scholarly journals Physiochemical and Descriptive Sensory Analysis of Arkansas Muscadine Grapes

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1570-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Felts ◽  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Margaret L. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Basic Taste ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

Understanding how consumer perception is related to physiochemical attributes assists in the identification of harvest and marketability parameters for muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.). Three muscadine cultivars (Ison, Nesbitt, and Summit) and three advanced breeding selections (AM-9, AM-74, and AM-83) were harvested from vines at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Fruit Research Station in Clarksville, AR. The physiochemical (physical and composition) and sensory attributes (descriptive) of the genotypes were evaluated at harvest. Significant differences between genotypes were observed for berry weight (9.25–14.38 g), soluble solids (12.73% to 15.40%), pH (2.88–3.33), titratable acidity (0.54% to 1.01%), soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio (13.12–28.49), skin firmness [0.85–1.48 Newtons/millimeters (N·mm−1)], and flesh firmness (0.89–2.14 N). Total sugars (6.17–9.75 g/100 g) and total organic acid (0.50–0.84 g/100 g) levels were not significantly different for these genotypes. A trained descriptive sensory panel (n = 8) evaluated the fruit attributes for aroma (n = 9), external appearance (n = 7), internal appearance (n = 3), basic tastes (n = 3), aromatics (n = 10), feeling factors (n = 2), and texture (n = 7). The descriptive sensory panel detected differences among genotypes for external appearance, internal appearance, and basic taste attributes, more specifically with desirable attributes rather than unfavorable. However, the panelists found no differences among genotypes for texture attributes. Of the physiochemical attributes, total sugars had the most significant correlations with the descriptive sensory attributes, followed by soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio. Total sugars were correlated to 12 attributes (three aromas, two exterior appearances, two basic tastes, four aromatics, and one feeling factor) and soluble solids/titratable acidity was correlated to five attributes (one aroma, one basic taste, two aromatics, and one feeling factor). A lexicon of terms for descriptive sensory attributes for fresh-market muscadine grapes was established. This lexicon can be used for other research and breeding efforts, as well as establishing the relationship between the physiochemical and descriptive sensory attributes.

scholarly journals Physiochemical and Sensory Attributes of Fresh Blackberries Grown in the Southeastern United States

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
Olivia S. Hines ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Luke R. Howard ◽  
Cindi R. Brownmiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Acid Ratio

Blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) are grown worldwide for commercial fresh markets. Physiochemical and sensory attributes were evaluated on fresh fruit of five blackberry cultivars (Natchez, Osage, Ouachita, Prime-Ark® 45, and Prime-Ark® Traveler) and six advanced breeding selections from the University of Arkansas Fruit Breeding Program. The physiochemical attributes of blackberries were within a commercially acceptable range (soluble solids = 8% to 11%, pH = 3.0–3.6, titratable acidity = 0.7% to 1.4%, berry weight = 6 to 14 g, drupelets/berry = 50 to 150, and pyrenes/berry = 51 to 115). ‘Natchez’ had the highest berry weight, berry length, drupelets/berry, and pyrenes/berry, whereas A-2453 was the lowest for these attributes. The highest nutraceutical levels were found in ‘Osage’ (total flavonols and total anthocyanins), A-2434 (total ellagitannins) and A-2453 (total phenolics). A trained descriptive sensory panel (n = 9) evaluated fresh blackberry attributes for appearance, basic tastes, feeling factors, aromatics, and texture using a 15-point scale (0 = less of the attribute; 15 = more of the attribute in terms of intensity). The descriptive panel identified ‘Natchez’ as having the largest descriptive size of berry with the highest overall aromatics and A-2453 as the smallest, glossiest, and firmest. Although A-2491 had the highest soluble solids, the descriptive panelists could not differentiate sweetness among the genotypes, but found A-2491 the least sour. A consumer sensory panel (n = 74) evaluated appearance, flavor, and texture attributes of blackberries on a 9-point verbal hedonic liking scale (1 = extremely dislike; 9 = like extremely) and 5-point just about right (JAR) scale (1 = not nearly enough; 3 = JAR; 5 = much too much). In terms of overall impression and overall flavor, A-2491 and ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ had the highest liking; average attributes for these blackberries were a berry weight of 9.1 g, soluble solids of 10.0%, titratable acidity of 0.95%, and a soluble solids/titratable acid ratio of 11.9. ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ also had the highest liking for appearance and berry size. A-2453, the glossiest berry, had the highest liking for berry color. Consumer panelists liked the firmness of the blackberries including those that were very firm, such as A-2453, but did not indicate differences in liking among genotypes. Consumers found the size of ‘Ouachita’, ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’, and ‘Prime-Ark® 45’ (berry weight ≈8.3 g) JAR, but ‘Natchez’ (14.3 g) too large. Consumers found the sweetness and sourness of A-2491 JAR. Consumer overall impression and flavor of blackberries were positively correlated to consumer liking of berry shape and color and negatively correlated to the descriptive attributes for sourness, bitterness, green/unripe aromatic, and amount of seeds. Consumer liking of appearance was positively correlated with consumer liking of berry size, shape, color, and descriptive uniformity of color and glossiness. To produce a commercially marketed fresh-market blackberry, there are many characteristics that are important, but our data for these genotypes suggest that a desired blackberry should have a berry weight of 8–10 g, soluble solids of 9% to 11%, titratable acidity of 0.9% to 1%, and a soluble solids/titratable acid ratio of 10 to 13. However, optimum sugar and acidity levels require more investigation including other factors in flavor and aromatics. Evaluating the physiochemical and sensory attributes of fresh fruit is an important tool that can be used to determine commercial potential for selections and cultivars.

scholarly journals Identifying Marketable Attributes of Fresh-market Blackberries through Consumer Sensory Evaluations

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Aubrey N. Dunteman ◽  
Margaret L. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Sensory Study ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Sensory Evaluations

Breeding and release of new fresh-market blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is vital for competitive markets to address evolving changes and production challenges. Physical, composition, and sensory attributes of six University of Arkansas (UA) System Division of Agriculture blackberry cultivars (Caddo, Natchez, Osage, Ouachita, Ponca, and Prime-Ark® Traveler) were evaluated to identify marketable attributes. The consumer sensory study (n = 81) had two elements: a visual evaluation of displayed blackberries and an appearance, tasting, and firmness evaluation of the six cultivars using a 9-point verbal hedonic liking scale and a 5-point just about right (JAR) scale. Consumers preferred large blackberries when presented with individual berries of varying sizes and clamshells filled with equal weights of small or large blackberries. The largest of the six cultivars, Natchez and Caddo, were scored favorably for size and shape. Consumers also preferred clamshells with little to no red drupelet reversion, a postharvest disorder where black drupelets on the blackberry turn red during or after cold storage. Consumers did not detect differences in the appearance or firmness of the cultivars and rated the firmness of all cultivars favorably on the JAR scale. The physical and composition attributes of the six cultivars were within commercially acceptable ranges (soluble solids = 9% to 10%, pH = 3.1–3.8, titratable acidity = 0.6% to 1.4%, and berry weight = 6–10 g). ‘Ponca’, ‘Osage’, ‘Caddo’, and ‘Natchez’ were all rated highly for sweetness, sourness, overall flavor, and overall impression. ‘Ponca’ was rated high for sweetness, overall flavor, and overall impression and had 10.4% soluble solids, 0.82% titratable acidity, and a 12.8 soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio. The identification of these marketability attributes of fresh-market blackberries will provide information to advance breeding efforts for fruit with commercial potential.

scholarly journals Physiochemical Changes in Floricane and Primocane Blackberries Harvested from Primocane Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela M. Segantini ◽  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Luke R. Howard ◽  
Cindi R. Brownmiller
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
The University

Fresh-market blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) have a growing global market, with continued release of cultivars to meet demand for consumer-quality fruit. The release of primocane-fruiting blackberry plants that produce crops on both floricanes and primocanes has expanded blackberry production. This study investigated the physiochemical attributes of fresh-market blackberries harvested from two cane types (floricane and primocane) from four primocane genotypes (APF-238, APF-268, ‘Prime-Ark® 45’, and ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’) grown at the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station, Clarksville in 2015 and 2016. Year-to-year differences were evident as blackberries harvested in 2016 were smaller (6 g) and less acidic (0.7% titratable acidity) than berries harvested in 2015 (8 g berries with 0.9% titratable acidity); however, soluble solids in each year were similar (≈10.2%). Differences in genotypes were also a factor. ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ (2015) and APF-268 (2016) had the highest berry firmness (7.8–8.3 N). In both years, APF-238 had the lowest firmness (5.7–6.0 N), highest isocitric acid (0.8–1.1 g/100 g), and highest total anthocyanins (239–353 mg/100 g). Floricane fruit harvested from ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ had the highest berry weights (8.3–10.4 g) in both years. Blackberries harvested from primocanes were wider (21.3–22.9 mm), had higher soluble solids (11.6% to 12.6%), and had lower titratable acidity (0.6%) when compared with floricane fruit in both years. Major year-to-year differences were found for several variables in this study, indicating that environmental effects can be substantial and growers should be aware of this influence on berries harvested from the different cane types. Evaluation of quality properties of floricane and primocane fruit of primocane plants in other locations would be valuable, particularly from areas where commercial blackberry production is established.

scholarly journals Ideal Pear Sensory Attributes and Fruit Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 988-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kappel ◽  
Robert Fisher-Fleming ◽  
Eugene J. Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Panel Rating ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the objective assessment of sensory attributes or fruit characteristics of pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruit and the corresponding consumer or sensory panel rating was studied. Optimum fruit diameter was between 6 and 7.5 cm. Some fruit were judged to be too large. Fruit with a bright yellow skin were rated ideal, whereas green or red skin was rated less favorably. A pyriform shape with a length: diameter ratio range of 1.44 to 1.48 was optimum. Round fruit or very elongated fruit were considered undesirable. Perceived firmness increased linearly as the measured firmness increased, with the optimum firmness at 27 to 30 N (using an 11.1-mm penetrometer tip). Perceived juiciness was negatively, linearly related to measured firmness. Ideal firmness for an ideal juiciness rating was 18 to 22 N. Acceptable soluble solids concentrations (SSC) varied with the study year, but ranged between 13.6% and 17.2%. The sweet/sour balance (ratio of SSC: titratable acidity) was a useful indicator of fruit quality.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Descriptive Sensory Analysis of Arkansas-grown Peaches and Nectarines

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Molly Felts ◽  
Renee T. Threlfall ◽  
Margaret L. Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
White River

Understanding how human perception is related to physicochemical attributes strengthens identification of ripeness and marketability parameters for peaches and nectarines [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Six peach and nectarine cultivars (Amoore Sweet, Bowden, Effie, Loring, Souvenirs, and White River) and three advanced breeding selections (A-827, A-850, and A-865) were harvested from trees grown at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Fruit Breeding Program in Clarksville, AR. Physical and chemical characteristics of the genotypes at harvest were as follows: fruit weight of 134.4 to 330.2 g, firmness of 7.8 to 35.8 N, soluble solids of 7.5% to 14.7%, pH of 3.3 to 4.8, titratable acidity of 0.2% to 1.1%, total sugars of 1.7 to 10.4 g/100 g, and total organic acids of 0.1 to 0.9 g/100 g. Overall, A-865 had the lowest fruit weight (134.0 g) and pH (3.3), and the highest firmness (35.8 N), soluble solids (14.7%), titratable acidity (1.1%), total sugars (10.4 g/100 g), and total organic acids (0.8 g/100 g). ‘White River’ had the largest fruit (330.2 g) and pit (11.06 g). A-850 (63.6) had the highest soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, and ‘Bowden’ (12.7) had the lowest. A trained descriptive sensory panel (n = 10) was used to create a lexicon for Arkansas-grown fresh-market peaches and nectarines. The panel evaluated the fruit for aroma (n = 4), external appearance (n = 8), internal appearance and pit attributes (n = 6), basic tastes (n = 3), aromatics while eating fruit (n = 5), feeling factors (n = 2), and texture (n = 6). Principal component analysis explained 63.4% of the data variance attributed to texture and acidity. Of all of the physicochemical attributes, firmness had the most significant correlations with the descriptive sensory attributes, followed by fruit weight. Firmness was negatively correlated (r = −0.70 to 0.81) to fruit size, fuzziness, amount of bruises on the flesh, pit size, and moisture release, and positively correlated (r = 0.68–0.84) to sourness, green/unripe aromatics, flesh hardness, flesh crispness, and fibrousness between the teeth. Fruit weight was positively correlated (r = 0.67–0.75) to fruit and pit size, overripe aromatics, and moisture release. Significant correlations between descriptive sensory appearance, basic tastes, aromatics, and texture attributes with physicochemical attributes provide an indication of ripeness and marketability parameters for peaches and nectarines. These descriptive attributes are quality factors that impact consumer purchases and perception of fresh-market peaches and nectarines.

scholarly journals A Systematic Approach to the Determination of Maturity Indices for Melting-flesh and Nonmelting-flesh Peach Cultivars for Fresh Market

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 590f-590
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Brovelli ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Wayne B. Sherman ◽  
Jay M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Maturity Indices

Potential maturity indices were determined for two melting-flesh (FL 90-20 and Tropic Beauty) and two nonmelting-flesh (Oro A and Fl 86-28 C) peach cultivars. A range of developmental stages was obtained by conducting two harvests and separating fruit based on their diameter. Fruit in each category were divided into two groups. One group was used for determining potential maturity indices: soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids: titratable acidity, peel and flesh color on the cheeks (CH) and blossom end (BE), CH and BE texture, ethylene production, and respiration rate. The other group was stored at 0°C for 1 week and ripened at 20°C for 2 days to simulate actual handling conditions, and were presented to a trained sensory panel, which rated the fruit for three textural (hardness, rubberiness, and juiciness) and three flavor aspects (sweetness; sourness; bitterness; and green, peachy, and overripe character). Principal component (PC) analysis was used to consolidate the results of the descriptive sensory evaluation into a single variable that could be correlated with the objective measurements at harvest. The first overall PC explained 40% of the total variation. Following are the attributes that best correlated with PC 1 and, thus, are promising maturity indices: for FL 90-20, peel hue, peel L, and CH texture; for Tropic Beauty, peel L, CH texture, and BE texture; for Oro A, CH texture, BE texture, and CH chroma; for 86-28C, BE texture, CH hue, and CH texture.

scholarly journals Potential Maturity Indices and Developmental Aspects of Melting-flesh and Nonmelting-flesh Peach Genotypes for the Fresh Market

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto A. Brovelli ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Wayne B. Sherman ◽  
Charles A. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Sensory Panel ◽  
Maturity Indices

Potential maturity indices were determined for two melting-flesh (FL 90-20 and `TropicBeauty') and two nonmelting-flesh (`Oro A'and Fl 86-28C) peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] genotypes. A range of developmental stages was obtained by conducting two harvests and separating the fruit based on diameter. Fruit in each category were divided into two groups. One group was used to determine potential maturity indices: soluble solids, titratable acidity, soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio, peel and flesh color on the cheeks and blossom end, cheek and blossom-end firmness, ethylene production, and respiration rate. The other group was stored at 0 °C for 1 week and ripened at 20 °C for 2 days to simulate handling conditions and presented to a trained sensory panel, which rated the fruit for three textural aspects (hardness, rubberiness, and juiciness) and six flavor aspects (sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and green, peachy, and overripe character). Principal component (PC) analysis was used to consolidate the results of the descriptive sensory evaluation into a single variable that could be correlated with the objective measurements at harvest. The attributes that best correlated with the first sensory PC of each genotype, and thus are promising maturity indices, were as follows: for FL 90-20, peel hue, peel L, and cheek firmness; for `TropicBeauty', peel L, cheek firmness, and blossom-end firmness; for `Oro A', cheek firmness, blossom-end firmness, and cheek chroma; and for 86-28C, blossom-end firmness, cheek hue, and cheek firmness.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization and Functional Potential of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Phaseolus coccineus L. Landrace Green Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Elia Nora Aquino-Bolaños ◽  
Alma Karina Garzón-García ◽  
Jimena Esther Alba-Jiménez ◽  
José Luis Chávez-Servia ◽  
Araceli Minerva Vera-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Color Parameters

The green bean is an important crop worldwide, because it is rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, as well as bioactive compounds that provide it with important functional properties; however, the composition of many landraces is still unknown. The purpose of this project was to characterize Phaselus vulgaris and coccineus L. landrace green beans on pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, total sugars, color parameters, total phenols, monomeric anthocyanins, and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP). Regarding the content of total sugars, differences were registered between both species, as opposed to results observed in total soluble solids. Color parameters showed higher reddish tones for P. vulgaris landraces, though P. coccineus had a higher total phenolic content, especially the reddish landraces, which correlated directly to a higher antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP. In the protein content, the species P. vulgaris registered the highest content. These results could contribute to a greater use and even promote the genetic improvement of the outstanding pods that serve as one of the main food products in rural regions for higher benefits.

scholarly journals Influence of stock on physical and chemical traits of fresh apricot fruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Milošević ◽  
N. Milošević ◽  
I. Glišić ◽  
G. Šekularac
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Fruit Mass

Abstract The study was conducted to determine the effects of Myrobalan rootstock and Blackthorn interstock on fruit physical and chemical traits of five apricot cultivars. The results showed that cultivars grafted on Myrobalan rootstock appear to induce a higher fruit mass when compared with the Blackthorn interstock. Blackthorn interstock showed a tendency to induce a higher soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio than Myrobalan. Values of soluble solids content, total sugars, titratable acidity and fruit firmness between Myrobalan rootstock and Blackthorn interstock were not significant. Regarding cultivars, the greatest fruit mass observed in Roxana in both treatments, and the lowest in Biljana on Myrobalan and in Vera on Blackthorn. The lowest soluble solids, total sugars and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were found in Roxana in both variants of grafting, whereas the greatest titratable acidity also observed in Roxana in both cases, respectively. Based on the results from this study, the fruits of Roxana can be recommended for fresh consumption, whereas fruits of the other cultivars can be recommended for processing.

Shelf-life of ‘Golden Reinders’ Apples after Ultra Low Oxygen Storage: Effect on Aroma Volatile Compounds, Standard Quality Parameters, Sensory Attributes and Acceptability

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Altisent ◽  
G. Echeverría ◽  
I. Lara ◽  
M.L. López ◽  
J. Graell
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Maturity Stages

The aim of this work was to estimate shelf-life potential and understand quality characteristics of ‘Golden Reinders’ apples during ripening after storage under ultra low oxygen (ULO) atmosphere. Fruits, corresponding to two different maturity stages (147 and 155 dafb), were kept at 1 °C in ULO atmosphere (1 kPa O2: 1 kPa CO2) for seven months and subsequently kept at 1 °C in regular air for up to 28 days. Sub-batches were removed weekly and transferred to 20 °C, so that the shelf-life periods at room temperature were 28, 21, 14, 7, and 0 days. Fruit from both maturity stages showed firmness and soluble solids content (SSC) values above the minimum commercial requirements for this variety throughout the post-storage ripening period. However, only earlier harvested fruit maintained high levels of titratable acidity (TA). Production of aroma volatile compounds was low for shorter ripening periods, though it increased progressively as ripeness advanced. Principal component analysis showed the variables that positively influenced acceptability were: octyl acetate, hexyl octanoate, butyl propanoate, propyl pentanoate, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one as aroma volatile compounds; SSC, TA, firmness, and epidermis colour (Hue) as physicochemical parameters; and sourness and sensory firmness as sensory attributes. From a general overview, the optimum shelf-life period for ‘Golden Reinders’ apples would be between 7 and 14 days for both maturity stages.

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