scholarly journals Reaction of Peach Genotypes to Bacterial Leaf Spot: Correlations with Environmental Conditions, Leaf Phenology, and Morphology

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos R. Sachet ◽  
Idemir Citadin ◽  
Silvia Scariotto ◽  
Idalmir dos Santos ◽  
Pedro H. Zydek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Healthy Leaf ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection Environment ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

In breeding programs, it is essential to understand how characteristics are expressed by the germplasm in relation to the selection environment. The reactions of 15 peach genotypes to bacterial leaf spot (BLS) during three growing seasons (2008–09, 2009–10, and 2010–11) were investigated. Quantitative assessments were made from three plants per genotype through a modified healthy leaf area duration (HAD) method. None of the genotypes were immune to the disease. The most resistant were ‘Cascata 1055’, ‘Conserva 985’, ‘Cascata 967’, and ‘Cascata 1065’. There was a reduction in HAD with increased precipitation. The leaf dry matter (g/leaf), leaf blade length, leaf length (with petiole), and leaf area (cm2/leaf) were inversely correlated with genotype resistance to BLS. The HADs of susceptible genotypes were influenced by the number of wet days regardless of temperature. The most susceptible genotypes were those with earlier budburst and fruit ripening. A shorter duration of healthy leaf area was related to earlier budburst and flowering in the subsequent year. We found no relationship between HAD and productivity.

scholarly journals Heritability of peach tree resistance to bacterial leaf spot

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Varago ◽  
Idemir Citadin ◽  
Marcos Robson Sachet ◽  
Gener Augusto Penso ◽  
Maria do Carmo Bassols Raseira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Xanthomonas Arboricola

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the broad-sense heritability reaction to bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni), in peach tree populations obtained from directed crosses. Disease severity and defoliation of the genotypes were evaluated in field conditions, with posterior measurement of the healthy leaf area duration (HAD). The observed average heritability (0.51) indicates that the use of the evaluated genitors can be effective for the development of cultivars with higher resistance to the disease.

scholarly journals Measurement and Modeling of Carbon Balance of Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 551B-551
Author(s):  
Alan N. Lakso
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
High Record ◽  
Very High

Apples have very high record yields (about 140 tons/ha sustained) that demand large amounts of carbon to be produced and partitioned into both fruit and vegetative structures. Even though large quantities of dry matter can be produced, profitability depends on the management of the carbon production and partitioning to produce the optimal balance of yield and fruit quality. The productivity is mostly related to moderate photosynthesis rates per leaf area, long leaf area duration, high seasonal radiation interception, relatively low respiration, and very high harvest index. Due to the perennial nature and large size, few good estimates of seasonal carbon balance are available. Models have been developed, but are not wellvalidated yet, but general seasonal trends are apparent. Daily net CO2 exchange begins negative with early spring growth, reaches zero near bloom, peaks about 6 to 10 weeks after bloom, then gradually declines until leaf fall. The demand of the fruit appears to increase exponentially during cell division, then levels off to a relatively constant demand until harvest. Experiments and modeling suggests that if fruit development is limited by carbon availability, the probability increases in heavily cropping trees, and will occur at about 2 to 4 weeks after bloom and before harvest. Best carbon balance appears to occur in relatively cool temperatures and in very long seasons.

Leaf area duration in natural range and exotic Pinus taeda

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
José Luiz Stape ◽  
Thomas R. Fox ◽  
Rafael A. Rubilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
The One

Exotic Pinus taeda L. plantations may be more productive than native ones. Several hypotheses may explain this difference; however, process models with a light-interception-driving variable cannot test these hypotheses without foliage display first being quantified in native and exotic trees. We quantified leaf area duration in North Carolina, USA (natural), and Gobernador Virasoro, Argentina (exotic), with no additional nutrients and optimum fertilizer treatments. More (60%–100%) foliage was displayed but for a shorter (∼86 fewer days) time per fascicle in the exotics than in the naturals. Study inference was limited, with only one native and one exotic site. However, while the sites were markedly different in soils, climate, resource availability, and genetics, and we observed significant differences in fascicle display and longevity, most fascicles at both sites survived two growing seasons: the one in which they were produced and the subsequent one. This robust finding indicates it would be reasonable to use two growing seasons for fascicle longevity in process modeling to test hypotheses explaining growth differences in native and exotic loblolly. Fertilization had no effect on any exotic tree parameter, but it increased natural tree fascicle number (24%) and length (30%).

The sources of assimilate for grain development in tall and short sorghum

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Goldsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Different Parts

SUMMARYThe dry weight contributed to the grain yield of sorghum by different parts of the plant was measured by removing laminae and by shading the head. A Nigerian tall variety formed more dry weight after heading and had a larger leaf area duration than a short-season, hybrid sorghum, but its grain yield was smaller. Laminae contributed more than 80% of the dry weight formed after heading in the Nigerian sorghum but less than half of this went into the grain. The remainder went into the stem, mainly to replace respiratory losses, or accumulated in the rachis and branches of the head. Top, middle and bottom groups of laminae contributed 42, 22 and 12% respectively to the dry weight of the grain; the remaining 24% was contributed by the sheaths. In the short-season hybrid sorghum over 70% of the dry matter formed after heading was stored in the grain. Only about half of this came from the laminae; assimilation in the head and in the sheaths contributed about equally to the remainder.

Photosynthetic Performance of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Subject to Water Deficit Regulated with Mulched Drip Irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2130-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Jia Zhang ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of mulched drip irrigation under water deficit on leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), dry matter (DM) and relative growth rate (RGR) of potato in an arid environment. Five water deficit treatments and a full irrigation control were established to subject potato to various levels of soil water deficit at different crop growth stages. The result indicated that potato LAI and LAD at all the determined growth stages were not reduced under water deficit regulation. Additionally, the DM and RGR at starch accumulation were not significantly decreased under water deficit either. Therefore, medium soil water deficit regulated at 55%~65% of field capacity with mulched drip irrigation at potato tuber initiation could be used to effectively improve leaf area index, leaf area duration, dry matter and relative growth rate of plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation efficiency of severity of angular leaf spot in common bean based on diseased and healthy leaf area

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella ◽  
João Bosco dos Santos ◽  
Nádia Nardely Lacerda Durães Parrella ◽  
Diego Velásquez Faleiro e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Diseased Leaf ◽  
Healthy Leaf ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Diseased Leaf Area ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

This study compared severity of angular leaf spot in common bean lines, based on the healthy and diseased leaf area, and the graded scale. We used 12 common bean lines in the dry and rainy seasons. Two contiguous experiments were conducted in each season, with and without chemical control of the pathogen. We evaluated the percentage of the healthy and diseased leaf area; severity based on a graded scale and the area under the disease progress curve; and yield. The diseased or healthy leaf area is efficient to evaluate the severity of angular leaf spot with a sample of 20 to 30 leaflets per plot. For all traits, the results of central and border areas did not differ, indicating that the evaluation of border rows is unnecessary and, finally, the severity assessment of the upper plant half can discriminate the lines more efficiently.

scholarly journals Soybean Physiology and Yield Response to Seed Rate and Sowing Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
S. Madhana Keerthana ◽  
R. Shiv Ramakrishnan ◽  
Nidhi Pathak ◽  
Dibakar Ghosh ◽  
G. K. Koutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Productive Environment

The soybean crop is highly sensitive to climate change associated events viz., global warming, drought, and water-logging at the time of highly sensitive flowering and grain filling stage, causing a shortfall in production and supply of quality seed to the country. Under prevailing high-density planting, at the seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 and flatbed sowing method, plant growth is restricted due to limitation of radiation and nutrients. Hence, the seed rate and sowing method need revision in an era of climate change. Therefore, we hypothesized that adopting a lower seed rate under ridges and furrow sowing would improve seed yield and quality over the prevailing seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 and flatbed sowing method. In order to test our hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of various seed rates and sowing methods on growth and productivity of soybean. Studies revealed that a seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 shows superiority in terms of seed yield (3873.70 kg ha-1) which was at par with 60 kg ha-1 (3359.40 kg ha-1). Lower seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 was superior in terms of seed yield per plant (8.99 g plant-1), biological yield (6310 kg ha-1), Harvest index (35.69%), dry matter accumulation in pods at 61 DAS (1.74 g). Ridges and furrow sowing method was found superior for biological yield (26.33 g plant-1) and (6958.90 kg ha-1), dry matter accumulation in pods at 61 DAS (1.84 g), Leaf Area Duration at 71 DAS (19535.00 cm2.days). Interaction studies revealed that 60 kg ha-1 seed rate with ridge and furrow stand superior in terms of seed yield per plant 10.65 g plant-1 which was attributed to maximum harvest index (29.58%), dry matter accumulation in pod at 61 DAS (2.13 g), Leaf Area Duration at 71-81 DAS (22069.00 cm2.days). In contrary, highest seed yield(4018.89 kg ha-1) was observed for seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 with flat bed sowing. Hence it can be concluded that, under low productive environment the efficient dry matter accumulation, leaf area development and number of branches under low density planting will not compensate for the higher plant stand induced yield increment due to high density planting. Therefore, higher seed rate of 70 kg/ha with ridge and furrow sowing will be recommended to the farmers to get higher yield of soybean under rainfed and low productive environment.

scholarly journals Growth and Dry Matter Produc tion of Soybean as Influenced by Beneficial Microorganisms Under Field Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraja ◽  
M Srikantaiah ◽  
S Umesha ◽  
K Prasanna ◽  
R Lakshmipathi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Glycine Max L

A field experiment was conducted to know the Growth and dry matter as influenced beneficial microorganisms on Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) under field conditions in farmer field at Gouribidanurduring kharif 2012. The experiment was laid out randomized completely block design with twelve treatments and three replication. The results of this treatment having application of 100 % NPK + Bradyrhizobium + Aspergillusniger + VAM (T11) recorded highest growth parameter like branches at 30, 60 days after sowing and at harvest (4.84, 7.79 and 9.76 cm respectively), leaf area at 30, 60 days after sowing and at harvest (537.41, 999.57 and 1211.94 cm2respectively), Leaf area duration at 30, 60 days after sowing and at harvest (26.99, 73.13 and 30.60 days respectively) and total dry matter at 30, 60 days after sowing and at harvest (3.36, 27.23 and 32.73 g plant-1 respectively)compare to treatment having control. The finding of this study was combined application of biofertlizersgives higher growth parameter and total dry matter of soybean under field condition.

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