Leaf Area Duration and Total Dry Matter Responses of Cotton to Integrated Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Scheduling

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Maqsood ◽  
Mahmood-ul-Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

scholarly journals Measurement and Modeling of Carbon Balance of Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 551B-551
Author(s):  
Alan N. Lakso
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
High Record ◽  
Very High

Apples have very high record yields (about 140 tons/ha sustained) that demand large amounts of carbon to be produced and partitioned into both fruit and vegetative structures. Even though large quantities of dry matter can be produced, profitability depends on the management of the carbon production and partitioning to produce the optimal balance of yield and fruit quality. The productivity is mostly related to moderate photosynthesis rates per leaf area, long leaf area duration, high seasonal radiation interception, relatively low respiration, and very high harvest index. Due to the perennial nature and large size, few good estimates of seasonal carbon balance are available. Models have been developed, but are not wellvalidated yet, but general seasonal trends are apparent. Daily net CO2 exchange begins negative with early spring growth, reaches zero near bloom, peaks about 6 to 10 weeks after bloom, then gradually declines until leaf fall. The demand of the fruit appears to increase exponentially during cell division, then levels off to a relatively constant demand until harvest. Experiments and modeling suggests that if fruit development is limited by carbon availability, the probability increases in heavily cropping trees, and will occur at about 2 to 4 weeks after bloom and before harvest. Best carbon balance appears to occur in relatively cool temperatures and in very long seasons.

The sources of assimilate for grain development in tall and short sorghum

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Goldsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Different Parts

SUMMARYThe dry weight contributed to the grain yield of sorghum by different parts of the plant was measured by removing laminae and by shading the head. A Nigerian tall variety formed more dry weight after heading and had a larger leaf area duration than a short-season, hybrid sorghum, but its grain yield was smaller. Laminae contributed more than 80% of the dry weight formed after heading in the Nigerian sorghum but less than half of this went into the grain. The remainder went into the stem, mainly to replace respiratory losses, or accumulated in the rachis and branches of the head. Top, middle and bottom groups of laminae contributed 42, 22 and 12% respectively to the dry weight of the grain; the remaining 24% was contributed by the sheaths. In the short-season hybrid sorghum over 70% of the dry matter formed after heading was stored in the grain. Only about half of this came from the laminae; assimilation in the head and in the sheaths contributed about equally to the remainder.

Photosynthetic Performance of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Subject to Water Deficit Regulated with Mulched Drip Irrigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2130-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Jia Zhang ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of mulched drip irrigation under water deficit on leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), dry matter (DM) and relative growth rate (RGR) of potato in an arid environment. Five water deficit treatments and a full irrigation control were established to subject potato to various levels of soil water deficit at different crop growth stages. The result indicated that potato LAI and LAD at all the determined growth stages were not reduced under water deficit regulation. Additionally, the DM and RGR at starch accumulation were not significantly decreased under water deficit either. Therefore, medium soil water deficit regulated at 55%~65% of field capacity with mulched drip irrigation at potato tuber initiation could be used to effectively improve leaf area index, leaf area duration, dry matter and relative growth rate of plants.

scholarly journals Soybean Physiology and Yield Response to Seed Rate and Sowing Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
S. Madhana Keerthana ◽  
R. Shiv Ramakrishnan ◽  
Nidhi Pathak ◽  
Dibakar Ghosh ◽  
G. K. Koutu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Productive Environment

The soybean crop is highly sensitive to climate change associated events viz., global warming, drought, and water-logging at the time of highly sensitive flowering and grain filling stage, causing a shortfall in production and supply of quality seed to the country. Under prevailing high-density planting, at the seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 and flatbed sowing method, plant growth is restricted due to limitation of radiation and nutrients. Hence, the seed rate and sowing method need revision in an era of climate change. Therefore, we hypothesized that adopting a lower seed rate under ridges and furrow sowing would improve seed yield and quality over the prevailing seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 and flatbed sowing method. In order to test our hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of various seed rates and sowing methods on growth and productivity of soybean. Studies revealed that a seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 shows superiority in terms of seed yield (3873.70 kg ha-1) which was at par with 60 kg ha-1 (3359.40 kg ha-1). Lower seed rate of 60 kg ha-1 was superior in terms of seed yield per plant (8.99 g plant-1), biological yield (6310 kg ha-1), Harvest index (35.69%), dry matter accumulation in pods at 61 DAS (1.74 g). Ridges and furrow sowing method was found superior for biological yield (26.33 g plant-1) and (6958.90 kg ha-1), dry matter accumulation in pods at 61 DAS (1.84 g), Leaf Area Duration at 71 DAS (19535.00 cm2.days). Interaction studies revealed that 60 kg ha-1 seed rate with ridge and furrow stand superior in terms of seed yield per plant 10.65 g plant-1 which was attributed to maximum harvest index (29.58%), dry matter accumulation in pod at 61 DAS (2.13 g), Leaf Area Duration at 71-81 DAS (22069.00 cm2.days). In contrary, highest seed yield(4018.89 kg ha-1) was observed for seed rate of 70 kg ha-1 with flat bed sowing. Hence it can be concluded that, under low productive environment the efficient dry matter accumulation, leaf area development and number of branches under low density planting will not compensate for the higher plant stand induced yield increment due to high density planting. Therefore, higher seed rate of 70 kg/ha with ridge and furrow sowing will be recommended to the farmers to get higher yield of soybean under rainfed and low productive environment.

scholarly journals Growth and Dry Matter Produc tion of Soybean as Influenced by Beneficial Microorganisms Under Field Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraja ◽  
M Srikantaiah ◽  
S Umesha ◽  
K Prasanna ◽  
R Lakshmipathi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Glycine Max L

A field experiment was conducted to know the Growth and dry matter as influenced beneficial microorganisms on Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) under field conditions in farmer field at Gouribidanurduring kharif 2012. The experiment was laid out randomized completely block design with twelve treatments and three replication. The results of this treatment having application of 100 % NPK + Bradyrhizobium + Aspergillusniger + VAM (T11) recorded highest growth parameter like branches at 30, 60 days after sowing and at harvest (4.84, 7.79 and 9.76 cm respectively), leaf area at 30, 60 days after sowing and at harvest (537.41, 999.57 and 1211.94 cm2respectively), Leaf area duration at 30, 60 days after sowing and at harvest (26.99, 73.13 and 30.60 days respectively) and total dry matter at 30, 60 days after sowing and at harvest (3.36, 27.23 and 32.73 g plant-1 respectively)compare to treatment having control. The finding of this study was combined application of biofertlizersgives higher growth parameter and total dry matter of soybean under field condition.

scholarly journals Application of insect-proof nets in pesticide-free rice creates an altered microclimate and differential agronomic performance

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoying Yang ◽  
Zhi Guo ◽  
Hongting Ji ◽  
Jing Sheng ◽  
Liugen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Proof Nets ◽  
Air Speed

BackgroundInsect-proof nets are commonly used in crop production and scientific research because of their environmental, economic, and agronomic benefits. However, insect-proof nets can unintentionally alter the microclimate inside the screenhouse and therefore greatly affect plant growth and yield. To examine the microclimate and agronomic performance of pesticide-free rice under insect-proof nets, two-year field experiments were carried out in 2011 and 2012.MethodsIn the present study, the experiment was conducted by using a split-plot design considering the cultivation environment (open field cultivation (OFC) and insect-proof nets cultivation (IPNC)) as the main plot and the varieties as the subplot (Suxiangjing3 and Nanjing44).ResultsIPNC significantly reduced the air speed and solar radiation, and slightly increased the daytime soil temperature, daytime air temperature, and nighttime relative humidity. By contrast, the nighttime soil temperature, nighttime air temperature, and daytime relative humidity were relatively unaffected. The grain yield of both rice cultivars decreased significantly under IPNC, which was largely attributed to the reduced panicle number. The reduced panicle number was largely associated with the decreased maximum tiller number, which was positively correlated with the tillering rate, time of tillering onset, and tillering cessation for both rice cultivars under IPNC. In addition, dry matter accumulation significantly decreased for both rice cultivars under IPNC, which was mainly caused by the decreased leaf area duration resulting from the reduced leaf area index. By contrast, the mean net assimilation rate was relatively unaffected by IPNC.DiscussionInsect-proof nets altered the microclimate in comparison with OFC by reducing the air speed and changing the radiation regime, which significantly affected dry matter production and yield of both japonica rice cultivars. Our results indicated that cultivation measures that could increase the tillering rate and the maximum tiller number under IPNC would lead to a significant increase in panicle number, ultimately increasing grain yield. In addition, maintaining a high leaf area duration by increasing the leaf area index would be important to compensate for the dry matter accumulation losses under IPNC. These findings are critical to provide a theoretical basis for improving agronomic performance of pesticide-free rice under IPNC.

Effects of Day and Night Temperature on Goatsrue (Galega officinalis) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Galega Officinalis ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Noxious Weed

Goatsrue, a perennial legume, is an exotic noxious weed currently found in the United States only in Cache County, Utah. It infests irrigated pastures, alfalfa fields, and noncropland areas. In order to compare their responses to temperature, goatsrue and alfalfa were grown in artificially illuminated controlled-environment chambers in 16 day/night temperature regimes ranging from 15/4 to 36/25 C. Growth analysis was used to evaluate effects of temperature on dry matter accumulation, leaf area production, and biomass allocation. Both species grew best at day/night temperatures of 22/25, 29/ 18, and 29/25 C. Leaf appearance rates were linearly related to mean daily temperature. Goatsrue produced fewer but larger leaves and a greater total leaf area than alfalfa. Biomass partitioning to leaves was greater in goatsrue, whereas partitioning to stems was greater in alfalfa. Response of vegetative dry matter production to temperature closely paralleled response of leaf area duration in both species. Alfalfa generally had a higher net assimilation rate, but the greater leaf area duration of goatsrue resulted in greater dry matter accumulation in this species after 50 d of growth. Overall responses to temperature were similar in the two species. Thus it seems likely that goatsrue could become a much more widely distributed weed in alfalfa.

The effects of seed size and spacing on growth and yield of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta)

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spacing Distance ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Bulking Rate

SUMMARYThe effects of seed size and spacing on growth, development and yield of lesser yam and the relationship between growth, development and yield in this yam variety were investigated in the 1967 and 1968 growing seasons. Larger seeds outyielded smaller ones both in the total and ware tuber yields. The seed size effect was associated with a difference in tuber number, leaf area duration and bulking rate. Mean tuber weight at harvest, decreased with the decrease in seed size. Total and ware tuber yields increased with the decrease in spacing distance. The spacing effect was associated with differences in leaf area duration and bulking rate per unit area. Final total dry matter produced per plant increased with the increase in both seed size and spacing distance but the dry matter produced per unit area decreased with the increase in spacing distance. Leaf area index and leaf area duration increased with an increase in seed size and decreased with increase in spacing distance. There was a greater positive relationship between total tuber yield and leaf area duration between tuber initiation and the final sampling period than that between it and absolute leaf area duration.

Leaf area and transpiration efficiency during different growth stages in oats

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
It Efficiency

SUMMARYDry matter production, transpiration and transpiration efficiency (DM production: transpiration) were studied during vegetative growth of oats over 4 years (1976–77 and 1982–83) in field experiments on loess-derived soils near Gottingen, Germany, under different weather conditions. Shoot and root dry matter and leaf area were measured or estimated regularly during the season. The rate of evapotranspiration including intercepted rain water by leaves (ET) was determined during five consecutive growth stages from the water balance in the 2 m soil profile. The rate of soil evaporation (E) and the rate at which rain water was intercepted by leaves (I) were estimated separately in order to attain T, the transpiration rate (T = ET–E–I), or IT, the rate of interception of rain water by leaves plus transpiration (IT = ET–E). The potential evapotranspiration rate (ETp) was derived from meteorological parameters.During the early stages of oat development (seedling growth and tillering), T and IT, related to ETp, were higher than expected from crop growth rate (CGR), calculated for shoot and total dry matter including roots, respectively. It was concluded that, at a leaf area index (LAI) of < 3·4, part of the solar radiation was converted to sensible heat between plant rows, increasing ETp near the ground and hence T, but not CGR. Because of this, LAI influenced IT efficiency and the crop-specific constant m of de Wit's formula. IT efficiency was not only dependent on LAI but also on ETp. Grain yield was related to both cumulative IT (ITC), normalized by ET, and leaf area duration during the period from anthesis to harvest. Increased leaf area duration after anthesis may partly explain the higher yields obtained with modern high-yielding varieties of small-grained cereals.

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