leaf P concentration decreased during the growing season each year, hut was unaffected by rootstock. Spur leaves of trees on B.9 rootstock had 30% higher Ca concentrations than trees on M.26 EMLA or seedling rootstocks. In each year, trees growing on M.26 EMLA rootstocks had the highest leaf Mg concentrations. Mineral concentrations were generally unrelated to spur leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight, or specific leaf weight. Phosphorus concentrations in spur bud apical meristems declined during two of the three growing seasons of the study and were unaffected by rootstock. Bud P concentration was weakly negatively related to bud diameter and bud appendage number in one year of the study. More vigorous spurs (as indicated by higher spur leaf number, leaf area, and leaf dry weight) had higher bud K levels during each year. No relationships between bud development and either spur leaf mineral concentration or bud apical meristem mineral levels were evident, suggesting that a direct role of mineral nutrition influenced by rootstock at the site of flower formation was unlikely.

scholarly journals Effect of Photoselective Shadecloth and Plastic Film on Growth of Chrysanthemums under Supplemental Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 837C-837
Author(s):  
Kent D. Kobayashi*
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Controlling plant height is an important practice in the ornamental plant industry. With high cost of growth regulators and concern about their environmental aspects and health of workers, alternative ways of controlling growth may be advantageous. Objective was to determine effect of photoselective shadecloth and plastic film on growth of `Barbara', `Shasta', and `Chesapeake' mums under supplemental lighting. In experiment 1, `Barbara' plants (two and four weeks old) were placed under either wide spectrum fluorescent lamps and incandescent light bulbs (control) or lights covered with photoselective shadecloth. In experiment 2, 3-week-old `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants were placed under lights or lights covered with photoselective plastic film. Effect of shadecloth differed with age of `Barbara' plants. For 1-month-old plants placed under lights, stem diameter, stem dry weight, and root dry weight were reduced under shadecloth compared to control. No differences were observed for plant height, pot height, leaf number, leaf area/plant, and leaf dry weight. For 2-week-old plants, leaf number, leaf area/plant, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight were less under shadecloth than control. No effects on plant height, pot height, stem diameter, and root dry weight were observed. Plastic film reduced plant height and pot height for `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' plants and reduced stem dry weight and total plant dry weight for `Shasta'. No differences were seen for other growth measurements. This study indicated photoselective shadecloth did not control height of `Barbara' and its effect on growth was influenced by plant age. Photoselective plastic film controlled height of `Shasta' and `Chesapeake' and offers an alternative method for growth control of mum plants.

scholarly journals Cultivar and Canopy Position Effects on Seasonal Development of Vegetative Spurs of Apple

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce H. Barritt ◽  
Bonnie J. Schonberg
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Vegetative (nonflowering) spur characteristics of `Granny Smith', `Lawspur Rome', and `Redchief Delicious' apples (Malus domestics Borkh.) at two canopy positions (1 and 2 m heights) were examined on eight dates throughout a growing season. `Granny Smith' had a greater leaf number/spur (LNO/SP) at each date than `Rome' and `Delicious'. Area/leaf (LA) and dry weight/leaf (LDW) for `Delicious' were substantially less than for `Granny Smith' and `Rome'. Area/leaf increased rapidly after full bloom (FB) until FB + 21 days for `Delicious', FB + 35 for `Granny Smith', and FB + 56 for `Rome', after which no further changes occurred. For each cultivar, leaf area/spur (LAMP) and leaf dry weight/spur (LDW/SP) increased rapidly from FB until FB + 35 days and then more gradually until FB + 104 days. From FB + 21 onward, `Granny Smith' had greater LA/SP and LDW/SP than `Rome', which, in turn, was greater than for `Delicious'. At harvest (FB + 160), LA/SP was 2.5-fold greater for `Granny Smith' and 1.7-fold greater for `Rome' than for `Delicious'. Cultivar differences for leaf dry weight/leaf area (LDW/LA) were small and canopy position differences were large. LDW/LA declined from 7 days before FB to FB + 7, then gradually increased to the end of the season. Dry weight of the vegetative spur buds (with leaves removed) was lower for `Delicious' than for `Rome' or `Granny Smith'. Total spur dry weight (bud + leaves) was, from FB + 21 onward, greatest for `Granny Smith', intermediate for `Rome', and lowest for `Delicious'.

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