The Valorization of Biolignin from Esparto Grass (Stipa tenacissima L.) Produced by Green Process CIMV (Compagnie Industrielle de la Matière Végétale) for Fertilization of Algerian Degraded Soil: Impact on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties

This study proposes a new use for a paper industry waste material, lignin, in agriculture and agronomy as a fertilizer for arid soils, while following a strategy aiming to both increase the amount of organic matter in these soils and decrease the impact of pollution caused by industrial discharges that contain organic and/or inorganic pollutants generated by the paper industry. In fact, this method works to improve soil quality through a new carbon-rich bioorganic fertilizer (biolignin) that results from a green method called CIMV, a targeted depollution objective of the paper industry. Over the course of 180 days, we monitored the physicochemical and biological characteristics of degraded soils treated with three different biolignin treatments of 0 (D0), 2 (D1), and 4 (D2) g/kg. The humification was then evaluated by the equation E4/E6. A remarkable variation of the physicochemical and biological parameters was observed in D1 and D2: temperature 12–38 °C, humidity 9–29%, and pH 7.06–8.73. The C/N ratio decreased from 266 to 49. After 180 days, the improvement in soil carbon content for the three treatments D0, D1, and D2 was 14%, 19%, and 24%, respectively. A maximum bacterial biomass of 152 (CFU/g soil) was observed on the 30th day for D1. Maximum laccase activity for D2 was observed on the 120th day. D1 and D2 recorded a significant degree of humification compared to D0. The best indicator of humification E4/E6 was observed in D1, where the value reached 2.66 at the end of the treatment period. The D2 treatment showed a remarkable effect improving the fertility of the degraded soil, which confirms that biolignin is a good fertilizer.

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties, Citrus Growth Physiology, and Yield

Chemical fertilizer has been excessively used for high yield of citrus around the world, especially in China; meanwhile, it deteriorates the citrus orchard soil environment. To resolve the conflict, the use of organic fertilizer provides a promising solution. However, the data about organic fertilizer used in citrus orchard is rarely available. Here, four treatments including CK (no fertilizer), CF (chemical fertilizer), OF + CF (chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer; application of N, P2O5, K2O fertilizer and organic fertilizer is 0.564, 0.236, 0.336 and 10 kg/plant), and BF + CF (chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bioorganic fertilizer; application of N, P2O5, K2O fertilizer and bioorganic fertilizer is 0.508, 0.320, 0.310 and 10 kg/plant) were performed in a ‘Ponkan’ (Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer on citrus yield, growth, soil properties etc. when nutrients of fertilizer of each treatment were equal except CK. The data obtained in 2019 and 2020 showed that both OF + CF and BF + CF were beneficial to improve soil fertility (soil physicochemical and microbe properties) and citrus growth physiology (growth, nutrient and photosynthesis), alleviate NO3−-N leaching, and promote yields. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that BF + CF was more effective than OF + CF. Together, organic fertilizer has the potential to substitute partial chemical fertilizer with improvement in soil properties, growth physiology, and yield of citrus.

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon components and biomass of shamrock

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer to organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easy oxidation of organic carbon (ROC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and Shamrock biomass were studied. The results showed that the contents of SOC, DOC, ROC, MBC could be significantly increased by bioorganic fertilizer. When cultured for 180d, SOC and DOC increased by 42~154 and 9~40%, respectively, compared with T0 treatment. ROC and MBC content increased by 38~173 and 4~9%, respectively. In addition, with the increase of the application of bio-organic fertilizer, the SOC and DOC contents increased. In T4 treatment, the SOC and DOC contents were the highest, which were 25.05 g/kg and 74.89 mg/kg, respectively. In T3 treatment, the ROC and MBC contents were the highest, 9.84 g/kg and 167.09 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the initial incubation period, SOC decreased by 6~17%, DOC increased by 3~13%, ROC and MBC increased by 15~64, 3~25%, respectively. The application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the aboveground and underground biomass and the highest value were in the T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. The application of biological organic fertilizer increased the content of active organic carbon components. Results of the present study provide evidence for the application of biological organic fertilizer in the agricultural area of China. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 911-916, 2021 (September) Special

Economic efficiency of growing grain corn using new biofertilizers based on sewage sludge

The results of evaluation of economic efficiency of grain corn cultivation in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, in which biofertilizers on the basis of sewage sludge (SS) of biological treatment plants (BTP) «Southern» and «Northern» Odessa with the addition of vegetable fillers winter and sunflower seed husks) with the participation of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Microbacterium barkeri LP-1 were used. The use of native SSs of both BTPs in comparison with the control increases the yield (by 0.7 t/ha or by 16.6% — BTP «Southern» and 1.0 t/ha or by 23.8% BTP «Northern») with an increase in costs per 1 hectare of sown area (3677 UAH or 40.4% — BTP «Southern» and 3703.2 UAH or 40.6% — BTP «Northern»). Under these conditions, the cost of 1 ton of product increases by UAH 500 UAH/t, which is 21.5% of BTP «Southern» and 351.4 UAH/t, which is 15.1% of BTP «North». In proportion to the growth of productivity, the amount of profit, which is UAH 853.4, also increased. UAH/ha or 3.8% of BTP «Southern» and 3001.3 UAH/ha, or 13.5% of BTP «North». As a result of additional costs associated with the use of organic fertilizers in the form of SSs, the level of profitability decreased by 26.0 percentage points. — BTP «Southern» and 19.2 percentage points. — BTP «North». Under the conditions of application of bioorganic fertilizer with straw in comparison with the absolute control, the grain yield of corn increases (by 1.5 t/ha or by 33.3% — BTP «Southern» and 2.2 t/ha or by 48.8% — BTP «Northern») with an increase in costs per 1 hectare of sown area (4221.7 UAH or 46.4% — BTP «Southern» and 4282.8 UAH or 47.0% — BTP «Northern»). In proportion to the increase in yield, the amount of profit, which amounts to UAH 6,034.6 / ha, also increased significantly. When applying bioorganic fertilizer with sunflower seed husk in comparison with absolute control, the grain yield of corn increases (by 1.5 t/ha or by 33.3% — BTP «Southern» and 2.3 t/ha or by 51.1 — BTP «Northern») with an increase in costs per 1 ha of sown area (4224.4 UAH or 46.4% — BTP «Southern» and 4294.2 UAH or 47.2% — BTP «Northern»). In proportion to the increase in yield, the amount of profit also increased significantly, amounting to UAH 6,032.0 / ha or 27.1% of BTP «Southern»and 11,760.3 UAH/ha, or 52.9% of BTP «Northern». Due to the outstripping growth of corn grain yield in comparison with the increase of costs when applying bioorganic fertilizer, the increase of indicators of economic efficiency of corn grain cultivation is achieved. The factors that underlie the increase in production efficiency — yield, profit and profitability.

Effects of novel bioorganic fertilizer application on soil enzymes and bacterial community in multi-site rice paddies in China

Application of a novel bioorganic fertilizer (BIO) has been effectively used to inhibit weeds in rice paddies. To identify changes in soil bacterial community and enzymes in response to BIO treatments, field experiments were carried out in five major rice-growing areas in China. The dominant phylogenetic groups recorded included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia- Shigella, Geobacter and Haliangium were significantly different between BIO-treatment and untreated control and aided in general function (R), amino acid transport, metabolism (E) and transcription (K) clusters. The soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were less affected by BIO at these study sites. RDA analysis showed that soil bacterial community had a significant positive correlations among northern latitude, eastern longitude, exchangeable K, total K, total P, soil pH, and total N, except for organic matter, hydrolytic N and extractable P. Overall, our work showed that application of BIO does not alter the main community structure and functional diversity of soil bacteria in rice paddies and should be encouraged for use as a sustainable weed management strategy.

Structural and Informational Model of Increasing the Biotransformation Intensity of the Liquid Fraction of Pork Liquid Manure

A method for intensifying environmentally friendly biotransformation of a liquid fraction of pork liquid manure into a bioorganic fertilizer based on a structural information model, which is the initial data for the development of digital solutions, is described. The theory of potential efficiency is used as the basic tool of the structural and information model. An information model of a digitalized control system is proposed as a basis for the development of software systems and intelligent control solutions.

Effects of novel bioorganic fertilizer application on soil enzymes and bacterial community in multi-site rice paddies in China

Application of the novel bioorganic fertilizer (BIO) is effectively used to inhibit weeds in rice paddies. To identify changes in soil bacterial community and enzymes in response to BIO treatments, field experiments were carried out in five major rice-growing areas in China. The dominant phylogenetic groups recorded included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Escgerichia- Shigella, Geobacter and Haliangium were significantly different and aided in general function (R), amino acid transport, metabolism (E) and transcription (K) clusters between BIO-treatment and untreated control. The soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were less affected by BIO at these study sites. RDA analysis showed that soil bacterial community had a significant positive correlations among northern latitude, eastern longitude, exchangeable K, total K, total P, soil pH, and total N, except for organic matter, hydrolytic N and extractable P. Overall, our work showed that application of BIO does not alter the main community structure and functional diversity of soil bacterial in rice paddies and should be encouraged for use as a sustainable weed management strategy.