Longitudinal PTSD network structure: Measuring PTSD symptom networks over a five year period

Background: Network modeling has been applied in a range of trauma exposed samples, yet results are limited by an over reliance on cross-sectional data. The current analyses used posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom data collected over a five-year period to estimate a more robust between-subject network and an associated symptom change network. Methods: A PTSD symptom network is measured in a sample of military veterans across four time points (Ns = 1254, 1231, 1106, 925). The repeated measures permits isolating between-subject associations by limiting effects of within-subject variability. The result is a highly reliable PTSD symptom network. A symptom slope network depicting covariation of symptom change over time is also estimated. Results: Negative trauma-related emotions had particularly strong associations with the network. Trauma-related amnesia, sleep disturbance, and self-destructive behavior had weaker overall associations with other PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: PTSD’s network structure appears stable over time. There is no single “most important” node or node cluster. The relevance of self-destructive behavior, sleep disturbance, and trauma-related amnesia to the PTSD construct may deserve additional consideration.

INTERRELATION OF A PENCHANT FOR DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR AND EMOTIONAL INTELLECT OF TEENAGERS

Purpose. The aim of the study was to study the relationship between the propensity for auto-destructive behavior and the emotional intelligence of adolescents.Methods. The methodology for diagnosing deviant behavior of minors (SDP test – propensity to deviant behavior) was developed by E. V. Leus. Two scales were used from this technique: addictive (dependent), self-injurious (auto-aggressive) behavior. The questionnaire of suicidal risk (SR) in the modification of T. N. Razuvaeva and the questionnaire for emotional intelligence (D. V. Lyusina).Results. in the main part, based on empirical material, it is shown that there is a negative relationship between demonstrativeness and interpersonal emotional intelligence, intrapersonal emotional intelligence, understanding of emotions, emotion management by adolescents. A negative relationship between affectivity and interpersonal emotional intelligence, intrapersonal emotional intelligence, understanding of emotions, and emotion management by adolescents was revealed. The uniqueness of adolescents negatively correlates with intrapersonal emotional intelligence, understanding of emotions, and emotion management by adolescents. A negative correlation was established between the failure and interpersonal emotional intelligence, intrapersonal emotional intelligence, understanding of emotions and emotion management by adolescents. A negative correlation of social pessimism and interpersonal emotional intelligence, intrapersonal emotional intelligence, understanding of emotions, and emotion management of adolescents was revealed. The time perspective negatively correlates with interpersonal emotional intelligence, understanding of emotions, and emotion management in adolescents. A negative relationship between the impossibility of constructive future planning and intrapersonal emotional intelligence of adolescents has been revealed. The tendency to dependent behavior of adolescents is negatively associated with interpersonal emotional intelligence, intrapersonal emotional intelligence, understanding of emotions and managing emotions. The tendency to auto-aggressive behavior of adolescents negatively correlates with interpersonal emotional intelligence, intrapersonal emotional intelligence, understanding of emotions and emotion management.Conclusions. As a result of an empirical study, the relationship between the propensity for auto-destructive behavior and the emotional intelligence of adolescents was revealed. In conclusion, as a promising line of development of this study, the approbation of the technology for the development of high emotional intelligence as a psychological barrier to the tendency to auto-destructive behavior of adolescents is outlined.Key words: interpersonal emotional intelligence, intrapersonal emotional intelligence, tendency to dependent behavior, tendency to self-injurious behavior, tendency to suicidal behavior. Целью исследования являлось изучение связи склонности к аутодеструктивному поведению и эмоционального интеллекта подростков.Методы. Методика диагностики девиантного поведения несовершеннолетних (тест СДП – склонности к девиантному поведению) разработан Э.В. Леус. Из данной методики использовали две шкалы: аддиктивное (зависимое) и самоповреждающее (аутоагрессивное) поведение. Опросник суицидального риска (ОСР) в модификации Т.Н. Разуваевой и опросник на эмоциональный интеллект (Д.В. Люсина).Результаты. В основной части на эмпирическом материале показано, что существует отрицатель-ная связь между демонстративностью и межличностным эмоциональным интеллектом, внутриличностным эмоциональным интеллектом, пониманием эмоций, управлением эмоциями подростками. Выявлена отрицательная связь между аффективностью и межличностным эмоциональным интеллектом, внутриличностным эмоциональным интеллектом, пониманием эмоций, управление эмоциями подростками. Установлено, что такие показатели, как «уникальность подростков», «несостоятельность», «социальный пессимизм», «временная перспектива, «планирование будущего», «склонность к зависимому поведению», «склонность к аутоагрессивному поведению», отрицательно коррелируют с внутриличностным эмоциональным интеллектом, межличностным эмоциональным интеллектом, пониманием эмоций, управлением эмоциями подростками. Выводы. В результате эмпирического исследования выявлена отрицательная связь склонности к аутоде-структивному поведению и эмоционального интеллекта подростков. В заключении в качестве перспективной линии развития настоящего исследования намечена апробация технологии развития высокого эмоционального интеллекта как психологического барьера склонности к аутодеструктивному поведению подростков.Ключевые слова: межличностный эмоциональный интеллект, внутриличностный эмоциональ-ный интеллект, склонность к зависимому поведению, склонность к самоповреждающему поведению, склонность к суицидальному поведению.

PENITENTIARY STRESS AS A FACTOR IN THE DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF FOREIGN PENal STAFF

В данной статье рассматриваются причины и меры профилактики пенитенциарного стресса как фактора формирования деструктивного поведения сотрудников пенитенциарных систем зарубежных стран. В настоящее время проблема деструктивного поведения сотрудников правоохранительных органов является одной из самых актуальных. Большинство проблем, связанных с деструктивным поведением сотрудников пенитенциарных систем, с которыми сталкиваются зарубежные страны, к сожалению, существуют и в уголовно-исполнительной системе Российской Федерации. Их особенности заключаются в специфике служебной деятельности и множестве трудных, критических ситуаций. Согласно исследованиям, стресс и его последствия испытывает каждый четвертый сотрудник правоохранительных органов. Существующие исследования доказывают, что высокие требования, низкий контроль и дисбаланс между усилиями и вознаграждением являются факторами риска для психических и соматических проблем со здоровьем. Часто сотрудникам нелегко самостоятельно справиться с теми или иными проблемами, возникающими в процессе служебной деятельности, что приводит к появлению деструктивного поведения. В статье проведен анализ разработанных мер профилактики пенитенциарного стресса, а также различных форм психологических программ. Специалистам, оказывающим психологическую помощь сотрудникам, особое внимание необходимо уделять существующим психологическим программам, направленным на изменение отношений сотрудников, в целях профилактики их деструктивного поведения, мотивируя их к изменению своего когнитивного процесса. This article deals with the causes and measures of penitentiary stress prevention as a factor of destructive behaviour of foreign penal staff . At present the problem of disruptive behaviour of law enforcement officers is one of the most urgent. Most of the problems related to destructive behavior of penal officers which are faced by foreign countries unfortunately also exist in the penal system of the Russian Federation. Their peculiarities lie in the specifics of service activities and many difficult, critical situations. According to studies stress and its consequences are experienced by one in four law enforcement officers. Existing research proves that high demands, low control and an imbalance between effort and reward are risk factors for mental and somatic health problems. Often employees find it difficult to cope independently with the kinds of problems that arise in the course of their work leading to the emergence of disruptive behaviour. The article analyses the measures that have been developed to prevent penitentiary stress as well as various forms of psychological programmes. Professionals providing psychological assistance to staff need to pay particular attention to existing psychological programmes aimed at changing staff attitudes in order to prevent disruptive behaviour by motivating them to change their cognitive process.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PREVENTIVE WORK AIMED AT REDUCING CONFLICTS BETWEEN INMATES AND PENAL OFFICERS

Статья посвящена рассмотрению особенностей проведения профилактической работы по снижению конфликтов между осужденными и сотрудниками исправительных учреждений. В исследовании рассматриваются причины возникновения конфликтов между осужденными и сотрудниками исправительных учреждений; обстоятельства, которые оказывают влияние на природу причинности конфликтов; предпосылки для возникновения конфликтных ситуаций; различные формы конфликтов и провоцирующие их факторы. Анализируются методы, которые используются для профилактики конфликтов между осужденными и сотрудниками исправительных учреждений. Рассматриваются следующие меры предупреждения конфликтов: изучение личности осужденных, наблюдение за психическим состоянием осужденных, групповая и индивидуальная коррекционная работа с лицами, состоящими на профилактическом учете, проведение бесед с родственниками осужденных, осуществление психологического просвещения персонала исправительных учреждений. Характеризуются современные направления работы персонала исправительных учреждений по предотвращению рисков возникновения конфликтных ситуаций и снижению количества конфликтов между осужденными и сотрудниками исправительных учреждений. Обращается внимание на необходимость организации деятельности сотрудников в исправительных учреждениях с учетом мер, направленных на профилактику и урегулирование пенитенциарных конфликтов: выявление среди осужденных лиц с деструктивным поведением и наблюдение за их психическим состоянием, осуществление мониторинга социально-психологического климата в исправительном учреждении, а также проведение бесед с осужденными, развитие у них доверия к персоналу колонии. The article is devoted to the consideration of the peculiarities of carrying out preventive work to reduce conflicts between inmates and officers of correctional institutions. The study examines the causes of conflicts between inmates and officers of correctional institutions; circumstances that influence the nature of the causality of conflicts; preconditions for the emergence of conflict situations; various forms of conflicts and their provoking factors. The methods used to prevent conflicts between inmates and officers of correctional institutions are analyzed. The following measures to prevent conflicts are considered: studying the personality of inmates, observing the mental state of inmates, group and individual correctional work with persons registered with preventive care, conducting conversations with relatives of inmates, and providing psychological education for staff in correctional institutions. The modern directions of work of the staff of correctional institutions to prevent the risks of conflict situations and reduce the number of conflicts between inmates and staff of correctional institutions are characterized. Attention is drawn to the need to organize the activities of officers in correctional institutions, taking into account measures aimed at preventing and settling penal conflicts: identifying persons with destructive behavior among inmates and monitoring their mental state, monitoring the socio-psychological climate in the correctional institution, as well as conducting interviews with inmates, the development of their confidence in the staff of the colony.

The cost of a divided America: an experimental study into destructive behavior

Does political polarization lead to dysfunctional behavior? To study this question, we investigate the attitudes of supporters of Donald Trump and of Hillary Clinton towards each other and how these attitudes affect spiteful behavior. We find that both Trump and Clinton supporters display less positive attitudes towards the opposing supporters compared to coinciding supporters. More importantly, we show that significantly more wealth is destroyed if the opponent is an opposing voter. This effect is mainly driven by Clinton voters. This provides the first experimental evidence that political polarization leads to destructive behavior.

CONSTRUCTION AND SPECIFICITY OF POLITICAL MYTH AS AN INSTRUMENT OF DIALOGUE AND INFLUENCE

This work analyzes political mythologization, in particular within the framework of the dialectical confrontation between the artificial images of the “Messiah” and the “World Demon”. The purpose of the work is to identify the constructive and functional features of a political myth with a specific teleological purpose. Among others, an important task is to identify the destructive trends caused by the speculative influence of a political myth. The research methodology includes the dialectical method used as a tool for investigating the internal contradictions of the political myth phenomenon This method was also used to analyze the opposition of two artificial images (the “Messiah” and the “World Demon”). The analysis of authenticity (as the correspondence between positioning and content) of political mythologization as a kind of speculative system was used to identify its specifics of functioning and impact on the objects that are the main targets. This method in combination with the primary deconstruction of a monolithic myth is necessary for the subsequent synthesis of the obtained results. The modeling method allowed us to form the characteristic features of a political myth. Some elements of ethical and psychological approaches, as well as the approaches of religious studies were also used to fix the pragmatic and speculative aspects of a political myth. The following results were obtained: 1) aestheticization is an important component of a political myth; 2) for all their seeming abstractness, the images of political mythologization have pragmatic literality; 3) the parasitical nature of political mythologization was revealed; 4) the relativity of the concepts of freedom and individuality in a political myth was shown; 5) the aspect of conformism and pragmatism of political mythologization was established; 6) political myths create conditions for destructive behavior and attitudes.

Effect of a provincial feline onychectomy ban on cat intake and euthanasia in a British Columbia animal shelter system

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether there was an increase in cat relinquishment for destructive scratching behavior, a change in overall feline surrender intake and euthanasia, or a change in average length of stay in a British Columbia shelter system after provincial legislation banning elective onychectomy. Methods Records of cats admitted to the British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 36 months prior to (1 May 2015–30 April 2018, n = 41,157) and after (1 May 2018–30 April 2021, n = 33,430) the provincial ban on elective onychectomy were reviewed. Total intake numbers, euthanasia and length of stay were descriptively compared between periods. Proportions of cats and kittens surrendered for destructive scratching, as well as the proportion of cats and kittens surrendered with an owner request for euthanasia, were compared using two-sample z-tests of proportions. Results Destructive behavior was found to be an uncommon reason for surrender (0.18% of surrendered cats) during the study period. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of cats surrendered for destructive scratching behavior ( z = −1.89, P >0.05) after the provincial ban on elective onychectomy. On the contrary, the proportion of owner-requested euthanasias decreased after the ban ( z = 3.90, P <0.001). The total number of cats surrendered, the shelter live release rate and average length of stay all remained stable or improved following the ban, though causation could not be determined. Conclusions and relevance The findings in this study suggest that legislation banning elective onychectomy does not increase the risk of feline shelter relinquishment – for destructive behavior or overall – and is unlikely to have a significant effect on shelter euthanasia or length of stay.

Investigation of Students’ Destructive Behavior in Islamic Senior High Schools and The Prospect of Child-Friendly School (CFS) Program

Destructive behavior cases in learning can be found at the best schools and even in the classes with the most talented teachers.The purpose of this research is to investigate students’ destructive behavior in learning process at Islamic Senior High Schools in Pekanbaru and the prospect of Child-Friendly School (CFS) by handling these cases.