scholarly journals Combatting Rose Rosette Disease with Volunteer Involvement in the Monitoring Effort

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Ong ◽  
Madalyn Shires ◽  
Holly Jarvis Whitaker ◽  
Jennifer Olson ◽  
Joseph LaForest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Monitoring Effort ◽  
Rose Rosette ◽  
Rose Rosette Disease

Rose rosette disease (RRD) was first reported on the North American continent in the early 1940s. In 2011, the causal agent of this disease was identified and described—the Rose rosette virus (RRV). In the last 10 years, RRD has gained widespread notoriety because of disease symptoms appearing on many roses which are used frequently in landscape plantings, both commercial and residential. Much of the prior scientific work on this disease was carried out on the multiflora rose. Currently, the disease issues are on cultivated roses within which no cultivar has been confirmed to be resistant. There is an information gap in our knowledge of the pathogen, vector, and the disease on cultivated roses. Our goals for this project are to seek and identify potential disease tolerance or resistance in roses and increasing public awareness and knowledge of RRD with the purpose of reducing the disease spread with best management practices. Outreach and volunteer recruitment are key activities used to provide scientifically sound information, to establish the current disease range and to actively gather observational reports of RRD to identify resistant rose sources. Elements of these activities include educational meetings, factsheets, posters, and workshops where RRD symptoms recognition is emphasized. A web-based reporting tool was developed to capture observations from volunteers while continually keeping them engaged. It is hoped that through outreach and the collective monitoring effort, researchers will have access to information that contributes to a better understanding of RRD and will find disease-resistant roses that could be used in breeding programs for the continued enjoyment of roses.

scholarly journals What is Rose Rosette Disease?

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
Kevin Ong ◽  
Mark Windham ◽  
Jennifer Olson ◽  
David H. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Rose Rosette ◽  
Rose Rosette Disease

Rose rosette disease (RRD) is incited by a negative-sense RNA virus (genus Emaravirus), which is vectored by a wind-transported eriophyid mite (Phyllocoptes fructiphilus). Symptoms include witches broom/rosette-type growth, excessive prickles (thorns), discolored and distorted growth, and, unlike most other rose diseases, usually results in plant death. RRD is endemic to North America and was first described in Manitoba, Wyoming, and California in the 1940s. It has spread east with the aid of a naturalized rose species host and has become epidemic from the Great Plains to the East Coast of North America on garden roses in home and commercial landscapes where losses have been high. The disease was suggested to be incited by a virus from the beginning, but only recently has this been confirmed and the virus identified. The presence of the vector mite on roses has been associated with RRD since the first symptoms were described. However, more recently, the mite was demonstrated to be the vector of the disease and confirmed to transmit the virus itself. As a result of the RRD epidemic in North America and its effects on the national production and consumer markets for roses, a research team comprising five major universities (Texas, Florida, Tennessee, Oklahoma, and Delaware), a dozen growers and nurseries (all regions), six rose breeding programs (California, Wisconsin, Texas, and Pennsylvania), the major rose testing programs (Earth-Kind and AGRS), the major rose organization (American Rose Society), and the major trade organization AmericanHort has formed. This research project has been funded by the Specialty Crops Research Initiative through the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) with the short-term objective of improving and disseminating best management practices (BMPs) and the long-term goal of identifying additional sources of resistance and developing the genetic tools to quickly transfer resistance into the elite commercial rose germplasm.

scholarly journals Establishment of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems for Ecological Restoration in the Great Lakes Basin, USA. I. Genotype × Environment Interactions

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Zalesny ◽  
Andrej Pilipović ◽  
Elizabeth R. Rogers ◽  
Joel G. Burken ◽  
Richard A. Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Soil

Poplar remediation systems are ideal for reducing runoff, cleaning groundwater, and delivering ecosystem services to the North American Great Lakes and globally. We used phyto-recurrent selection (PRS) to establish sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds comprised of twelve PRS-selected clones each year. We tested for differences in genotypes, environments, and their interactions for health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. All trees had optimal health. Mean first-, second-, and third-year volume ranged from 71 ± 26 to 132 ± 39 cm3; 1440 ± 575 to 5765 ± 1132 cm3; and 8826 ± 2646 to 10,530 ± 2110 cm3, respectively. Fourth-year mean annual increment of 2017 buffer group trees ranged from 1.1 ± 0.7 to 7.8 ± 0.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1. We identified generalist varieties with superior establishment across a broad range of buffers (‘DM114’, ‘NC14106’, ‘99038022’, ‘99059016’) and specialist clones uniquely adapted to local soil and climate conditions (‘7300502’, ‘DN5’, ‘DN34’, ‘DN177’, ‘NM2’, ‘NM5’, ‘NM6’). Using generalists and specialists enhances the potential for phytoremediation best management practices that are geographically robust, being regionally designed yet globally relevant.

scholarly journals Fishers and whales in Iceland

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Charla J. Basran ◽  
Marianne H. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Feeding Habitat

In Iceland, as in many places globally, the detrimental impacts of whale interactions with fishing gear on both fisheries and whales are not well understood and managed. This study conducted anonymous questionnaires of Icelandic fishers and interviews of capelin purse seine boat captains to gather first-hand knowledge of the issues fishers face due to whale interaction with their fishing gear. Results suggest that the humpback whale is the large whale species that is most often entangled or encircled in fishing gear and causing damage, however on occasion other large whale species are interacting with gear as well. Interactions between humpback whales and fishing gear appears to be primarily concentrated in the north/northeast and southwest of the country where there is high fishing effort and known humpback whale feeding habitat. Humpback whale interactions with gear occurred most often with capelin purse seines, which are targeting humpback whale prey, and data suggests that bycatch of whales in this fishery may be underreported. Damage and losses due to whale collisions with gear were reported to cost fishers up to 55.000.000ISK, suggesting this can be a costly issue for which mitigation measures should be explored. The use of acoustic “pingers” is one mitigation measure that has been previously tested by capelin purse-seiners and is something that captains indicated they would be interested in continuing to try. The creation of a whale entanglement/whale-gear interaction reporting system in Iceland would aid in gathering more data and quantifying how often these events are witnessed and what the consequences of these events are to both the fishers and the whales. This study provides new information about the consequences of large whale interactions with Icelandic fisheries and suggests that future collaboration with fishers can provide insight contributing to best management practices for sustainable fishing and whale conservation.

scholarly journals A Survey of Beaver Location and Habitat to Model Their Distribution in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
William Gribb ◽  
Henry Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Early Years ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Destructive Behavior ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The North

A species that attracted a considerable amount of attention during the early years of American colonization and western exploration was the beaver (Castor canadensis). So important was this species that treaties between European countries specifically identified the trading of its furs (Long, 2000). It is estimated that over 60 million beavers were removed from the North American landscape between the early 1600s through the late 1800s (Long, 2000). By the beginning of the 1900s it is believed that only 10% of the pre-settlement population of beavers remained. Though not extinct, their numbers were radically reduced because of the fur trade and their "destructive" behavior of cutting trees and ponding water that interfered with America's growth. This perception of their detriment to the environment has been dramatically changed, and they are now perceived as ecosystem engineers that assist in creating beneficial habitat and restoring damaged landscapes (Naiman et al., 1988). Thus, it is essential in this revised role, that we know the distribution of the beaver, their habitats, and to determine the best management practices to utilize their benefits to the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Challenges of Breeding Rose Rosette–resistant Roses

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Byrne ◽  
Patricia Klein ◽  
Muqing Yan ◽  
Ellen Young ◽  
Jeekin Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Commercial Trial ◽  
Rose Rosette

Rose rosette disease (RRD) whose causal agent, the Emaravirus Rose rosette virus (RRV), was only recently identified has caused widespread death of roses in the midwestern and eastern sections of the United States. A national research team is working on the detection and best management practices for this highly damaging disease. Unfortunately, little is known about the host plant resistance to either the causal viral agent or its vector, the eriophyid mite Phyllocoptes fructiphilus. Thus far, the only confirmed resistance is among Rosa species. Of the over 600 rose cultivars observed, only 7% have not exhibited symptoms of RRD. Replicated trials are in progress to confirm resistance and/or susceptibility of ≈300 rose accessions in Tennessee and Delaware. Rose is a multispecies cultivated complex that consists of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid cultivars. The basic breeding cycle is 4 years with a 3-year commercial trial coupled with mass propagation before release. Thus, if only one breeding cycle is needed, a new cultivar could be produced in 7 years. Unfortunately, for the introgression of a new trait such as disease resistance from a related species into the commercial rose germplasm, multiple generations are required which can easily take two decades from the first cross to cultivar release. Research is ongoing to develop a rapid selection procedure for resistance to RRD with the aid of molecular markers associated with the resistance. Such an approach has the potential of reducing the breeding cycle time by 50% and increasing the efficiency of seedling and parental selection manifold, leading to commercially acceptable rose cultivars with high RRD resistance in less time and with less expense.

Flaming Phlox and the Ubiquitous Powdery Mildew Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Coralie Farinas ◽  
Pablo S. Jourdan ◽  
Francesca Peduto Hand
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Ontogenic Resistance

Phlox is a diverse genus of ornamental plants that is native to the North American continent. These popular plants, which are known for flowers with “the color of glowing flame”, are particularly appreciated in naturalistic arrangements and increasingly emphasized in native gardens for their ability to attract pollinators. Despite the plant’s popularity, the main limitation to its cultivation is the fungal disease powdery mildew (PM). Hence, cultivars deployed through the years have been selected not just for desirable horticultural traits but also for resistance to PM. Although some studies on the Phlox-PM pathosystem have begun to unravel the mechanisms underpinning host-pathogen interactions, numerous questions remain unanswered, including what are the genes involved in the retarded senescence of the infected host tissue, what are the molecular mechanisms associated with the host ontogenic resistance, and what is the role of phytohormones in the resistance of Phlox to PM? PM pathogens, already predominant on Phlox, are now likely to be ubiquitous due to the exchange of plants throughout the world. Research into the genetic diversity of Phlox-PM populations will help identify the routes of disease spread and evolutionary potential of the pathogens. Here, we review what is known about Phlox and the PM disease, and we identify knowledge gaps that have yet to be addressed.

Soil carbon lost from Mollisols of the North Central U.S.A. with 20 years of agricultural best management practices

2012 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg R. Sanford ◽  
Joshua L. Posner ◽  
Randall D. Jackson ◽  
Christopher J. Kucharik ◽  
Janet L. Hedtcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
North Central ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Best Management Practices

Augmentation of rose rosette disease for biocontrol of multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Epstein ◽  
J. H. Hill ◽  
F. W. Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Rosa Multiflora ◽  
Multiflora Rose ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Rose Rosette ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Rose Rosette Disease

Rose rosette disease, lethal to multiflora rose and indigenous to North America, has been proposed as a biocontrol agent for multiflora rose, a noxious weed in the central and eastern United States. Studies in experimental plots showed that the disease can be intensified by grafting infected shoots onto plants in established stands (i.e., augmentation). The rate of disease spread in augmented plots was significantly faster compared to epidemics in nonaugmented plots at 5 locations. Augmentation provided effective control 3 to 5 yr after implementation. Risk to ornamental rose seems to be low under conditions of this study. Plots to assess risk of the disease to ornamental roses, located at distances greater than 100 m from augmentation sites, showed no infection during the 3 yr of this study.

scholarly journals Stormwater and Drainage Master Plan and Formulation of Best Management Practices for Cameron Highlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6468-6473
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Cameron Highlands

One of the main ecotourism areas in Malaysia is Cameron Highlands and due to illegal farming and uncontrolled logging, the rivers are being polluted. The main problems lie in Cameron Highlands included stormwater management, water quantity and water quality issues, sedimentation problem, mud flood as well as erosion and landslide occurrence. Therefore, this research is generating the stormwater and drainage Master Plan for the Cameron Highlands. The research aims to minimize the flooding impacts due to inadequacies in stormwater and drainage systems in urban areas and agricultural farms and provide a holistic solution which cultivated a specific guideline for agricultural in hilly areas. The recommended stormwater management master plan is focused on providing quantity and quality control system, sedimentation basins and slope protection work. The master plan also takes into consideration nonstructural measures such as public awareness programs and law enforcement scheme. Finally, the research shows the Erosion Induced Landslide Risk Maps for Cameron Highlands Catchment for the stakeholders and farmers. This research thus plays a big role in generating the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) guidelines as one of the stormwaters and drainage master plan component in Cameron Highlands for the relevant authority’s agency

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