Ploidy Level, Karyotype, and DNA Content in the Genus Lonicera

Ploidy levels and genome sizes have significant implications in plant evolution and crop improvement. Species of Lonicera L. have long been cultivated as medicinal, ornamental crops, or both. However, chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and DNA contents have only been documented in a few species, of which some controversies regarding basic chromosome numbers and karyotypes remain. This study analyzed the chromosome numbers and karyomorphology of 11 cultivars across four species and also the DNA content of 10 cultivars representing six species of Lonicera. Among them, the chromosome numbers of nine cultivars are reported for the first time. Results showed that the basic chromosome number of x = 9 was constant, and chromosome numbers of 2n = 18, 27, 36, or 54 were observed, suggesting that polyploidy exists in the genus. Five cultivars are diploid with 2n = 18; one cultivar is triploid, four are tetraploid, and one is hexaploid. The karyotypes of all studied cultivars are 3B or 3A, except Lonicera sempervirens ‘Crimson Cascade’ that is 2B based on the Stebbins’ asymmetry classification of karyotypes. The asymmetry index (A1) values vary from 0.47 to 0.60. The chromosome lengths range from 0.77 to 4.09 μm. Total karyotype lengths differ from 33.55 to 78.71 μm. The 1C-value of 10 cultivars varies 3-fold, ranging from 1.158 to 3.664 pg. Information gathered from this study could be valuable for improving breeding efficiency in the development of new cultivars of Lonicera with enhanced medicinal, ornamental value, or both.

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Chromosome Numbers of Rubus Species at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.7.1447 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1447-1452 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Maxine M. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Rubus Species ◽

Agricultural Research Service ◽

The U.S ◽

Research Service

The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, Ore., maintains Rubus germplasm representing worldwide diversity of the genus. Chromosome numbers were counted for 201 plants representing 124 taxa (species and varieties). There are new reports for 42 taxa, confirmation for 72 previously reported, and 10 counts for plants unidentified to species. The basic chromosome number was seven, and ploidy levels ranged from 2x to 12x.

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Morphological and Cytological Characterization of Five Porterweed (Stachytarpheta) Selections

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15594-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Renjuan Qian ◽

S. Brooks Parrish ◽

Sandra B. Wilson ◽

Gary W. Knox ◽

Zhanao Deng

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Pollen Stainability ◽

Flower Number ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Basic Chromosome

Porterweed (Stachytarpheta spp.), a member of the verbena family, is frequently used in pollinator gardens to attract butterflies. This study was conducted to assess the morphological features, pollen stainability and morphology, nuclear DNA content, and chromosome number of five porterweed selections. Coral porterweed (S. mutabilis), ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed (S. cayennensis × S. mutabilis ‘Violacea’), and nettleleaf porterweed (S. cayennensis) had the largest plant heights. Flower number was significantly higher in nettleleaf porterweed, jamaican porterweed (S. jamaicensis), and U*J3-2 porterweed (S. cayennensis × S. jamaicensis), with an average of 65–72 flowers per inflorescence. Internode length and flower width of jamaican porterweed had much lower values than the other selections. Coral porterweed recorded the lowest pollen stainability with only 10.6% stainability, but it had the largest relative pollen production. ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed had the highest DNA content with an average of 3.79 pg/2C, like jamaican porterweed with 3.73 pg/2C. Ploidy levels varied between selections, and the basic chromosome number was x = 28. Coral, jamaican, and ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed had 2n = 6x = 168 chromosomes, first reported in this genus. These results provide a guide and a new tool to distinguish native and non-native porterweed and may aid future breeding toward the production of noninvasive cultivars.

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Cytogenetic studies in some representatives of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in South Africa. 1. The tribe Aveneae, subtribe Aveninae

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v26i1.690 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. J. Spies ◽

S. K. Spies ◽

S. M. C. Van Wyk ◽

A. F. Malan ◽

E. J. L. Liebenberg

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

The World ◽

Cytogenetic Studies

This is a report on chromosome numbers for 14 species of the subtribe Aveninae. which is largely naturalized in South Africa. This is the first chromosome number report for Helictotrichon longifolium (Nees) Schweick. (n = 14). H. longum (Stapf)Schweick. (n = 14). H. namaquensis Schweick. (n = 14) and Lophochloa cristata (L.) Hyl. (n = 7, 21/2. 14). The subtribe has a basic chromosome number of seven, and fewer ploidy levels occur in the naturalized species in South Africa than in the same species in other parts of the world. All tetraploid specimens were alloploids.

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Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v19i1.948 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 125-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. J. Spies ◽

E. J. L. Saayman ◽

S. P. Voges ◽

G. Davidse

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Ploidy Level ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

B Chromosomes ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

African Plants ◽

First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var. villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

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Nucleic acid content and Chromosome morphology in Chrysanthemum

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300002937 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 241-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G. J. Dowrick ◽

A. S. El Bayoumi

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Dna Content ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Chromosome Morphology ◽

Nucleic Acid Content ◽

Chromosome Size ◽

Dna Contents ◽

The Relationship

1. The DNA contents of twenty-eight different species and forms of Chrysanthemum have been measured by photometry. It is shown that there are large differences in DNA content between some species with identical chromosome numbers.2. The DNA contents of natural polyploids are frequently not those expected when comparison is made with diploid forms of the same species. The DNA contents of induced polyploids are those expected.3. Chromosome length and volume are positively correlated with DNA content.4. The relationship between chromosome number, chromosome size, DNA content and gene number is considered, and it is suggested that the differences in DNA content may result from the presence of differing amounts of genetically inactive DNA in the chromosomes.

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Karyotype analysis, DNA content and molecular screening in Lippia alba (Verbenaceae)

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652011005000012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 993-1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Patrícia M.O. Pierre ◽

Saulo M. Sousa ◽

Lisete C. Davide ◽

Marco A. Machado ◽

Lyderson F. Viccini

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Dna Content ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Lippia Alba

Cytogenetic analyses, of pollen viability, nuclear DNA content and RAPD markers were employed to study three chemotypes of Lippia alba (Mill.) (Verbenaceae) in order to understand the genetic variation among them. Different ploidy levels and mixoploid individuals were observed. This work comprises the first report of different chromosome numbers (cytotypes) in L. alba. The chromosome numbers of La2-carvone and La3-linalool chemotypes suggested that they are polyploids. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase of nuclear DNA content that was not directly proportional to ploidy level variation. A cluster analysis based on RAPD markers revealed that La3-linalool shares genetic markers with La1-citral and La2-carvone. The analysis showed that the majority of genetic variation of La3-linalool could be a consequence of ixoploidy. ur data indicates that sexual reproduction aong those three chemotypes is unlikely and suggests the beginning of reproductive isolation. The results demonstrated that chromosome analysis, nuclear DNA content estimation and RAPD markers constitute excellent tools for detecting genetic variation among L. alba chemotypes.

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Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of Echeveria (Crassulaceae)

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12121950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1950

Author(s):

Guadalupe Palomino ◽

Javier Martínez-Ramón ◽

Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo ◽

Miriam Ladd-Otero ◽

Patricia Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Ploidy Level ◽

Dna Content ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Root Tips ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Dna Amounts

Echeveria is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for Echeveria is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a variety of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Additionally, there are no studies concerning nuclear DNA content and the extent of endopolyploidy. This work aims to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of 23 species of Echeveria collected in 9 states of Mexico, analyzing 2n chromosome numbers, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and endopolyploidy levels. Chromosome numbers were obtained from root tips. DNA content was obtained from the leaf parenchyma, which was processed according to the two-step protocol with Otto solutions and propidium iodide as fluorochrome, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. From the 23 species of Echeveria analyzed, 16 species lacked previous reports of 2n chromosome numbers. The 2n chromosome numbers found and analyzed in this research for Echeveria species ranged from 24 to 270. The range of 2C nuclear DNA amounts ranged from 1.26 pg in E. catorce to 7.70 pg in E. roseiflora, while the 1C values were 616 Mbp and 753 Mbp, respectively, for the same species. However, differences in the level of endopolyploidy nuclei were found, corresponding to 4 endocycles (8C, 16C, 32C and 64C) in E. olivacea, E. catorce, E. juarezensis and E. perezcalixii. In contrast, E. longiflora presented 3 endocycles (8C, 16C and 32C) and E. roseiflora presented 2 endocycles (8C and 16C). It has been suggested that polyploidization and diploidization processes, together with the presence of endopolyploidy, allowed Echeveria species to adapt and colonize new adverse environments.

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Karyotype characterization and nuclear DNA content measurement in Bromeliaceae: State of the art and future perspectives

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201420140224 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 1849-1862 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ANDREI C.P. NUNES ◽

WELLINGTON R. CLARINDO

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Content Measurement ◽

2C Dna Content

In Bromeliaceae, cytogenetic and flow cytometry analyses have been performed to clarify systematic and evolutionary aspects. Karyotyping approaches have shown the relatively high chromosome number, similar morphology and small size of the chromosomes. These facts have prevented a correct chromosome counting and characterization. Authors have established a basic chromosome number of x = 25 for Bromeliaceae. Recently, one karyomorphological analysis revealed that x = 25 is no longer the basic chromosome number, whose genome may have a polyploid origin. Besides cytogenetic characterization, the 2C DNA content of bromeliads has been measured. Nuclear DNA content has varied from 2C = 0.60 to 2C = 3.34 picograms. Thus, in relation to most angiosperms, the 2C DNA content of Bromeliaceae species as well as their chromosome size can be considered relatively small. In spite of some advances, cytogenetic and flow cytometry data are extremely scarce in this group. In this context, this review reports the state of the art in karyotype characterization and nuclear DNA content measurement in Bromeliaceae, emphasizing the main problems and suggesting prospective solutions and ideas for future research.

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Chromosome numbers in some species of Trifolium

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9690883 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 883 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

AJ Pritchard

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

First Time

The chromosome numbers of 31 species of Trifolium are reported, 18 for the first time. A reduction in basic chromosome number has occurred only in the three most highly specialized subgenera, and polyploids occur mainly in one of the more primitive subgenera.

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Determination of basic chromosome numbers in the genus Saccharum by physical mapping of ribosomal RNA genes

Genome ◽

10.1139/g98-023 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 221-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Angélique D'Hont ◽

David Ison ◽

Karine Alix ◽

Catherine Roux ◽

Jean Christophe Glaszmann

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Rdna Sites ◽

Rna Genes

18S-5.6S-25S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites were located by in situ hybridization to the three main species of the Saccharum genus. For each species and each rDNA family, the position and number of sites in the various cytotypes suggested the presence of one locus and basic chromosome numbers of 10 for Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum robustum and\i 8 forSaccharum spontaneum. The implications of these results for the genetic maps of modern cultivars derived from crosses between the species S. officinarum and S. spontaneum are discussed.Key words: sugarcane, Saccharum, 18S-5.6S-25S rRNA, 5S rRNA, basic chromosome number, in situ hybridization.

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