scholarly journals Vernalization Duration and Light Intensity Influence Flowering of Three Hybrid Nobile Dendrobium Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Lin ◽  
Terri W. Starman ◽  
Yin-Tung Wang ◽  
Genhua Niu
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Delayed Flowering

The flowering time and flower quality of three hybrid Dendrobium nobile cultivars in relation to light intensity during cooling and duration of vernalization were studied in the first experiment. Mature Dendrobium Red Emperor ‘Prince’, Den. Sea Mary ‘Snow King’, and Den. Love Memory ‘Fizz’ plants were vernalized at 10 °C under 300 to 350 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (12-h photoperiod) or darkness, each with four cooling durations (2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks). Plants were forced in a greenhouse after vernalization. At least 4 weeks of 10 °C cooling in light was needed for complete flower initiation of Den. Red Emperor ‘Prince’, whereas Den. Sea Mary ‘Snow King’ and Den. Love Memory ‘Fizz’ only needed 2 weeks of 10 °C cooling regardless of light. For all three cultivars, darkness during vernalization slightly delayed flowering and resulted in fewer but larger flowers. Longer cooling duration delayed flowering, decreased flower longevity, and produced more and larger flowers. In a second experiment, Den. Love Memory ‘Fizz’ plants were vernalized at 15 °C for 4 weeks under a 12-h photoperiod and PPF of 0, 50, 100, or 200 μmol·m−2·s−1. Compared with 200 μmol·m−2·s−1, low PPF at 50 or 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 did not affect flowering time or flower qualities; however, darkness delayed flowering and reduced flower qualities except flower diameter.

scholarly journals Influence of Cultivar and Seasonal Growing Environment on Growth and Postharvest Characteristics of Single-shoot Pot Rose Plants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
José Antonio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
Harvey J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Photon Flux ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Growing Conditions

Rooted liners of pot rose (Rosa L.) cultivars Meiferjac, Meigagul, Meighivon, Meishulo, Ruijef, Ruidodo, and Ruirosora were used to study the influence of cultivar and seasonal growing environment on growth and postharvest performance. Single-shoot plants were grown in controlled environment chambers simulating summer (30 °C day/21 °C night cycle with a 14-hour photoperiod) and winter (21 °C day/16 °C night cycle with a 10-hour photoperiod) greenhouse growing conditions. At flower developmental stage 2 (showing color, calyx reflexing, no petals reflexed), the plants were placed in a continuously lighted simulated interior evaluation room at 21 ± 1 °C under 15 μmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux from cool-white fluorescent lamps for postharvest evaluations. Plants had quicker flowering, smaller flower diameter, more compact growth, and smaller leaf area when grown under the summer environment compared to the winter environment. Most cultivars exhibited greater flower longevity on summer-grown plants when compared to winter-grown ones. `Ruirosora' did not exhibit this difference due to exceptional longevity on winter-grown plants. Also, the use of single-shoot plants was shown to be a potentially useful way to increase replication in small growing environments such as growth chambers.

scholarly journals Influence of gibberellic acid on the physiology and flower quality of gerbera and lily cut flowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Yahia Othman ◽  
◽  
Malik Al-Ajlouni ◽  
Tala A’saf ◽  
Hanadi Sawalha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Pedicel Length ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Flower Quality

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of different foliar gibberellic acid (GA3) levels (0, 10, 50, and 200 mg L-1) and application timing on the growth, physiology (chlorophyll and gas exchange) and flower quality of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cvs. Beaudine and Palm Beach) and Asiatic lily (Lilium × elegans cvs. Fangio and Eldivo). The application of GA3 (50 mg L-1) increased (p < 0.05) gerbera shoot height (30%), pedicel length (20%), and vase life (12.5%) and decreased the number of days to flowering (7%) compared to the control. GA3 application at the seedling stage increased pedicel length and flower diameter compared to GA3 treatment at the flower initiation stage. However, the chlorophyll content index, photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) were similar across the study period. For Asiatic lily, 10 and 50 mg L-1 were the best GA3 levels in terms of leaf gs, E and flower diameter. Compared to 0, 10 and 50 mg L-1-GA3, 200 mg L-1-GA3 decreased the number of days to flowering. Overall, the application of 50 mg L-1-GA3 to gerbera and lily cultivars at the seedling stage can potentially improve flower quality and shorten the number of days to flowering.

scholarly journals Effect of plant density on stem and flower quality of single-stem ornamental sunflower genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Emina Mladenović ◽  
Sandra Cvejić ◽  
Siniša Jocić ◽  
Nemanja Ćuk ◽  
Jelena Čukanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Ammi Analysis ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Flower Quality

The aim of this research was to determine the optimum planting density for the production of high-quality cut flowers with desirable characteristics. 25 single-stem ornamental sunflower genotypes were planted at different densities and evaluated for flowering time, flower diameter, and stem circumference and length over a two-year production cycle. Three spacing patterns were used: 25 × 25 cm, 30 × 30 cm, and 70 × 30 cm, which led to the planting densities of 160 000, 90 000, and 60 000 plants/ha, respectively. The plant density had the most important effect on the stem circumference, flower diameter, and stem length (total variation 52, 60, and 58%, AMMI analysis) and a small effect on the flowering time (total variation 1%, AMMI analysis). Based on environment-focused scaling, all high-density environments could be suitable for the production of single-stem sunflower genotypes. The results demonstrated the adaptation of several sunflower genotypes G9, G11, G12, G21, and G22 as the most suitable based on the optimum flower diameter, stem circumference, and stem length. These results may lead to progress in growing ornamental sunflowers as a cut flower.

scholarly journals Gibberellin4+7, Benzyladenine, and Supplemental Light Improve Postharvest Leaf and Flower Quality of Cold-stored `Stargazer' Hybrid Lilies

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil P. Ranwala ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Bud Opening ◽  
Flower Quality

Experiments were conducted to evaluate storage temperature, storage irradiance and prestorage foliar sprays of gibberellin, cytokinin or both on postharvest quality of Oriental hybrid lilies (Lilium sp. `Stargazer'). Cold storage of puffy bud stage plants at 4, 7, or 10 °C in dark for 2 weeks induced leaf chlorosis within 4 days in a simulated consumer environment, and resulted in 60% leaf chlorosis and 40% leaf abscission by 20 days. Cold storage also reduced the duration to flower bud opening (days from the end of cold storage till the last flower bud opened), inflorescence and flower longevity, and increased flower bud abortion. Storage at 1 °C resulted in severe leaf injury and 100% bud abortion. Providing light up to 40 μmol·m-2·s-1 during cold storage at 4 °C significantly delayed leaf chlorosis and abscission and increased the duration of flower bud opening, inflorescence and flower longevity, and reduced bud abortion. Application of hormone sprays before cold storage affected leaf and flower quality. ProVide (100 mg·L-1 GA4+7) and Promalin (100 mg·L-1 each GA4+7 and benzyladenine (BA)) effectively prevented leaf chlorosis and abscission at 4 °C while ProGibb (100 mg·L-1 GA3) and ABG-3062 (100 mg·L-1 BA) did not. Accel (10 mg·L-1 GA4+7 and 100 mg·L-1 BA) showed intermediate effects on leaf chlorosis. Flower longevity was increased and bud abortion was prevented by all hormone formulations except ProGibb. The combination of light (40 μmol·m-2·s-1) and Promalin (100 mg·L-1 each GA4+7 and BA) completely prevented cold storage induced leaf chlorosis and abscission.

The effect of leaf removal on flowering time in subterranean clover

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Collins ◽  
Y Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance

The removal of fully expanded leaves delayed flowering by up to 30 days in subterranean clover cv. Mt. Barker sown in winter at Melbourne (38�S.). This effect on flowering was attributable partly to a delay in flower initiation and partly to a slower rate of leaf appearance after flower initiation. Thus leaf removal may be added to the factors already known to influence flower initiation in subterranean clover. When plants were grown under a 24 hr photoperiod. leaf removal had no effect on flower initiation; the slight delay that leaf removal caused in flowering was therefore due entirely to its effect in reducing the rate of leaf appearance. In other experiments leaf removal delayed the time of flower initiation but had no effect on the rate of leaf appearance. The effect of leaf removal on the time of flowering on the main shoot in lateral-dominant plants (as occur in the field) was qualitatively the same as in plants from which the laterals had been removed. Grazing management of subterranean clover which results in severe defoliation during early growth may delay flowering to such an extent that seed production is reduced substantially, and persistence thereby prejudiced.

scholarly journals Increasing nutrient levels promote growth and flower quality in lilies grown under soilless culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik G. Al-Ajlouni ◽  
Jamal Y. Ayad ◽  
Yahia A. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Doses

This research was aimed at assessing the impact of different doses of nutrients on growth and flower quality of the Asiatic hybrid Lilium ((Lilium × elegans Thunb.) cv. ‘Fangio’) under the soilless culture. Five nutrient (fertigation) regimes were applied (T1: daily, T2: twice a week, T3: weekly, T4: twice a month and T5: control). Increasing the nutrient supply increased chlorophyll content index (SPAD, 45–93%), leaf area (30–55%), number of flowers per plant (25–67%) and substrate electrical conductivity (EC: 28–300%) compared to control. Although T3 (weekly nutrient supply) had lower shoot N, P, K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>+2</sup> concentrations than T1, this regimen increased the number of flower buds by 20% and flower longevity by 56% compared to T1. Overall, weekly nutrient application is effective at maintaining flower quality and yield in the ‘Fangio’ lily, and compares favourably with programs in which fertigation is more frequent and the level of total applied nutrients is higher.

scholarly journals Postharvest responses of Carnation cut flowers to Prunus cerasoides mediated silver nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1818-1827
Author(s):  
Tu Thi Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Preservative Solution ◽  
Prunus Cerasoides ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Flower Quality

Introduction: The procedure to synthesize silver nanoparticles (SNPs) from Prunus cerasoides leaf extract and their effect on vase life and flower quality of cut carnation were investigated. Methods: SNPs were bio-synthesized from Prunus cerasoides leaf extract and characterized by using UV-Vis technique, TEM, and SEM images. The postharvest responses of carnation cut flowers to the biosynthesis SNPs were evaluated through vase life, relative fresh weight, vase solution uptake, flower diameter of cut carnation. Results: SNPs were synthesized under optimum conditions, including using the extract of leaf heating at 60 oC in 30 min, 4 mM of silver nitrate, pH of 11, and 180 min of reaction time. SNPs exhibited antimicrobial activity and then alleviated the bacterial development in the preservative solution. All treatments with SNPs had improved the vase life and quality of cut carnation compared to the control. A vase solution containing 2% sucrose enhanced the carnation cut flowers. Conclusions: The preservative solution containing 25 ppm SNPs and 2% sucrose showed the best effect. SNPs could be used as a promising antibacterial agent applied in the preservative solution for cut carnation flowers.

scholarly journals Temperature and Light Influence Growth and Flower Production in Heliconia `Golden Torch'

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn L. Catley ◽  
Ian R. Brooking
Keyword(s):  
Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
Shoot Emergence

Flowering responses of Heliconia psittacorum L.f. × H. spathocircinata Aristeguieta `Golden Torch' to temperature and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) were determined in controlled-environment conditions using a 2 × 2 factorial combination of temperature (32C day/20C night and 24C day/20C night) and PPF (475 and 710 μmol·m–2·s–1). Temperature had no significant effect on new shoot production, with an average of 9.3 shoots per plant being produced over the 248 days of treatment. More shoots, however, were produced at the higher PPF level (10.1 compared with 8.3 shoots). The proportion of shoots that initiated flowers (85%) was similar in all treatments. The duration from shoot until inflorescence emergence was significantly less at 32C day/20C night than at 24C day/20C night (140 and 146 days, respectively) and was unaffected by PPF. This duration also was significantly affected by the interacting effects of order of shoot appearance and the number of leaves subtending the inflorescence. The second shoots to emerge had the shortest duration from shoot emergence to inflorescence emergence. The number of leaves subtending the inflorescence increased at the higher temperature and decreased as shoot order increased but was unaffected by PPF. Temperature and PPF levels influenced total leaf area at flowering, with highest areas being achieved in the high temperature–low PPF combination. Acceptable flower quality with at least two, opened, well-formed, well-colored bracts was obtained in all treatments, although flower stems were taller and thicker at 32C day/20C night and these dimensions increased further with increasing order of shoot appearance. Stem diameters tended to be thinner at the lower PPF level. Overall, temperature was more dominant than light in influencing production and quality of flowers, but developmental factors associated with the order of shoot appearance also played a significant role. Flower production of `Golden Torch' should be feasible in temperature-controlled glasshouses in temperate regions where mean air temperatures can be maintained at ≈20C.

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